Primary Scientific Data Research Articles

ВЕЛИКИЕ СТРОЙКИ КОММУНИЗМА В ЗЕРКАЛЕ СОВЕТСКОЙ НОСТАЛЬГИИ

The article examines the evolution of the mythology of the great construction projects of communism in the context of nostalgia for the Soviet. The author shows the specifics of the formation of the mythology of great construction projects in the Soviet media sphere through connection with the basic constructs of the official communist ideology. This mythologem was never able to move into the discourses of historical memory, since the exposure of the cult of personality and mass repressions launched the process of undermining trust in the Soviet mythological pathos of the great construction projects of communism until its complete ideological corrosion during the period of perestroika. However, the specifics of the accumulation of primary scientific data on the history of the economy of forced labor in the USSR pushed into the shadows the real participation in great construction projects not only of the civilian population, but also of Komsomol activists who went en masse to these sites at the call of the Communist Party. The initial conditions of many construction projects were very harsh, and the objects themselves were distinguished not only by their scale, but also by their knowledge intensity, which implied their high technological efficiency. Currently, great Soviet construction projects penetrate into the space of media memory through the digital content of tourists, whomthey attract as a source of unprecedented impressions of exotic sights. The author concludes that in the case of great construction projects, Soviet nostalgia as a cultural movement works with the material, rather than symbolic, dimension of great construction projects, drawing positive connotations to elevate their image within the experience industry.

Ретроспективный анализ чувствительности к лекарственным средствам зоопатогенных моракселл – возбудителей инфекционного кератоконъюнктивита крупного рогатого скота

The growth of antibiotic resistance in circulating bacterial pathogens determines the need for improvement in veterinary approaches to the therapeutic and preventive management of bacterial infections. This study is dedicated to investigating the drift of antibiotic resistance in zoopathogenic Moraxella, the causative agents of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle. The article presents a retrospective analysis of primary scientific data from research groups of foreign authors, compared with our own results on the drug resistance of current epizootic strains of Moraxella bovis and M. bovoculi. The analysis showed that since the 1982 study and ending with the own results obtained at the present time, there has been an increase in the resistance of M. bovis and M. bovoculi to antibiotics. However, a still high level of sensitivity in moraxella is detected for antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin groups, as well as for ampicillin and benzylpenicillin, the studied bacteria were the most sensitive, despite the fact that resistance was recorded for oxacillin and methicillin from the same group.

Microplastic pollution in organic farming development cannot be ignored in China: Perspective of commercial organic fertilizer

Commercial organic fertilizer, an essential fertilizer for developing organic farming in China, has been identified as a potentially important source of microplastics (MPs) on farmland. However, little is known about the occurrence of MPs in commercial organic fertilizers and their potential ecological risks nationwide. Here, stereoscopy and laser-infrared imaging spectrometry were used to comprehensively investigate the abundance, size, type and morphology of MPs in commercial organic fertilizers collected from mainland China, assess the ecological risks, and predict MP contamination. Commercial organic fertilizers contained many MPs (8.88 ×103 to 2.88 ×105 items/kg), especially rich in small-size MPs (<100 µm), accounting for 76.53%. The highest MP pollution load value was observed in fertilizers collected from East China. Chlorinated polyethylene, polyurethane, polyethylene and polypropylene were the dominant MPs with the shape of film and fragment, concentrated in small sizes (<100 µm). The risk index (H-index) of the MPs was used to quantify the ecological risk of the MPs in the different samples, and most of the fertilizers were at level Ⅲ with high risk. Predictably, 2.32 × 1013 - 2.81 × 1016 MPs will accumulate in orchard soils after five years of fertilization, especially in South, Southwest and East China. This study provides primary scientific data on MP pollution in commercial fertilizer and the health development of organic farming.

