Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Strategy Research Articles

Reperfusion strategies on the clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients over 80 years old in China

Abstract Aims This study aims to explore the efficacy of reperfusion strategies on the clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients over 80 years old in China. Methods and results A retrospective cohort study was performed on STEMI patients over 80 years old who underwent reperfusion strategies and no reperfusion between January 2014 and December 2021, based on the Chinese Cardiovascular Association (CCA) Database-Chest Pain Center. This study included a total of 42,699 patients (mean age 84.1 ± 3.6 years, 52.2% male), among whom 19,280 (45.2%) underwent no reperfusion, 20,924 (49.0%) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 2495 (5.8%) underwent thrombolytic therapy. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that patients who underwent primary PCI strategy showed a significantly lower risk of in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.67, P < 0.001] and the composite outcome (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79–0.87, P < 0.001) compared to those who received no reperfusion. In contrast, patients with thrombolytic therapy exhibited a non-significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86–1.14, P = 0.890) and a significantly elevated risk of the composite outcome (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.27, P = 0.004). During a median follow-up of 6.7 months post-hospital admission, there was a percentage 31.4% of patients died, and patients in the primary PCI group consistently demonstrated a reduced incidence of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.56–0.61, P < 0.001). Conclusion STEMI patients over 80 years old who underwent the primary PCI strategy are more likely to have favourable clinical outcomes compared to those who received no reperfusion, whereas thrombolytic therapy warrants careful assessment and monitoring.

Efficacy and Safety of a Pharmaco-Invasive Strategy Using Half-Dose Recombinant Human Prourokinase in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction During Hospitalization.

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of pharmaco-invasive strategy with half-dose recombinant human prourokinase (PHDP) during hospitalization for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to provide references for the treatment of STEMI. Patients with STEMI who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and attended Chengde Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China, between September 3, 2019, and December 28, 2021, were included in this study. The experimental group received PHDP and the control group underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). This study enrolled 150 patients with STEMI, 75 in the experimental group and 75 in the control group. Coronary angiography revealed successful thrombolysis in 64 (85.33%) patients. Compared with the control group, the experimental group had shorter first medical contact-reperfusion time (P < 0.001), less slow flow/no-reflow (P < 0.001), and a lower utilization rate of Tirofiban (P < 0.001). Validity endpoints: no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Safety endpoints: no statistically significant differences between bleeding and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), but the experimental group was more prone to arrhythmias (P = 0.040), particularly premature ventricular beats (PVB) (P = 0.008). In conclusion, the efficacy and safety of PHDP in the treatment of patients with STEMI were positive. Complete epicardial and myocardial reperfusion rates, risk for bleeding during hospitalization, and incidence of MACCEs were similar to those of the PPCI strategy. Although the PHDP group has a higher incidence of PVB, it does not increase the incidence of malignant arrhythmia. This study aimed to provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of STEMI in hospitals without adequate PPCI resources condition.

