Primary Site Research Articles

Stage IV ovarian cancer prognosis nomogram and analysis of racial differences: A study based on the SEER database

PurposeStage IV ovarian cancer is a tumor with a poor prognosis and lacks prognostic models. This study constructed and validated a model to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed stage IV ovarian cancer. MethodsThe data of this study were extracted from SEER database. Cox regression analysis was used to construct the nomogram model and implemented it in an online web application. Concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to verify the performance of the model. ResultsA total of 6062 patients were collected in this study. The analysis showed that age, race, histological grade, histological differentiation, T stage, CA125, liver metastasis, primary site surgery, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic parameters, and were used to construct the nomogram model. The C-index of the training group and the verification group was 0.704 and 0.711, respectively. Based on the score of the nomogram responding risk classification system is constructed. The online interface of Alfalfa-IVOC-OS is free to use. In addition, the racial analysis found that Asian or Pacific Islander people had higher survival rates than white and black people. ConclusionThis study established a new survival prediction model and risk classification system designed to predict OS time in patients with stage IV ovarian cancer to help clinicians evaluate the prognosis of patients with stage IV ovarian cancer.

Changes in surfactant protein A and D in ovine ovaries related to follicle development.

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and Surfactant protein D (SP-D) glycoproteins play a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis and lung host defense. Interestingly, these proteins are also expressed in extra-pulmonary tissues, including the female genital tract. The ovarian tissue, where SP-A and SP-D expression increases with follicular development, may serve as the primary site of defense for this tissue. However, their functions in these tissues are not well understood and are currently an active area of research. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the expression of SP-A and SP-D in the ovine ovary throughout the ovarian cycle using immunohistochemistry by semiquantitative intensity classification and Western blotting techniques. These findings revealed the presence of SP-A and SP-D in various compartments of the ovary, such as the follicular epithelium, granulosa cells, cumulus cells, theca cells, oocyte I, follicular fluid, and luteal cells of Graafian follicles, excluding the corpus albicans. SP-A and SP-D likely act as a first line of defense against potential pathogens that infiltrate the ovaries. Further investigation of the differential expression of SP-A and SP-D proteins in ovarian follicles will provide a basis for understanding their interactions with key proteins involved in oogenesis.

Stereotactic Ablative Radiation for Oligoprogressive Cancers: Results of the Randomized Phase 2 STOP Trial

This trial examined if patients with ≤5 sites of oligoprogression benefit from the addition of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to standard of care (SOC) systemic therapy. We enrolled patients with 1-5 metastases progressing on systemic therapy, and after stratifying by type of systemic therapy (cytotoxic vs. non-cytotoxic), randomized 1:2 between continued SOC treatment vs. SABR to all progressing lesions plus SOC. The trial was initially limited to non-small cell lung cancer but was expanded to include all non-hematologic malignancies to meet accrual goals. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), lesional control, quality of life, adverse events (AEs), and duration of systemic therapy post-randomization. Ninety patients with 127 oligoprogressive metastases were enrolled across 8 Canadian institutions, with 59 randomized to SABR and 31 to SOC. Median age was 67 years and 39 (43%) were female. The most common primary sites were lung (44%), genitourinary (23%) and breast (13%). Protocol adherence in the SOC arm was suboptimal, with 11 patients (35%) either receiving high-dose/ablative therapies (conflicting with trial protocol) or withdrawing from the study. Median follow-up was 31 months. There was no difference in PFS between arms (median PFS 8.4 months in the SABR arm vs. 4.3 months in the SOC arm but curves cross and 2-year PFS was 9% vs. 24% respectively, p=0.91). Median OS was 31.2 months vs. 27.4 months, respectively (p=0.22). Lesional control was superior with SABR (70% vs. 38% respectively, p=0.0015). There were 2 (3.4%) grade 3 and no grade 4/5 AEs attributable to SABR. SABR was well-tolerated with superior lesional control but did not improve PFS or OS. Accrual to this study was difficult, and the results may have been impacted by an unwillingness to forgo ablative treatments on the SOC arm. (NCT02756793).