A Systematic Review of the Neuropathologic Findings of Post-Viral Olfactory Dysfunction: Implications and Novel Insight for the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Post-viral olfactory dysfunction is a common cause of both short- and long-term smell alteration. The coronavirus pandemic further highlights the importance of post-viral olfactory dysfunction. Currently, a comprehensive review of the neural mechanism underpinning post-viral olfactory dysfunction is lacking. To synthesize the existing primary literature related to olfactory dysfunction secondary to viral infection, detail the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, highlight relevance for the current COVID-19 pandemic, and identify high impact areas of future research. PubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies reporting primary scientific data on post-viral olfactory dysfunction. Results were supplemented by manual searches. Studies were categorized into animal and human studies for final analysis and summary. A total of 38 animal studies and 7 human studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There was significant variability in study design, experimental model, and outcome measured. Viral effects on the olfactory system varies significantly based on viral substrain but generally include damage or alteration in components of the olfactory epithelium and/or the olfactory bulb. The mechanism of post-viral olfactory dysfunction is highly complex, virus-dependent, and involves a combination of insults at multiple levels of the olfactory pathway. This will have important implications for future diagnostic and therapeutic developments for patients infected with COVID-19.

Creation and Development of Comfortable Information Environment of Science at the University: Library Contribution

The objective of the study was identification of essential characteristics of a comfortable information environment of science and determining the role of the University library in its creation and development. Methods. The information base of the research consists of the publications of researchers and specialists on the problems under study, as well as of the results obtained during the research works of the authors of the article; both were interpreted by the authors and set out in the context of the research objective. Results. The findings are the presented analysis of definitions of the notions of "information environment", "information environment of science", "comfort of information environment". Essential characteristics of comfortable information environment of science are featured. The practical value of the research is the applicability of the results to the work of other University libraries. Conclusions. It is stated that the Belarusian National Technical University Scientific library makes a significant contribution to the creation and development of a comfortable information environment of science of the University by means of the introduction into practice of such activities as: information support of applied research and experimental development carried out in a number of priority areas of scientific and technical activities in the Republic of Belarus, the creation and maintenance of open access resources, the formation of the needs of scientists and researchers in primary scientific data, advisory work on researchers registration in various systems of identification of author profiles, bibliometric research.

Vanadium in Biological Action: Chemical, Pharmacological Aspects, and Metabolic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus

Vanadium compounds have been primarily investigated as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various major health issues, including cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. The translation of vanadium-based compounds into clinical trials and ultimately into disease treatments remains hampered by the absence of a basic pharmacological and metabolic comprehension of such compounds. In this review, we examine the development of vanadium-containing compounds in biological systems regarding the role of the physiological environment, dosage, intracellular interactions, metabolic transformations, modulation of signaling pathways, toxicology, and transport and tissue distribution as well as therapeutic implications. From our point of view, the toxicological and pharmacological aspects in animal models and humans are not understood completely, and thus, we introduced them in a physiological environment and dosage context. Different transport proteins in blood plasma and mechanistic transport determinants are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of different vanadium species and the role of physiological factors (i.e., pH, redox conditions, concentration, and so on) are considered. Mechanistic specifications about different signaling pathways are discussed, particularly the phosphatases and kinases that are modulated dynamically by vanadium compounds because until now, the focus only has been on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a vanadium target. Particular emphasis is laid on the therapeutic ability of vanadium-based compounds and their role for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, specifically on that of vanadate- and polioxovanadate-containing compounds. We aim at shedding light on the prevailing gaps between primary scientific data and information from animal models and human studies.

The Virtuous Cycle of a Data Ecosystem.

