Primary Renal Carcinoid Tumor Research Articles

Solitary late metastasis of primary renal cell carcinoid tumor to the extraocular muscles imaged with indium-111 octreotide

A 75-year-old male presented with right eye pain and proptosis. His history was significant for renal cell carcinoma treated with left nephrectomy 2 years previously. Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated a 1.6-cm enhancing lesion in the right retrobulbar space. Surgical biopsy revealed a low-grade metastatic carcinoid tumor. At retrospective review, the primary renal lesion from 2 years prior was rediagnosed as consistent with a renal carcinoid tumor. Indium-111 octreotide single photon emission CT/CT imaging demonstrated a solitary metastasis within the right extraocular muscles. The patient subsequently developed additional metastases within the remaining right kidney and lung.

WITHDRAWN: Double primary carcinoid tumors of the kidney

Abstract Primary renal carcinoid tumor is extremely rare. Because of its similar presentation with other renal tumors, 14.5% were initially misdiagnosed. A 37-year-old female was referred to our department due to incidentally finding of left kidney tumor by sonography. She didn't present flank pain or gross hematuria, also absence of positive physical findings. The patient's general blood routine, urine routine, and renal function examination were all within normal limits. Abdomen computed tomography showed two soft tissue mass within left kidney. The larger renal tumor was about 3.8 cm in size, mild contrast enhancement and small cystic foci abutting renal sinus. The smaller renal mass was exophytic with same image characteristics. The subsequent kidney magnetic resonance imaging reported two lesions had persistent high diffusion-weighted imaging signal intensity, which strongly favor solid neoplasm. Differential diagnosis included renal cell carcinioma, benign adenoma and Wilm's tumor. Hence, frozen section of the smaller renal nodule was sent for pathologist, and it reported no evidence of obvious malignancy. We later performed open partial nephrectomy. The final pathology reported two well-differentiated grade 1 neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors. Immunohistochemistry showed these two lesions were strong positive for synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but negative for WT-1 and vimentin, which were consistent with features of neuroendocrine tumor. Two weeks after operation, patient's serum creatinine was within normal limits. Abdomen computed tomography reported no specific lymph node involvement after 6 months. Primary renal carcinoid tumors are usually found incidentally, and nephron-sparing surgery whenever possible remains the standard treatment of choice.

Kidney carcinoid tumor: Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features

ABSTRACTPrimary carcinoid tumor of the kidney is uncommon. Only limited morphologic studies have been reported in the literature. In general, renal carcinoid tumor reveals typical morphological features as present in carcinoid tumors in the other organs, i.e. growing as trabeculae intermixed with nests of monotonous cuboidal cells that show “salt and pepper” nuclear appearance. As reported in other organs, different morphological expressions may also present in renal carcinoid tumors, such as papillary, pseudoglandular or solid growth patterns and clear/eosinophilic cytoplasmic changes. These morphological variations may mimic other benign and malignant primary neoplasms in the kidney. Therefore, in some cases, ancillary studies are necessary or even crucial to differentiate carcinoid tumors from other primary renal neoplasms.Herewith, we report two primary renal carcinoid tumors with long follow-up, one showed typical morphological features of carcinoid tumor, and the second one revealed some uncommon histological findings. To differentiate these carcinoid tumors from other primary renal neoplasms and confirm neuroendocrine differentiation, immunohistochemical studies are valuable. In case 2 immunohistochemical stain results were not definitive and electron microscopy was performed confirming the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor.

Neuroendocrine tumors of the kidneys

The 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal cancer includes renal carcinoid and neuroendocrine cancer of the kidneys in the group of primary renal neuroendocrine tumors. The histological features of primary renal carcinoids are similar to those of neuroendocrine tumors found in other anatomical locations. Primary carcinoid tumors of the kidneys are frequently misdiagnosed as other kidney cancers, such as papillary renal cell carcinoma, mesonephric tumors, Wilms tumor (WT) and undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining results are consistent with the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor with immunoreactivity for synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Positive expression of CD99 can also be seen. There is mainly absence of WT1, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, thyroid transcription factor (TTF1) and LCA, ruling out most other differential diagnoses. Renal carcinoid tumors are regarded as low-grade neuroendocrine tumors; however, many studies have demonstrated metastatic disease in patients with renal carcinoid tumors. The prognostic value of histological parameters is uncertain. Some studies have correlated poor patient prognosis with increased mitotic activity, presence of necrosis and cytological atypia. Cases with higher mitotic rates of > 2 mitoses/10 high power fields (HPF) developed metastases more frequently; therefore, the WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors used in other organs is recommended for primary renal carcinoid tumors.

A case of primary renal carcinoid tumor.