In Hospital Outcome of Pharmaco-invasive Therapy versus Primary PCI In ST-segment elevation Myocardial Infarction in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background &amp; Objectives: In many low middle income countries (LMIC), it is difficult to treat patients with ST-segment elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) with timely PPCI. Thus, many undergo fibrinolysis. Whether early fibrinolysis followed by timely coronary angiography provides a clinical outcome similar to that of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) after acute STEMI in LMIC settings remains a question. In this observational study we primarily aimed to compare in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI versus pharmaco-invasive strategy (immediate fibrinolysis followed by coronary angiography with possible PCI within 3-24 hours) for reperfusion in eligible patients with STEMI at a tertiary cardiac care center. Methods: This prospective observational study was done in Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital &amp; Research Institute, Dhaka from April 2022 to July 2022 where consecutive patients presenting with STEMI were enrolled and divided into two groups: those who underwent primary PCI (Group-I) and those who underwent immediate fibrinolysis with subsequent coronary angiography with PCI within 3 to 24 hours (Group-II). The main outcomes analyzed were all-cause death, cardiogenic shock, acute left ventricular failure, life threating arrhythmia, acute stent thrombosis, CVD, Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), re-infarction, target-vessel revascularization, and major bleeding up to 7 days. Results: A total 122 patients presented with acute STEMI, 61 in each group. One group underwent primary PCI and another group treated with fibrinolysis by tenecteplase. The mean age of the studied patients was 53.86±9.72 years (range 18-75 years). Eighteen percent of patients presented with Extensive Anterior MI,19.7% showed Anterior MI, 21.3% showed Antero-septal MI, 21.3% showed Inferior MI, 9.8% showed Inferior with posterior and 3.3% showed Lateral MI. 35.5% had Single vessel disease, 31.1% had double vessel disease,28.7% had triple vessel disease, LM with LAD was 0.8% and 0.8% had recanalized infarct related artery in both groups overall. In group-I 45.9% of PPCI were undertaken in LAD and 32.8% patient. of group-II was done PCI in LAD. There were no significant differences between two groups in primary outcome and mortality. Conclusion: Immediate fibrinolysis followed by coronary angiography within 3-24 hours resulted in similar short-term outcomes in patients with STEMI compared to PPCI. Our study suggests that, compared with PPCI, fibrinolysis performed in the hospital setting is associated with similar mortality rates, acute CVD, CIN and acute left ventricular failure in with PPCI than STEMI. University Heart Journal 2023; 19(1): 10-14

The impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategies during ST-elevation myocardial infarction on the prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common complication of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and can lead to adverse cardiovascular events. This is a non-randomized, observational, prospective study of STEMI patients with multivessel disease who underwent primary PCI, grouped based on whether they underwent balloon pre-dilatation stenting or direct stenting of the culprit lesion. Coronary physiology measurements were performed 3 months post-PCI including coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) measurements at the culprit vessel. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of CMD at 3 months, defined as IMR ≥ 25 or CFR < 2.0 with a normal fractional flow reserve. Secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 12 months. Two hundred ten patients were enrolled; most were men, 125 (59.5%), with a median age of 65 years. One hundred twelve (53.2%) underwent balloon pre-dilatation before stenting, and 98 (46.7%) underwent direct stenting. The prevalence of CMD at 3 months was lower in the direct stenting group than in the balloon pre-dilatation stenting group (12.24% vs. 40.18%; p < 0.001). Aspiration thrombectomy and administration of intracoronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were associated with lower odds of CMD (OR = 0.175, p = 0.001 and OR = 0.113, p = 0.001, respectively). Notably, MACE in patients who underwent direct stenting was lower than in those who underwent balloon pre-dilatation before stenting (14.29% vs. 26.79%; p = 0.040). In STEMI patients with multivessel disease, direct stenting of the culprit lesion, aspiration thrombectomy and administration of intracoronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were associated with a lower prevalence of CMD at 3 months and lower incidence of MACE at 12 months compared with balloon pre-dilatation stenting.This trial is registered at https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT05406297.

The impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategies during st-elevation myocardial infarction on the prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction

Abstract Introduction Up to 20% of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) continue to have persistent angina, which is considered to be a significant side effect of reperfusion therapy and is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Purpose To determine if there is a correlation between the technique employed in primary PCI in STEMI patients and the prevalence of CMD after reperfusion. Methods This is a prospective single-blinded observational cohort study conducted in a tertiary cardiac care center in the republic of Lithuania. The study enrolled STEMI patients with multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent primary PCI. Three months later, participants underwent staged PCI of their non-culprit vessels and evaluation for CMD. CMD was defined as an index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) value ≥ 25 U and a coronary flow reserve (CFR) value &amp;lt; 2.5 U. PCI technique, such as direct stenting or conventional stenting (balloon angioplasty followed by stenting), aspiration thrombectomy, and intracoronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor administration, were prospectively documented. We tested for overall differences in patient characteristics and outcomes between groups using Chi-Square (or Kruskal-Wallis) tests and used the Holm-Bonferroni adjustment (or Dunn's tests) for subsequent pairwise tests. We also performed logistic regression. Results 200 patients were enrolled, with 96 (48%) and 104 (52%), respectively, undergoing direct and conventional stenting. The median age was 65.5 [58, 76] years, most patients were men (59.5%) and 46 patients (23%) met criteria for CMD. Baseline characteristics and risk factors were similar between those with and without CMD. Patients who underwent direct stenting were less likely to suffer from CMD compared to those who underwent conventional stenting (10 (10.4%) vs 36 (34.6%); p &amp;lt; 0.001). In the logistic multivariable analysis, direct stenting, aspiration thrombectomy, and administrations of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa had a ROC AUC of 0.765, indicating good predictive ability. In this particular model, direct stenting, aspiration thrombectomy, and the administration of an intracoronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor were associated with decreased odds of the presence of CMD (OR: 0.193, 95% CI: 0.087-0.430, p &amp;lt; 0.001), (OR: 0.243, 95% CI: 0.086-0.688, p = 0.008), and (OR: 0.200, 95% CI: 0.065-0.620, p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusion In STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, direct stenting is associated with reduced prevalence of CMD compared with conventional stenting. Furthermore, performing aspiration thrombectomy and administering a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor was also associated with a lower prevalence of CMD.Forest plot for the outcome of CMDROC for the model of CMD

Coronary angiography after cardiac arrest.

Acute coronary syndromes represent the commonest cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in adults. Coronary angiography (CAG) followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been established as the treatment strategy for these patients. In this review, we aim first to discuss the potential risks and expected benefits from it, the caveats in its implementation, and the current tools for patient selection. Then summarize the recent evidence on the group of patients without ST-segment elevation on post-return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) ECG. The implementation of this strategy still shows a wide variation among the various systems of care.The presence of ST-segment elevation on post-ROSC ECG remains the most reliable tool for patient selection for immediate CAG.A primary PCI strategy is currently recommended for patients with ST-segment elevation on post-ROSC ECG regardless of the conscious state of patients.Recently several randomised studies including patients without ST-segment elevation on post-ROSC ECG showed no benefit with immediate CAG compared to delayed/ elective CAG. This has led to a substantial although not uniform change in current recommendations. Recent studies show no benefit with immediate CAG in groups of patients without ST-segment elevation on post-ROSC ECG. Further refinements in selecting the appropriate patients for immediate CAG seem necessary.

Hemoglobin Level as a Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Short-term Outcomes in Stemi Patient Treated with Pharmacoinvasive Strategy versus Primary PCI

Background: Anaemia is prevalent among cases with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and has been linked to poor clinical prognosis. Guidelines for cases with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) recommend timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) as the preferred reperfusion strategy. If timely pPCI cannot be performed, a pharmacoinvasive strategy (PI) is recommended within 12 hours of symptom onset. The aim of this work was to study and assess the impact of hemoglobin level as a predictor of MACE and short-term outcomes in cases treated with Primary PCI vs pharmacoinvasive strategy.&#x0D; Methods: This prospective case-control observational study was conducted on 100 cases that were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 50 anaemic cases &amp; group II consisted of 50 cases that were not anaemic. Both groups were subdivided into A subgroups that underwent revascularization by pPCI and B subgroups that underwent revascularization by pharmacoinvasive strategy.&#x0D; Results: There was no significant difference in LVEF, infarct site and final TIMI flow, the anaemic groups showed statistically significant more total MACE than non-anaemic groups whether revascularized by pPCI or pharmacoinvasive strategy. As expected, anaemic cases tended to have higher bleeding complications especially those undergoing pharmacoinvasive strategy. The anaemic cases also were less likely to be discharged on RAAS and beta blockers.&#x0D; Conclusions: Anaemic cases whether revascularized with pPCI or pharmacoinvasive strategy tend to have higher incidence of MACE and major bleeding with no significant difference in mortality. There was no significant difference between LVEF between the study groups.