Digital data of all types are being created at an ever-increasing rate, doubling approximately every two years. Annual data creation rates are estimated to reach 44 trillion gigabytes by 2020 [1]. Similarly, the rate at which primary scientific data are being collected is accelerating [2]. This astounding growth in scientific data creation has led to the contemporary discussion of scientific data sharing policies. Many of the criticisms levied against data sharing have focused on practical issues such as the economics and logistics of data storage, technical challenges for doing so, or appropriate attribution of credit [2–9]. In contrast, the arguments in favor of data sharing have focused largely on scientific replication, reproducibility [10], facilitation of collaborative research, and increased citations for publications that share data [11]. This is largely an ethical argument wherein there is an obligation to share data collected using public funds [3–6,12,13]. Rather than focusing on the much-discussed arguments against data sharing—cost, infrastructure, curation, privacy, and attribution/credit concerns—in this Perspective, I outline the overlooked benefits of data sharing: novel remixing and combining as well as bias minimization and meta-analysis. I argue that we must consider the weight of the costs against the true value of the possible benefits. If the decision for any individual researcher, university, or funding agency to implement data sharing policies comes down to a cost—benefit analysis based solely on replication versus storage, the cost—benefit analysis may be artificially tipped in favor of not sharing data caused by overlooking more subtle—but critical—benefits. These hidden benefits of data remixing cannot be appreciated when considering each individual dataset as an independent entity, and thus a richer consideration of those benefits is warranted. Although there is some evidence that, on the local scale, research groups may not make use of shared data [14], in this Perspective, I outline the ways in which research groups are beginning to take advantage of open data in novel, and sometimes surprising, ways. Rather than arguing for a centralized, large-scale data repository, I am advocating for a more organic development wherein we, institutionally, encourage the growth of a data ecosystem. This can be done via multiple venues, such as the general scientific data sharing sites figshare (https://figshare.com/) or the Dryad Digital Repository (http://datadryad.org/), each of which, in addition to Nature Publishing Group’s recently launched peer-reviewed data sharing journal, Scientific Data [15], provides citable Digital Object Identifiers for the data themselves. Such developments are addressing concerns regarding credit and help motivate data curation and contextualization. A data sharing ecosystem provides space for multiple diverse datasets to intermingle to encourage new, multidisciplinary discoveries for current and future scientists.

サッカー選手の判断に伴う中枢情報処理能力の評価

Primary scientific data for evaluating information processing ability of the central nervous system that are associated with decision making was investigated in football players, by using event-related potentials (ERP; N200, P300) and reaction times. Participants were college football players who were winners of the all Japan university championship (n=8; Elites) and 8 graduate students with no football experience (n=8; Novices). They used an oddball paradigm consisting of a simple visual stimulus (Choice Reaction Task 1: CRT1) and an oddball paradigm consisting of a complex visual stimulus (Choice Reaction Task 2: CRT2). Results indicated that Elites had a significantly shorter reaction time than Novices in the CRT2. This finding corroborated many previous studies, and indicated that reaction times of Elites were faster than Novices. In addition, ERP (N200 and P300) was observed in all participants and there were no significant differences between the two groups in N200, or P300 latencies in the CRT1. However, Elites showed latencies that were significantly shorter than Novices in the CRT2. These results indicated that the process of evaluating and classifying stimuli was faster in Elites, suggesting that information processing ability of Elites was superior to Novices. In conclusion, this study identified basic scientific data on reaction times and ERP associated with evaluating information that are indicative of central nervous system processing ability associated with decision making by football players.

DOI for geoscience data - how early practices shape present perceptions

The first minting of Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) for research data happened in 2004 in the context of the project “Publication and citation of primary scientific data” (STD-DOI). Some of the concepts and perceptions about DOI for data today have their roots in the way this project implemented DOI for research data and the decisions made in those early days still shape the discussion about the use of persistent identifiers for research data today. This project also laid the foundation for a tighter integration of journal publications and data. Promoted by early adopters, such as PANGAEA, DOI registration for data has reached a high level of maturity and has become an integral part of scientific publishing. This paper discusses the fundamental concepts applied in the identification of DOI for research data and how these can be interpreted for alternative and future applications of persistent identifiers for research data.

RETRACTION - A contribution to the Ichneumoninae fauna of Sicily (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae)

We herein joint refer to the publication: Matthias Riedel, Salvatore Tomarchio (2012) A contribution to the Ichneumoninae fauna of Sicily (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae), Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 144 (3): 125-135, for properly retract the article according to the “Guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics” (COPE, 2009). The reasons for invoking the retraction of the subject paper are based on an unethical approach for the use of the primary scientific data sources. in fact, the data taken from Turrisi G.F. collection (full property of Turrisi G.F. and only temporarily stored at Zsm-Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen, Germany) have been used without the previous permission of the rightful owner and without taking into account the ongoing researches on the same material by G.F. Turrisi, belonging to a well raised project in cooperation with the staff at Zsm, namely with Prof. Klaus Schoenitzer and dr Erich Diller, as stated by official published publication and documented stages attended by Turrisi G.F. at Zsm. Both the Authors, according with Turrisi G.F., agree to invalidate the publication by Riedel &amp; Tomarchio (2012) according the ethic law, in order to establish the rightness for the use of the data and to release the two authors from any responsibility for improper use of the scientific data of Turrisi G.F. entomological collection.

Contrasts and synergies in different biofuel reports

The societal debate on biofuels is characterised by increased complexity. This can hinder the effective governance of the field. This paper attempts a quantitative bird's eye meta-analysis of this complexity by mapping different stakeholder perspectives and expected outcomes as seen in the secondary literature on biofuels, along the lines of the People-Planet-Profit framework. Our analysis illustrates the tension between stated and actual drivers of large scale biofuel development, especially for first generation biofuels. Although environmental (Planet) aspects have dominated the biofuel debate, their overall assessment is mostly negative with regard to first generation biofuels. By contrast, economic (Profit) aspects are the only ones that are assessed positively with regard to first generation biofuels. Furthermore, positive and negative assessments of biofuel development are strongly influenced by the differences in focus between different stakeholder clusters. Stakeholders who appear generally supportive to biofuel development (industry) focus relatively more on aspects that are generally assessed as positive (Profit). By contrast, non-supportive stakeholders (NGO's) tend to focus mainly on aspects that are generally assessed as negative (Planet). Moreover, our analysis of reference lists revealed few citations of primary scientific data, and also that intergovernmental organizations produce the most influential publications in the debate. The surprising lack of listed references to scientific (primary) data reveals a need to assess in which arena the transition of scientific data towards secondary publications takes place, and how one can measure its quality. This work should be understood as a first effort to take some control over a complex and contradictory number of publications, and to allow the effective governance of the field through the identification of areas of overlapping consensus and persisting controversy, without reverting to claims on technical detail.

The Collage Authoring Environment

Abstract The Collage Authoring Environment is a software infrastructure which enables domain scientists to collaboratively develop and publish their work in the form of executable papers. It corresponds to the recent developments in both e-Science and computational technologies which call for a novel publishing paradigm. As part of this paradigm, static content (such as traditional scientific publications) should be supplemented with elements of interactivity, enabling reviewers and readers to reexamine the reported results by executing parts of the software on which such results are based as well as access primary scientific data. Taking into account the presented rationale we propose an environment which enables authors to seamlessly embed chunks of executable code (called assets) into scientific publications and allow repeated execution of such assets on underlying computing and data storage resources, as required by scientists who wish to build upon the presented results. The Collage Authoring Environment can be deployed on arbitrary resources, including those belonging to high performance computing centers, scientific e-Infrastructures and resources contributed by the scientists themselves. The environment provides access to static content, primary datasets (where exposed by authors) and executable assets. Execution features are provided by a dedicated engine (called the Collage Server) and embedded into an interactive view delivered to readers, resembling a traditional research publication but interactive and collaborative in its scope. Along with a textual description of the Collage environment the authors also present a prototype implementation, which supports the features described in this paper. The functionality of this prototype is discussed along with theoretical assumptions underpinning the proposed system.

Towards a data publishing framework for primary biodiversity data: challenges and potentials for the biodiversity informatics community

BackgroundCurrently primary scientific data, especially that dealing with biodiversity, is neither easily discoverable nor accessible. Amongst several impediments, one is a lack of professional recognition of scientific data publishing efforts. A possible solution is establishment of a 'Data Publishing Framework' which would encourage and recognise investments and efforts by institutions and individuals towards management, and publishing of primary scientific data potentially on a par with recognitions received for scholarly publications.DiscussionThis paper reviews the state-of-the-art of primary biodiversity data publishing, and conceptualises a 'Data Publishing Framework' that would help incentivise efforts and investments by institutions and individuals in facilitating free and open access to biodiversity data. It further postulates the institutionalisation of a 'Data Usage Index (DUI)', that would attribute due recognition to multiple players in the data collection/creation, management and publishing cycle.ConclusionWe believe that institutionalisation of such a 'Data Publishing Framework' that offers socio-cultural, legal, technical, economic and policy environment conducive for data publishing will facilitate expedited discovery and mobilisation of an exponential increase in quantity of 'fit-for-use' primary biodiversity data, much of which is currently invisible.