Heterogeneity of claudin 18.2 expression in metastatic gastric cancer

Claudin 18.2 has emerged as a viable therapeutic target in gastric cancer (GC), but little is known about the heterogeneity of its expression in GC. This study investigated the heterogeneity of claudin 18.2 expression in 166 patients with metastatic GC whose surgical or paired primary–metastatic specimens were available. The prevalence of claudin 18.2 positivity (moderate-to-strong expression in ≥ 75% by the 43-14A clone) was 47.0%. Claudin 18.2-positive tumors exhibited more frequent peritoneal metastasis and a lower incidence of hepatic and distant lymph node involvement. Survival outcomes were comparable between patients with claudin 18.2-positive and -negative tumors. Intratumoral heterogeneity was noted in 38.5% of surgical specimens. Paired primary-metastatic site analysis revealed that 25.2% of patients had discordant results for claudin 18.2 positivity. Across different metastatic organ categories, peritoneal lesions showed the highest positivity rate (44.3%) and positive concordance rate (31.4%), whereas liver lesions had the lowest positivity rate (17.9%) and concordance rate (12.8%). In conclusion, claudin 18.2 expression exhibits intratumoral and intrapatient spatial heterogeneity in metastatic GC. Claudin 18.2 positivity is associated with more frequent peritoneal metastasis, and peritoneal lesions are more likely to have positively concordant claudin 18.2 results with the primary site than other metastatic sites.

Molecular mechanism of distinct chemokine engagement and functional divergence of the human Duffy antigen receptor

The Duffy antigen receptor is a seven-transmembrane (7TM) protein expressed primarily at the surface of red blood cells and displays strikingly promiscuous binding to multiple inflammatory and homeostatic chemokines. It serves as the basis of the Duffy blood group system in humans and also acts as the primary attachment site for malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax and pore-forming toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we comprehensively profile transducer coupling of this receptor, discover potential non-canonical signaling pathways, and determine the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure in complex with the chemokine CCL7. The structure reveals a distinct binding mode of chemokines, as reflected by relatively superficial binding and a partially formed orthosteric binding pocket. We also observe a dramatic shortening of TM5 and 6 on the intracellular side, which precludes the formation of the docking site for canonical signal transducers, thereby providing a possible explanation for the distinct pharmacological and functional phenotype of this receptor.

Mechanism and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage focus on mitochondrial permeability transition pore.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke, characterized by high mortality and a poor prognosis. Despite various treatment methods, there has been limited improvement in the prognosis of ICH over the past decades. Therefore, it is imperative to identify a feasible treatment strategy for ICH. Mitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells and serve as the primary sites for aerobic respiration and energy production. Under unfavorable cellular conditions, mitochondria can induce changes in permeability through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and contributing to various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that mPTP plays a role in the pathological processes associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion injury, among others. However, there is limited research on mPTP involvement specifically in ICH. Therefore, this study comprehensively examines the pathological processes associated with mPTP in terms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and other related mechanisms to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying mPTP involvement in ICH. This research aims to provide novel insights for the treatment of secondary injury after ICH.

Understanding the Impacts of Presystemic Metabolism on the Human Oral Bioavailability of Chemicals.

Animal-free new approach methods promote chemical assessments based on the comparison between in vitro bioactivity and human internal concentrations, which necessitates a dependable knowledge of human oral bioavailability, i.e., the fraction of an orally ingested chemical that escapes from presystemic ("first-pass") metabolic processes and eventually enters systemic circulation. Using a physiologically based toxicokinetic model, we show how human oral bioavailability is impacted by presystemic metabolism within the gut lumen, gut wall, and liver and how this impact differs among chemicals with various permeability and stability properties. Our results highlight the gut lumen as a primary site of presystemic metabolism of certain chemicals, such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), for which the gut lumen may even exceed the liver in importance of presystemic metabolism due to these metabolic processes occurring in sequence. For chemicals with low transmembrane permeability and low stability, metabolism within the gut lumen is the most remarkable of the three presystemic metabolic processes. Notably, for chemicals that undergo substantial metabolism within the gut lumen, where the metabolites have high permeability, there is a notable discrepancy between the "theoretical bioavailability" (bioavailability of the unchanged parent compound) and the "apparent bioavailability" in measurement practices (bioavailability inferred from measured metabolites). Our work highlights the importance of considering presystemic metabolism, notably within the gut lumen, in human exposure and toxicokinetic modeling.

Safety and Efficacy of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) Following Bland Embolization for Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Rationale: Evaluating the long-term safety and efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (mNETs) who have undergone prior bland hepatic transarterial embolization (TAE). Methods: Retrospective review of mNET patients who received PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE between 4/2018 and 02/2022 with and without prior TAE. The most recent clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings, including hepatic Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0, were compared to pre-PRRT. Results: 171 patients (95 M, 76 F, median age = 66) with mNET of different primary sites (9 foregut, 100 midgut, 9 hindgut, 44 pancreas, 9 unknown) received at least 1 cycle of PRRT with at least 6 months of follow-up, 110 of whom were embolization-naïve and 61 who had prior TAE. The median follow up was 22 months (range: 6-43). Patients with prior TAE had higher liver tumor burden on average than patients without prior TAE; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). There was no significant difference in the rates of G3 or G4 hepatotoxicity (p = 0.548 and p = 0.999, respectively) in patients who underwent prior TAE and those who were TAE-naïve. The hepatic progression-free survival was 22.9 months in TAE-naïve patients and 25.7, 20.2, and 12.8 months in patients with 1, 2, and 3 prior TAE treatments, respectively. Conclusion: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy following transarterial bland embolization for mNET is safe and effective.

Bladder Lymphoma. Presentation of clinical case

Introduction: lymphomas develop in lymphoid tissue located in lymph nodes and in dissimilar organs of the human body. They are malignant tumors located in the lymphoid tissue with a low incidence in the genitourinary tract as the primary site; among them, those of the bladder are uncommon. Primary bladder lymphomas present an indistinguishable clinical-radiological pattern, of solid growth and with characteristics similar to urothelial carcinoma. Objective: to present a clinical case, with a diagnosis of primary bladder lymphoma treated in the Oncology service of the “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río. Case presentation: patient, 58 years old, male, white, relative health history; In February 2020, he went to the clinic due to bleeding in his urine, urinary urgency, droplet urination, as well as weight loss of more than 15 lbs. and evening fever. He was evaluated by the urology service, which suspected urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, which led to a systematic diagnosis that determined infiltration of the bladder wall by intermediate B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions: the diagnosis in these cases is determined by immunohistochemistry studies and tumor monoclonality demonstrated by molecular biology techniques. Primary bladder lymphomas have a solid growth pattern similar to that of urothelial carcinoma. The choice for treatment consists of a regimen consisting of CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin) combined with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. We present a case of infradiaphragmatic intermediate B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with extralymphatic involvement of the bladder

Identifying MSMO1, ELOVL6, AACS, and CERS2 related to lipid metabolism as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease

The mechanisms underlying lipid metabolic disorders in Parkinson's diseases (PD) remain unclear. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify PD-related modular genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) were extracted from Molecular Signatures Database. Candidate genes were assessed with overlapping modular genes, DEGs, and LMRGs for the purpose of building protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Then, biomarkers were generated by machine learning and Backpropagation Neural Network development according to candidate genes. Biomarker-based enrichment and network modulation analyses were executed to investigate related signaling pathways. Following dimensionality reduction clustering and annotation, scRNA-seq was submitted to cellular interactions and trajectory analysis to analyze regulatory mechanisms of critical cells. Finally, qRT-PCR was conducted to confirm the expression of biomarkers in PD patients. Four biomarkers (MSMO1, ELOVL6, AACS, and CERS2) were obtained and highly predictive after analysis mentioned above. Then, OPC, Oli, and Neu cells were the primary expression sites for biomarkers according to scRNA-seq studies. Finally, we confirmed mRNA of MSMO1, ELOVL6 and AACS were downregulated in PD patients comparing with control, while CERS2 was upregulated. In conclusion, MSMO1, ELOVL6, AACS, and CERS2 related to LMRGs could be new biomarkers for diagnosing and treating PD.