Invasive versus Conservative Treatment Approach among Older Adult Patients Admitted with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred treatment strategy for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); however, its efficacy remains unclear in very older adult patients with STEMI. This retrospective single-center observational study included 530 patients aged &gt;75 years admitted to Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center with a diagnosis of acute STEMI. Primary PCI was performed for patients with symptoms ≤12 hours in duration, while the other patients were conservatively treated. We evaluated 30-day mortality and complications occurring during hospitalization based on data from patient records. Among the study patients, only 28/530 (5%) were conservatively treated. In-hospital complications, including the use of inotropes or intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and the need for mechanical ventilation, did not differ significantly between the groups. The only parameter that showed a trend toward significance was the incidence of heart failure during hospitalization (p=0.042). The risk for 30-day mortality was substantially higher in the conservative treatment group than in the invasive treatment group (27% vs. 10%; p = 0.02). Our data suggested that despite concerns regarding the safety of the primary PCI strategy in the older adult STEMI population, this treatment strategy was associated with a survival benefit.

Accelerated Streptokinase Infusion Regimen Versus Standard Infusion Regimen in STEMI Patients. A Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes

Abstract Background Coronary heart disease is the single largest cause of death in the developed countries. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can be treated by primary PCI, thrombolytics or pharmaco-invasive strategy. Streptokinase (SK) is the most widely used fibrinolytic agent in developing countries.SK in acute STEMI has a wide debate about the sufficient dose of infusion. Aim To improve the outcome of thrombolytic treatment in STEMI patients in terms of angiographic findings. Subjects and Methods A randomized controlled double blinded trial was conducted on 120 adult patients presenting to Suez Canal university cardiac care unit with acute STEMI. Divided into two groups, group A n (60) that received SK in an accelerated infusion protocol over 30 minutes, and group B n (60) who received SK over 60 minutes. Clinical echocardiographic and angiographic outcomes were studied in both groups. Results Echocardiographic parameters in the study group were significantly better. RWMA index was 1.56±0.11 in group B, compared to 1.38±0.08 in group A. Mean E/e’ in group A was 12.97±1.29 and 14.5±0.83 in group B . Myocardial blush grade, myocardial TIMI score and myocardial frame count were all statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.001) favoring accelerated SK infusion protocol. The mean time for chest pain relief was 65 minutes in group A and 80 minutes in group B (p&amp;lt;0.001). Score of ST segment resolution in group A was 1.5±0.504 and 1±0.368 in the control group. With no evidence of clinically significant complications in the study group. Only one patient had intracranial hemorrhage and died. Conclusions This study deduced that accelerated protocol was a safe and effective method for administration of STK, there was no significant increase in major bleeding in the control group, and heart failure, arrhythmias and mechanical complications were clinically insignificant to raise any alarm against the use of the accelerated protocol. Additional Content An author video to accompany this abstract is available on https://academic.oup.com/eurheartjsupp. Please click on the arrow next to ‘More Content’ and then click on ‘Author videos’.

Trends in mortality and ischemic outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction following implementation of a primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy, 2003–2017

Abstract Introduction In Denmark, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has served as the national reperfusion strategy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) since 2003. Since then, extensive changes in management and treatment of patients with STEMI have been introduced. We investigated the temporal trends in one-year mortality and ischemic outcomes after STEMI. Methods We included all first-time STEMI patients treated with pPCI in Western Denmark from 2003 to 2017. Patients were categorized into four time periods based on year of pPCI treatment (2003–2006, 2007–2010, 2011–2014, 2015–2017) and followed for one year. Outcomes included all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI: follow-up started after 30 days post-pPCI since the validity of recurrent MI is low in the first 30 days), and ischemic stroke. We also identified a sex and age matched comparison cohort without prior cardiovascular disease from the Western Denmark general population. Groups were compared using sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) by Cox regression with the first period as reference. Results A total of 18,538 STEMI patients and 92,690 individuals from the general population were included. One-year mortality in STEMI patients decreased from 10.8% in 2003–2006 to 7.8% in 2015–2017 (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60–0.80), while it was steady in the general population cohort (figure). The one-year risk of recurrent MI and ischemic stroke also decreased from 2003–2006 to 2015–2017 (MI: 3.5% vs. 2.4%, aHR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.51–0.86; ischemic stroke: 2.5% vs. 1.9%, aHR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42–0.80). These improvements coincided with increased up-take of evidence-based treatments, especially drug-eluting stents (39% vs. 90%), high-intensity statins (3% vs. 87%), and newer antiplatelet agents. Conclusions From 2003 to 2017, the one-year risk of death, recurrent MI, and ischemic stroke decreased substantially among patients with STEMI. These improvements occurred simultaneously with the gradual implementation of evidence-based guideline-directed treatments. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Aase and Ejnar Danielsen foundation

Angiography versus FFR guided complete revascularization versus culprit-only revascularization for patients presenting with STEMI: Network meta-analysis.

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of different revascularization strategies among patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). MVD is present in about one-half of patients presenting with STEMI. Despite several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing complete revascularization (CR) and culprit-only revascularization (COR), the optimal PCI strategy for STEMI patients with MVD remains unsettled. Moreover, it is unclear whether angiography-guided CR or fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided CR is associated with better outcomes.PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs comparing CR strategies with COR strategy in patients with STEMI between January 1, 2000 and September 30, 2021 were identified. A frequentist network meta-analyses were performed for three PCI strategies: (1) COR; (2) angiography-guided CR; and (3) FFR-guided CR.Ten RCTs including 7979 patients were included. A strategy of angiography-guided CR or FFR-guided CR was associated with a significantly lower rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and unplanned revascularization compared with COR. Although there were no statistical significant difference between angiography-guided CR and FFR-guided CR, P score analysis showed that angiography-guided CR was ranked as the best strategy for reducing MACE, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization.In patients presenting with STEMI and MVD undergoing primary PCI, angiography-guided CR or FFR-guided CR improve outcomes compared with COR. Furthermore, the strategy of angiography-guided CR ranked as the best revascularization strategy in those patients.

Short- and long-term survival after ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with pharmacoinvasive versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy: a prospective cohort study

ObjectiveCompare survival in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with a pharmacoinvasive (PI) or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) strategy based on estimated time to PCI.DesignProspective observational cohort study....

Prognostic impact of pre-interventional culprit artery thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention

BackgroundPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered the most preferred strategy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the prognostic role of spontaneous re-canalization in STEMI patients is still not clear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of pre-procedural TIMI flow grade in the culprit coronary artery on the short and long term prognosis in Egyptian patients presented with STEMI and treated with primary PCI.ResultsA dual center, prospective observational study that was conducted in the period from January 2019 till June 2020 and enrolled 150 STEMI patients presented within 24 h from onset of chest pain. Initial angiography was done with analysis of TIMI flow grade in the infarct related artery. Of the 150 enrolled patients; 93 patients (62%) were found to have initial TIMI flow grade 0 (group A) and 57 patients (38%) had initial TIMI flow grade I–III (group B). There was a strong association between cardiac mortality and pre-procedural TIMI flow grade. 12 mortalities (8% of total study population) were recorded during our study period; in-hospital mortality was reported in 7 patients in group A, yet no mortalities were recorded in-hospital in group B (P value = 0.033). At 1 year follow up; 5 mortalities were recorded in group A with no mortalities at all in group B (P value = 0.005). There was a trend towards an increase in acute heart failure incidence in group A yet no statistically significant value was achieved (P value = 0.112). Target lesion revascularization was reported in 8 patients in group A and in only 3 patients in group B (P value 0.446).ConclusionsDespite the evolution in primary PCI strategies and the continuous advancement in anti-thrombotic treatment; pre-interventional infarct related artery TIMI flow grade I–III is associated with better in hospital and 1 year outcome, specifically significantly lower cardiac mortality compared to patients who had TIMI flow grade 0 at initial angiography.

Computational Pressure-Fluid Dynamics Applied to Index of Microcirculatory Resistance, Predicting the Prognosis of Drug-Coated Balloons Compared With Drug-Eluting Stents in STEMI Patients.