Primary renal carcinoid tumors are extremely rare kidney lesions, with fewer than 100 reported cases previously. We describe a 75-year-old man with an incidentally detected cystic renal mass. Computed tomography showed a 3 cm tumor with a cystic component enhanced with contrast. No evidence of metastasis was detected. We treated the patient with radical nephrectomy. Pathological examinations revealed a cellular arrangement specific to carcinoid tumor and positive for chromogranin A, neural cell adhesion molecule, and somatostatin receptor type 2. The tumor cells had a mitotic count of 4 mitoses/10 high-power fields, and the level of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was 5%. The pathological diagnosis was renal neuroendocrine tumor grade 2. No local recurrence and no systemic metastasis were detected during the 18-month follow-up period. To our knowledge, this is the 6th case of renal neuroendocrine grade 2 tumor reported thus far.

Primary renal carcinoid tumor in horseshoe kidney: a case report

Primary carcinoid tumor of the kidney is a very rare entity (< 1%). About 90 cases have been reported in the literature. Carcinoid tumors appear over-represented in horseshoe kidneys compared with normal renal anatomy. Herein, we reported a 33-year-old male with primary renal carcinoid tumor arising from a horseshoe kidney. The tumor showed nests and trabeculea of uniformly polygonal cells separated by vascular stroma. The cells have fine uniform nuclei and scanty to moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. No mitosis was seen. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and neuroendocrine cell marker, synaptophysin, but negative for chromogranin A. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of primary renal carcinoid tumor arising from a horseshoe kidney in Egypt and the 19th in the literature.

Primary renal carcinoid tumor: A radiologic review

Carcinoid tumor is the classic famous anonym of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Primary renal carcinoid tumors are extremely rare, first described by Resnick and colleagues in 1966, with fewer than a total of 100 cases reported in the literature. Thus, given the paucity of cases, the clinical and histological behavior is not well understood, impairing the ability to predict prognosis. Computed tomography and (occasionally) octreotide studies are used in the diagnosis and followup of these rare entites. A review of 85 cases in the literature shows that no distinctive imaging features differentiate them from other primary renal masses. The lesions tend to demonstrate a hypodense appearance and do not usually enhance in the arterial phases, but can occasionally calcify. Octreotide scans do not seem to help in the diagnosis; however, they are more commonly used in the postoperative followup. In addition, we report a new case of primary renal carcinoid in a horseshoe kidney.

Primary renal carcinoid tumor: A rare cystic renal neoplasm

We present the case of a 21-year-old man with an incidentally detected cystic renal mass. A well-defined, solid mass measuring approximately 8 cm x 6 cm with a cystic component was identified in the left kidney by abdominal multidetector computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography. The mass was well-enhanced on the corticomedullary CT phase and washout of enhancement occurred on the nephrographic phase. The mass contained peripheral wall and septal calcifications in the cystic component. The lesion was resected and diagnosed as a primary renal carcinoid tumor. Primary carcinoid tumors of the kidney are extremely rare. This case is notable because of the rarity of this neoplasm and its unique radiologic and pathologic findings. A review of previously reported cases in the literature is also presented.

Primary renal carcinoid tumor

Primary renal carcinoid tumor is extremely rare and, therefore, its pathogenesis and prognosis is not well known. We report a primary renal carcinoid in a 26-year-old man treated by radical nephrectomy.

Primary Renal Carcinoid Tumor: A Case Report

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.2411 Received: 18.03.2014 Accepted: 07.04.2014 Printed: 01.08.2013 J Clin Anal Med 2013;4(suppl 4): 414-6 Corresponding Author: Mehmet Karabakan, Ulku Mah. Talatpasa Blv. B Blok 3. Kat Sihhiye, Altindag, Ankara, Turkiye. GSM: +905367678034 E-Mail: karabakanm@hotmail.com, mkarabakan@yandex.com Ozet Primer renal karsinoid tumor, noroendokrin hucrelerden koken alan oldukca nadir gorulen bir neoplazmdir. Bu kadar nadir gorulmesi nedeniyle immunohistokimyasal karakteristigi net olarak ortaya konulamamistir. Vakamizda;23 yasinda erkek hastanin rastlantisal olarak saptanan sag renal kitlesi mevcuttu, sag radikal nefrektomi uygulandi. Postoperatif 22 aylik takiplerinde hastada metastaz veya nukse rastlanmadi.

A Novel Case of Concurrent Renal Tumors

Renal cell carcinoma of chromophobe type is a malignant neoplasm with characteristic large cells that exhibit prominent cell membranes. Primary renal carcinoid tumors are rare tumors with the histological appearance similar to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors at other sites. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation is exceedingly rare. The authors describe a case of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor of the kidney presenting as distinct masses in the same kidney in a 34-year-old male. The histologic and immunohistochemical features of both the tumors were characteristic with no overlapping features. The carcinoid tumor presented at a higher stage with nodal metastasis. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of 2 morphologically distinct tumors, one chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and the other primary carcinoid tumor in the same kidney.