Establishment of nomogram to predict overall survival and cancer-specific survival of local tumor resection in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis with unresectable metastases: a large population-based analysis

Background and PurposeThe tumour-node metastasis (TNM) classification is a common model for evaluating the prognostic value of tumour patients. However, few models have been used to predict the survival outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) with unresectable metastases who received the primary local surgery. Thus, we utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to establish novel nomograms for predicting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of these patients.MethodsExtracted primary data on CRLM patients by local surgery from SEER database. All prognostic factors of OS and CSS were determined by Cox regression analysis. The concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to further evaluate the accuracy and discrimination of these nomograms. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was executed to evaluate the nomograms for the clinical net benefit. Risk stratification analysis (RSA) was used to evaluate the reliability of them in clinical.Results3622 eligible patients were screened and assigned to training cohort (1812) or validation cohort (1810). The age, chemotherapy, tumour grade, primary tumour site, tumour size, lymph node positive rate (LNR), marital status, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were independent prognostic factors of OS. Additionally, the age, chemotherapy, tumour grade, primary tumour site, tumour size, LNR, and CEA were independent prognostic factors of CSS. The results of C-indexes and ROC curves indicated that the established nomograms exhibited better discrimination power than TNM classification. The calibration curves demonstrated excellent agreement between the predicted and actual survival rates for 1-, 3-, and 5 year OS and CSS. Meanwhile, the validation cohort demonstrated similar results. Background the clinic context, the DCA showed that these nomograms have higher net benefits, and the RSA showed that patients were further divided into low risk, medium risk, and high risk groups according to the predicted scores from nomograms. And, the Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test showed that the survival differences among the three groups are statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prognostic nomograms showed very high accuracy, identifiability, and clinical practicality in predicting the OS and CSS of CRLM patients with unresectable metastases treated by local surgery at 1-, 3-, and 5 years, which might improve individualized predictions of survival risks and help clinicians formulate treatment plans.

Network meta-analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence.

The best adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) is under debate, with capecitabine supported by weak evidence. Aim of this network meta-analysis is to estimate the efficacy of different phase II/III regimens, comparing monotherapies (gemcitabine or fluoropyrimidines) head-to-head, against observation and combination regimens. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE for phase II/III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) available as of December 2023, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). A frequentist framework employing a random-effects model was applied; treatment rankings were outlined according to P-score, based on direct and indirect evidence. Exploratory subgroup analyses for OS were also performed (primary site, resected margin status and nodal involvement). Six RCTs (1979 total patients) were identified. Fluoropyrimidine monotherapy showed significantly better OS (HR .84 [.72-.97]) and EFS (HR .79 [.69-.91]) than observation, as any monotherapy did (HR .84 [.74-.96]; HR .79 [.70-.89]). In the head-to-head comparison for OS, only S1 confirmed to be superior to observation alone (HR .69 [.49-.98]) while fluoropyrimidines achieved the best P score (.81), similarly to any monotherapy (0.92). Combinations failed to prove superior to monotherapies with respect both to OS and EFS. Subgroup analyses were inconclusive due to results' inconsistency and limited sample size. Our work confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy grants OS and EFS benefit for resected BTC patients. Fluoropyrimidines appeared the most effective option, confirming capecitabine as the preferred choice for the Western population.

NQO1 Triggers Neutrophil Recruitment and NET formation to Drive Lung Metastasis of Invasive Breast Cancer.

Metastasis to the lungs is a leading cause of death for breast cancer patients. Therefore, effective therapies are urgently needed to prevent and treat breast cancer lung metastasis In this study, we uncovered a mechanism by which NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) orchestrates lung metastasis. NQO1 stabilized and upregulated peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (PPIA), a chaperone that regulates protein conformation and activity, by preventing its oxidation at a critical cysteine residue C161. PPIA subsequently activated CD147, a membrane protein that facilitates cell invasion. Moreover, NQO1-induced secretion of PPIA modulated the immune landscape of both primary and lung metastatic sites. Secreted PPIA engaged CD147 on neutrophils and triggered the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and neutrophil elastase, which enhanced tumor progression, invasiveness and lung colonization. Pharmacological targeting of PPIA effectively inhibited NQO1-mediated breast cancer lung metastasis. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized NQO1-PPIA-CD147-NET axis that drives breast cancer lung metastasis. Inhibiting this axis is a potential therapeutic strategy to limit lung metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Intramedullary Metastases to Conus Medullaris: A Review of the Literature with a Case Illustration.

Introduction: Intramedullary metastases to the conus medullaris spinalis (IMCM) pose a rare problem in neurosurgical oncology and are usually encountered as a complicated clinical scenario in the setting of advanced systemic malignancy with poor overall survival. Despite the progress in interdisciplinary oncological care, their management remains complicated. Research Question: We performed a PRISMA-guided literature search to achieve a pooled analysis of all previously reported IMCM cases that contained detailed clinical data on this problem to investigate the currently employed management options and respective outcomes. We obtained a clinical vignette and performed a comprehensive narrative review of IMCM management. Materials and Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE/Google Scholar, Cochrane and Embase databases were systematically searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All relevant publications retrieved were subjected to full-text analysis in detail and pertinent information was extracted. Results: The most common systemic primary tumor site as the origin of IMCM was the lung, followed by the breast. Overall, the pooled median survival was 6 months (range 0.5-36 months). Patients who received both surgery and radiation therapy had the longest overall survival (OS) (mean 9.9 months) and those who received no oncological treatment (neither surgery nor adjuvant therapy) had the shortest OS (mean 3.6 months). In cases where surgical resection was performed as part of the treatment plan for metastases, those with partial tumor resection had a more favorable neurological outcome than patients who underwent aggressive gross total resection. Conclusions: Based on the results of our analysis, we find that diligent microsurgical resection (subtotal or total) followed by radiation therapy appears as an effective and suitable treatment in select patients with IMCM. When surgery is not feasible as part of the treatment algorithm, radiation therapy alone (conventional or radiosurgery) also appears to be a suitable treatment option that confers a benefit to the patient.

Race, Gender, Sexuality, and the Pursuit of Modernity: British Biopower and Female Sexuality in Domestic and Colonial Practice

This paper explores how female sexuality became a primary site for the exercise of British biopolitical regulation as illustrated both in colonial Hong Kong and Singapore, and in domestic practice within the metropole. The application of biopolitical regulation on the subject of female sexuality was based on a discursive production making indissociable the success of the imperial project and the survival of the imperial race and the control of the female body. This discursive production mobilized intersections of race, class, gender, and sexuality through the Victorian cult of domesticity, resulting in a racialization of female sexuality with implications transcending the permeable frontier between the metropole and the colonies. Making “the prostitute” the exemplar of deviant, dangerous, and immoral sexuality had discursive repercussions for female sexuality more broadly; explained in contrast to “the prostitute,” the construction of sexual deviance had implications for understandings of sexual conformity and acceptability both in Victorian society and abroad.

Synchronous or selective removal of nitrate and Cr(VI) by montmorillonite supported sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron: Role of Fe(II) and S0

The reduction process of Cr(VI) and NO3−-N by sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) under coexistence conditions has yet to be investigated. This study innovatively confirmed that NO3−-N and Cr(VI) could be reduced synchronously or selectively by synthesizing diverse montmorillonite-supported S-nZVI (S-nZVI@MMT) to meet different remediation requirements. Concretely speaking, S-nZVI@MMT at low S/Fe could synchronously reduce NO3−-N and Cr(VI) to NH4+-N and Cr(III). S-nZVI@MMT at high S/Fe selectively removed Cr(VI). The vital roles of Fe(II) and S0 in S-nZVI@MMT were clearly revealed. Fe(II) mainly involved in the generation of Fe3O4 during the reaction at low S/Fe, while participating in the transformation of amorphous phases of Fe3O4, FeS, and FeS2 at high S/Fe. The Fe0 and converted Fe3O4 were the primary reactive sites for the synchronous removal of NO3−-N and Cr(VI) while the surface-bound Fe(II) and converted amorphous phases of Fe3O4 and FeSx determined the selective removal of Cr(VI). Meanwhile, the high contents of S0 in S-nZVI@MMT at high S/Fe mediated the generation of FeSx during the reaction and blocked the adsorption and reduction of NO3−-N which was critical for the selective removal of Cr(VI). The variations in the reactive species of S-nZVI@MMT at different S/Fe led to discrepant Cr(VI) reaction pathways. The findings provided new insights and strategies for the practical applicability of S-nZVI. SynopsisStudy provides a new insight into the synchronous/selective removal of Cr(VI) and NO3−-N by S-nZVI to meet the remediation requirements for different application scenarios.

Capturing low-concentration benzene: Design and mechanism of high-performance Cu1-Ox,Ny-C single-atom adsorbents

Common adsorbents, such as active carbons, zeolites, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), struggle to capture low concentrations of benzene. Single-atom adsorbents (SAAs), boasting exceptional atomic utilization efficiency and precisely tailored electronic structures, offer a promising solution. This study first designed Cu1-Ox,Ny-C SAAs and explored their enhanced benzene adsorption through density functional theory (DFT). Particularly, a crucial link between the SA coordination configuration and its affinity for benzene was established. Next, Cu1-Ox,Ny-C was synthesized from the MOF MIL-101(Cr) and extensively characterized using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, etc. to determine the coordination configuration of Cu single atoms. Finally, a thorough evaluation of the Cu1-Ox,Ny-C’ capacity and stability was conducted. Theoretical analysis revealed that Cu single atoms within the Ox,Ny-C matrix act as the primary adsorption sites for benzene. Notably, O and N atoms work synergistically: oxygen atoms promote adsorption, while nitrogen atoms mainly stabilize single-atom sites. Cu1-Ox,Ny-C was successfully synthesized, and characterization revealed that Cu1-O2,N2(trans)-C and Cu1-O3,N1-C were the dominant coordination configurations. Remarkably, despite a fourfold decrease in specific surface area compared to MIL-101(Cr), Cu1-Ox,Ny-C exhibited a threefold increase in chemisorption capacity for low-concentration benzene. Moreover, it exhibits excellent resistance to H2O and can be effectively reused. This study demonstrates a valuable strategy for designing and creating highly efficient SAAs for capturing low concentrations of benzene.

Heterogeneity or change in cell of origin in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas determined using hans algorithm

This study aimed to analyze the heterogeneity or change in cell of origin (COO) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCLs) using the Hans algorithm including 156 patients with multiple DLBCL specimens. COO was detected via immunohistochemical staining for CD10, BCL6, and MUM1. The COO of the main tumor at initial diagnosis was germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB type in 50 (32%) and 106 (68%) patients, respectively. It did not change in 126 patients (81%). However, it changed in 30 patients (19%), from GCB to non-GCB in 12 patients and vice versa in 18 patients. The COO was heterogeneous or changed in 14% of simultaneous samples at other sites during the initial diagnosis, in 7% of primary refractory sites, and in 20% of samples obtained in the relapse phase other than the primary site. Changes in CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 expression were observed in 15%, 23%, and 24% samples, respectively. A low incidence of change in COO was observed in DLBCL with CD10+/BCL6+/MUM1- (4%), CD10-/BCL6-/MUM1+ (3%), and CD10-/BCL6-/MUM1- (0%) patterns, whereas DLBCL with other patterns showed COO changes at rates of 20–37%. In conclusion, COO was heterogeneous or changed in 19% of DLBCL cases. The COO should be re-examined in other biopsy samples to determine the optimal treatment.

A Comprehensive Review of In vitro Testing and Emerging Strategies Employed in Anticancer Drug Discovery Therapy

Cancer is a broad category of diseases characterized through the unchecked proliferation and dissemination of atypical cells. It is among the primary causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The multistage genesis of cancer, which begins with genetic abnormalities that cause normal cells to become malignant, is what gives cancer its complexity. There are several steps involved in the genesis of cancer, including six key cancer distinguishing features known to influence malignant change has been identified. Anticancer drug development is a laborious process that includes numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. In vitro assays provide a foundation for cancer medication development techniques. Numerous in vitro procedures and tests have been developed to analyze every defining aspect of cancer; the choice of a specific in vitro technique or assay is largely based on the research question(s) under investigation. Currently, oncology researchers are attempting to create cancer nanomedicines that are both safe and effective. While nanoparticles have opened up new therapeutic and diagnostic avenues, stem cell treatment has demonstrated potential usefulness in renewing and repairing defective or damaged tissues by tackling primary and metastatic cancer sites. With minimal harm to healthy cells, targeted therapy has the potential to stop the development and propagation of specific cancer cells. In place of open surgery, ablation therapy has become a popular minimally invasive method for destroying or freezing tumors. Naturally occurring antioxidants have demonstrated the ability to find free radicals and counteract their harmful effects, potentially treating or preventing cancer. A number of novel technologies have previously received authorization, and some are presently the subject of clinical trials. This review article's objective is to provide an extensive overview of the state of our knowledge on cancer, covering its causes, kinds, diagnosis, therapy, in vitro assays to screen cancer and most recent scientific developments.

Quality of Life After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC): Cancer Survivors' Perspective Through In-Depth Interviews.

CRS/HIPEC patients face unique quality of life (QoL) challenges due to advanced disease (peritoneal carcinomatosis), the extent of procedure, and risk for long-term complications. Standard QoL questionnaires are generic, focusing on tumor type and standard treatments, and likely do not capture this select population's full experience, suggesting the need for tailored instruments. We aimed to characterize the QoL challenges faced by CRS/HIPEC cancer survivors and determine whether these were captured by astandard QoL questionnaire. An anonymous, semi-structured individual interview was conducted with CRS/HIPEC patients addressing their experience at diagnosis, challenges related to CRS/HIPEC, and access to CRS/HIPEC information. Verbatim transcripts were interpreted using thematic analysis. Code and theme identification was inductive. Questions addressing common themes that were not encompassed by astandard QoL questionnaire were developed. We interviewed eight patients. Median age was 55 (range 30-71) years and 75% (n = 6) were women. Primary tumor sites included appendix (n = 4), ovarian (n = 3), and peritoneal mesothelioma (n = 1). Median time from CRS/HIPEC was 40.1 (range 3.1-216.3) months. Overall, 133 codes were identified and categorized into 9 themes. The most recurring were physical symptoms after CRS/HIPEC (specifically gastrointestinal symptoms), adjusting to survivorship, mental health, expectations from CRS/HIPEC, and access to care. A total of 22 questions that did not overlap with a standardized QoL questionnaire were developed. There is an unmet need to understand the unique QoL challenges CRS/HIPEC patients encounter. Patient-centered QoL questionnaires based on CRS/HIPEC patient experiences can capture these unique challenges and help guide future studies and care.