Background: The impairment of microvascular injury on prognosis has increasingly drawn extensive awareness along with the high morbidity and mortality of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) over recent years. The prognostic significance of computational pressure-fluid dynamics applied to index of microcirculatory resistance, derived from coronary angiography (CPFD-caIMR) in microvascular injury evaluation of STEMI patients remained inconclusive. Methods: A total of 213 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected retrospectively from 1003 STEMI patients from February 2018 to February 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was thereafter finished. CPFD-caIMR of all patients was obtained off-line using the software (FlashAngio, Rainmed Ltd., Suzhou, China) after PPCI. The primary endpoint was to compare the CPFD-caIMR and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) between drug-coated balloons (DCB) and drug-eluting stents (DES) groups. The correlation between CPFD-caIMR and MACEs was analyzed, and the prognosis of patients with STEMI was evaluated by CPFD-caIMR by multivariate regression analysis. Results: Totally 213 STEMI patients with successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) were included, of whom 84 patients accepted DCB and 129 patients accepted DES respectively. Baseline characteristics and CPFD-caIMR were comparable between DCB and DES groups after PSM (62 patients in each group). CPFD-caIMR was not significantly different between two groups (DES vs. DCB: mean difference: 2.26, 95% CI -4.05 to 8.57, p = 0.45), and so was it when re-grouped by whether CPFD-caIMR > 40U or not (DES vs. DCB: 34.17% vs. 27.16%, p = 0.29). After a follow-up of 1 year, more MACEs occurred in DES group than DCB group (relative risk: 2.50, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.02, p = 0.04). The predictors of MACEs by multi-variate analysis found that, only time from symptom to balloon (p = 0.03) and time from door to balloon (p < 0.01) were independent predictors of MACEs, independent of treatment with DCB or DES intervention. Furthermore, CPFD-caIMR > 40U became an independent predictor of the combined events including cardiovascular deaths or heart failure readmission irrespective of PSM (odds ratio: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.06 to 7.66, p = 0.04). Conclusion: CPFD-caIMR was a promising method for prognosis, which can predict CV death or heart failure readmission in STEMI patients. DCB was a possible strategy in PPCI of STEMI patients, not inferior to DES based on microvascular injury evaluated by CPFD-caIMR.

Outcome following late reperfusion with PCI in stable patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presenting more than 12 hours from onset of symptoms

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction 8-40% of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) present later than 12 hours after symptom onset. According to guidelines these late presenters maintain indication for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) when there are signs of ongoing ischemia. However, it prevails uncertainty in relation to the best approach in stable late presenters. Aims Describe the profile of stable late STEMI presenters and evaluate the trends of reperfusion decision in the Portuguese reality; compare early term outcomes between patients submitted to emergent primary PCI and those in which it was preferred an initial conservative approach. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with STEMI presenting ≥12-48h hours after the beginning of the symptoms between October 2010 and December 2019 without evidence of ongoing ischemia, inserted in a national registry of acute coronary syndromes. Patients were dichotomized and compared according to whether or not were submitted to emergent reperfusion based on primary PCI. Results 274 patients were included (2.3% of all STEMI), predominantly men (67.5%), with a mean age of 68±13 years old. Emergent PCI was performed in a minority (15.7%; n=43); even so, coronarography ended up being executed in 61.3% of the admissions, with angioplasty performed in 47.1% of the cases. Right coronary artery was the most common intervened vessel (50.8%). Inotropes were necessary in 4.6% of the patients, with no reports of ventricular assistance device use. Mean ejection fraction was 51±12% with no differences between groups. Patients submitted to emergent PCI (15.7%) had a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (0 vs. 9.3%, p=0.04) and had more commonly electrocardiographic criteria for anterior STEMI (64.3% vs. 41.4%, p=0.006). Nitrates were significantly less prescribed at discharge in this subgroup (4.9% vs. 26.8%; p=0.002). Apart from aborted cardiac arrest, that was more prevalent in patients submitted to emergent reperfusion (4.8% vs. 0.9%, p=0.12), it was observed a tendency toward a lower percentage in this subgroup in all other early hard clinical outcomes such as re-infarction (0 vs. 0.4%, p=1.00), mechanical complications (0 vs. 2.2%; p=1.00), sustained ventricular tachycardia (0 vs. 0.9%, p=1.00) and in-hospital death (0% vs. 4.4%, p=0.37). However, none of the differences have reached statistical significance. Conclusion The study shows that, in the Portuguese reality, emergent reperfusion is adopted in only a minority of late stable STEMI patients, with a clear tendency to perform it more frequently in subacute anterior STEMI. Emergent PCI strategy did not show a clear benefit in terms of left ventricular function, risk of re-infarction, arrhythmic and mechanical complications, and in-hospital death. On the other hand, there was apparently a significant advantage of this strategy in ischemic symptom control.

Comparison on outcomes of pharmaco-invasive strategy, delayed routine percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and optimal medical therapy (OMT) after successful thrombolysis in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): 1 Year data from a single centre

Since primary PCI and pharmaco-invasive strategy are not readily practised, delayed routine PCI and OMT after successful thrombolysis are common treatment options. Evidence of benefit from delayed routine PCI and OMT is lacking.

OR64. The differences of sum ST-deviation resolution of STEMI patients who underwent pharmaco-invasive strategy compared to primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy in DR. Sardjito Hospital

Abstract Aims This study aims to determine the difference between sum ST-segment deviation (∑-STD) resolution in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent Pharmaco-invasive strategy as compared to the Primary PCI strategy. Methods and Results This study design was a retrospective cohort. It measured the ∑-STD resolution in two groups. Forty-five patients who underwent both Pharmaco-invasive and Primary PCI strategy were compared. The cut-off &amp;gt; 50% was considered significant resolution and &amp;lt;50% was considered insignificant resolution. The difference was analyzed using comparative analysis and logistic regression test. The ∑-STD resolution between STEMI patients who underwent Pharmaco-invasive strategy compared with Primary PCI strategy was 26.63% (84.40% in the Pharmaco-invasive vs. 57.77 %% in Primary PCI group, RR = 1.46 (95% CI, 1.10-1.93), p = 0,005). Conclusion The ∑-STD resolution was significantly higher in STEMI patients who underwent Pharmaco-invasive strategy as compared to Primary PCI strategy.

Comparison of Efficacy and Outcome of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Pharmacoinvasive Strategy in Management of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the best reperfusion option in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when performed timely but PPCI is not universally available. Hence, Pharmacoinvasive (PhI) reperfusion strategy is recommended for STEMI patients. However, there are very few studies in Bangladesh for the comparison of efficacy and outcome of PPCI and PhI Strategy. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and outcome of PPCI and PhI strategies in patients of Bangladesh. Methodology and Materials: This was a prospective observational comparative study. A total of 783 acute STEMI patients were included in Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh during December-2015 to April-2019. Among them, 103 patients underwent Primary PCI and 184 patients underwent PhI strategy. Data were collected prospectively using a standardized case report form. Chai-squared tests were done to compare the ratio of the frequency of the groups and t-tests were done to compare the mean of the groups with 95% CI where pResults: Among the studied patients, access site complications in PPCI were hematoma, occlusion and pseudo-aneurysm being observed 03(2.91%), 05(4.85) and (0%), whereas, in PhI strategy were 09(4.89%), 08(4.34%), and 02(1.08%) respectively (P>0.05). In hospital, primary composite cardiovascular outcome of death, reinfarction, stroke and CHF were noted insignificant in both the strategies (p>0.05). On follow-up at 01 month, 06 month and 12 month, the composite cardiovascular outcome of death, reinfarction, stroke and CHF) were 03(3.84%), 04(5.12%), and 05(6.41%), in PPCI and 04(2.81%), 09(6.33%), and 07(4.92%) respectively in PhI strategy (P>0.05). Conclusion: Similar clinical, in hospital, and followed up outcomes were found when comparing the efficacy and safety Primary PCI to PhI Strategy in patients with STEMI who were eligible for reperfusion. So, both Primary PCI and Pharmacoinvasive strategies are safe and effective in management of patients with STEMI.

CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts the slow flow/no-reflow phenomenon in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease (MVD) have a higher incidence of slow-flow/no-reflow (SF-NR) phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) than those with single vessel disease. Currently, no effective tools exist to predict the risk of SF-NR in this population. The present study aimed to evaluate whether CHA2DS2-VASc score can be used as a simple tool to predict this risk.This study consecutively included STEMI patients hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2005 to January 2015. Among these patients, 1032 patients with MVD were finally enrolled. Patients were divided into SF-NR (+) group and SF-NR (–) group according to whether SF-NR occurred during PPCI. SF-NR was defined as the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade ≤2.There were 134 patients (13%) in the SF-NR (+) group. Compared with the SF-NR (–) group, patients in the SF-NR (+) group are elder, with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and higher CHA2DS2-VASc score. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.148; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.389–3.320; P = .001), current smoking (OR, 1.814; 95% CI, 1.19–2.764; P = .006), atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.892; 95% CI, 1.138–7.350; P = .03), complete revascularization (OR, 2.307; 95% CI, 1.202–4.429; P = .01), and total length of stents ≥40 mm (OR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.011–2.172; P = .04) were independent risk factors of SF-NR. The incidence of SF-NR in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 was 1.7 times higher than that in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score <3. Additionally, patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 plus ≥2 risk factors have 3 times higher incidence of SF-NR than those with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 plus 0 to 1 risk factor.CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 can be used as a simple and sensitive indicator to predict SF-NR phenomenon and guide the PPCI strategy in STEMI patients with MVD.

Risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery ectasia presented with st elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. OnBehalf PHASE-MX Background Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), defined as "a dilatation greater than 1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent normal coronary arteries", is an uncommon finding in patients with acute coronary syndrome with a reported prevalence from 0.3 to 4.9% in different series. Because its low frequency, at present time there is lack of evidence and consensus of treatment strategies in those patients. Purpose To identify differences in risk factors, treatment strategies and cardiovascular outcomes among population with and without CAE presented with STEMI. Methods A retrospective, observational, comparative study was conducted in a tertiary-level cardiovascular center. We included hospitalized patients between 2018 and 2020 diagnosed with STEMI who had received reperfusion treatment within 12 hours of symptom onset. Coronary angiography was performed in the setting of primary PCI or pharmacoinvasive strategy. The primary composite endpoint was the time to first occurrence of either cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, recurrent MI or congestive heart failure at 30 days of follow-up according to the presence or absence of coronary artery ectasia. Results We identified 539 patients with a STEMI diagnosis, of those 56 (10.3%) were diagnosed with CAE and 483 without CAE (89.7%). The median age of population was 57.9 (±10.9 SD) with no differences between groups and most of them were male (94.6% vs 85.7%, p 0.08). Among risk factors we identified a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with CAE (14.2% vs 36.4%, p 0.001), no difference was observed in prevalence of hypertension (44.6% vs. 43.4%, p 0.86), obesity (26.7% vs 23.4%, p 0.57), dyslipidemia (26.7% vs 18.8%, p 0.35) or smoking (35.7% vs 45.1%, p 0.17). In angiographic findings of patients diagnosed with CAE the infarction culprit artery had ectasia in 83.9% (n = 47) of the patients. According to the Markis classification, type 1 was the most common type, with the right coronary artery presenting the greatest involvement (72.7%, n= 40), followed by the anterior descending artery (67.2%, n= 37) and finally by circumflex artery (54.5%, n= 30). There were no differences in reperfusion strategies performed between both groups, pharmacoinvasive strategy (43.6% vs 50.6%, p 0.32) or PCI (56.4% VS 49.4%, P 0.12). There was no difference in the primary composite endpoint of MACE over a period of 30 days of follow up (8.93% vs 10.3%, p 0.73) Figure 1. There was also no difference in major or minor bleeding between groups (5.4% vs 3.6%, p 0.78; and 3.5% vs 1.6%, p 0.37). Conclusion CAE is a disease with a higher prevalence in México than reported in other countries. There are no identifiable risk factors in our study that predicts the presence of CAE in patients diagnosed with STEMI. Both reperfusion strategies used (Pharmacoinvasive strategy and primary PCI) could be safe with no differences in cardiovascular outcomes or bleeding at 1 month of follow-up. Abstract Figure.