Primary renal carcinoid tumors: clinicopathologic features of 9 cases with emphasis on novel immunohistochemical findings

Primary renal carcinoid tumors are rare neoplasms. Because of the rarity of these neoplasms, clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics have not been fully characterized. Immunohistochemistry for renal cell lineage transcription factors, such as paired box gene 2 and paired box gene 8, has not been studied in renal carcinoid tumors and may be useful in demonstrating nephrogenic differentiation. We studied the clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical features in 9 primary renal carcinoid tumors from multiple institutions with particular emphasis on immunohistochemical findings, in particular, expression of paired box gene 2 and paired box gene 8. All 9 cases expressed at least 1 neuroendocrine marker (CD56, synaptophysin, chromogranin). The renal-associated (paired box gene 2/paired box gene 8), gastrointestinal (caudal-related homeobox-2), and pulmonary/thyroid (thyroid transcription factor-1) transcription factors were not expressed in renal carcinoids (0/9). Of interest, CD99 was expressed in 8 of 9 cases, with the one negative case representing an atypical carcinoid. Perinephric extension and nodal and distant metastases are common. The absence of expression of paired box gene 2 and paired box gene 8, although not conclusive, supports the theory that these are derived from nonnephrogenic elements. CD99 was expressed in almost all cases (8/9); recognition of this could prevent misdiagnosis of a renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

Primary Renal Carcinoid Tumor Presenting as an Unusual Calcific Mass

Primary Renal Carcinoid Tumor Presenting as an Unusual Calcific Mass

Primary Renal Carcinoid Tumor With Multiple Metastases

Primary renal carcinoid tumors are extremely rare lesions of the kidney, with fewer than 60 cases reported previously. Here, we present the case of a 46-year-old man who had primary renal carcinoid tumor with multiple liver, para-aortic lymph node and bony metastases when he was diagnosed initially. In consideration of life quality, we performed cytoreductive surgery only. In the following year, the patient did not have any severe cancer-related morbidity.

Tumor carcinoide renal primario

Primary renal carcinoid tumors are very rare, so their characteristic imaging findings have not been well defined. We describe the case of a man with a large right renal mass associated to a retroperitoneal lymph-node conglomerate. Increased urine concentrations of 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid and the histologic findings led to the diagnosis of primary renal carcinoid tumor. We review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and findings at ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance image for primary renal carcinoid tumors.

Primary renal carcinoid tumor with a mucinous cystadenoma element

Primary renal carcinoid tumor with a mucinous cystadenoma element

Primary Renal Carcinoid Tumor

Hae Pyoung Seo, Dae Eun Shin, Dong Hun Lim, Hyoung Yun Muhn, Chul Sung Kim From the Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea Carcinoid tumors are low-grade malignant tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells. Primary renal carcinoid tumors are extremely rare, and only 56 cases have been reported in the literature. Because of the rarity of the lesion, its histogenesis and prognosis are unclear. Here we report a case of a primary renal carcinoid tumor in a 51-year-old man that was found incidentally in a medical examination and was treated by transperitoneal radical nephrectomy. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:293-295) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏

Carcinoid tumor of the kidney: An unusual renal tumor

Carcinoid tumors are low-grade malignant tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells. Primary renal carcinoid is extremely rare. We present a case of 57-year-old male with primary renal carcinoid tumor. Presently, the patient is on regular follow up and is doing well.

Surgical treatment of a rare primary renal carcinoid tumor with liver metastasis

BackgroundCarcinoid tumors are characteristically low grade malignant neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation that arise in various body sites, most commonly the lung and gastrointestinal tract, but less frequently the kidneys, breasts, ovaries, testes, prostate and other locations. We report a case of a carcinoid of renal origin with synchronous single liver metastases on radiological studies.Case presentationA 45 year-old patient who presented with abdominal pain was found on CT scan to have lesions in the right ovary, right kidney, and left hepatic lobe. CA-125, CEA, and CA 19-9 were within normal limits, as were preoperative liver function tests and renal function. Biopsy of the liver mass demonstrated metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. At laparotomy, the patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, radical right nephrectomy with lymphadenectomy, and left hepatectomy. Pathology evaluation reported a right ovarian borderline serous tumor, well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney (carcinoid) with 2 positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and a single liver metastasis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that this lesion was positive for synaptophysin and CD56, but negative for chromogranin as well as CD10, CD7, and CD20, consistent with a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. She is doing well one year after her initial surgery, with no evidence of tumor recurrence.ConclusionEarly surgical intervention, together with careful surveillance and follow-up, can achieve successful long-term outcomes in patients with this rare malignancy.

Primary metastatic renal metastatic carcinoid tumor in a young male patient: a contribution to the differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors

Primary metastatic renal metastatic carcinoid tumor in a young male patient: a contribution to the differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors