Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis Research Articles

Prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with primary monosymptomatic enuresis

Prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with primary monosymptomatic enuresis

Parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation versusurotherapy in primary monosymptomatic enuresis: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

To evaluate the clinical response of parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (parasacral TENS) associated with urotherapy in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis(PMNE) compared to urotherapy alone. This prospective controlled clinical trial enrolled 72 children over 5 years of age with PMNE. Children were randomly divided into twogroups, control group (CG), treated with urotherapy and scapular stimulation, and experimental group (EG), treated with urotherapy and parasacral TENS. In both groups, 20 sessions were performed, 3 times weekly, for 20 min each, with 10 Hz frequency, 700 μS pulse width and intesity determinated by the patient threshold. The percentages of dry nights were analyzed for 14 days before treatment (T0), after the 20th session (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), 60 (T4), and 90 (T5) days after the end of the sessions. Patients of both groups were followed with intervals of 2 weeks in the first month and monthly for threeconsecutive months. Twenty-eight enuretic children, 14 girls (50%) with a mean age of 9.09 ± 2.23 years completed the study. There was no difference in mean age between groups. Mean percentage of dry nights in EG at T0 was 36%, at T1 49%, at T2 54%, at T3 54%, at T4 54%, and 57% at T5; while in CG, these percentages were 28%, 39%, 37%, 35%, 36%, and 36%, respectively. Parasacral TENS associated with urotherapy improves the percentage of dry nights in children with PMNE, although no patient had complete resolution of symptoms in this study.

The Relationship Between Copeptin Level and Enuresis in Children Aged 5 - 15 Years

Background: Enuresis is bedwetting that occurs during sleep in children over five years old. If left untreated, it can lead to social and psychological problems for children and their parents. The role of copeptin in patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) has been reported in several studies. Due to the favorable structural properties of copeptin and the reflection of arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration, it can be used as an alternative marker for AVP secretion. Objectives: This study aims to compare the levels of copeptin in healthy and enuresis children aged 5 - 15 years. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 42 children with primary monosymptomatic enuresis and 42 children without enuresis who were referred to the clinic of Taleghani hospital in Gorgan in 2020. Copeptin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Out of 84 patients, an equal proportion of girls (21 patients) and boys (21 patients) participated in both the case and control groups. The age of the children was 8.05 ± 2.46 years, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.16). The mean level of copeptin in the case and control groups were 6.7 ± 4.27 and 6.87 ± 8.52 pg/mL, respectively, significantly lower in the case group (P = 0.03). There was a statistically significant difference in the level of copeptin between the boys in the two groups (P = 0.03). Although the mean level of copeptin in the girls in the patient group was lower than that in the control group, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.35). Conclusions: In this study, the mean level of copeptin in PMNE was significantly lower than that in the control group, which suggests it may be considered as a probable biomarker for the prediction of response to treatment with desmopressin, but further study is required to confirm this hypothesis.

Limited caffeine consumption as first-line treatment in managing primary monosymptomatic enuresis in children: how effective is it? A randomised clinical trial

ObjectiveEvidence about the negative caffeine effect on enuresis in children remains understudied or poorly understood. The study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine restriction on the improvement and severity...

One-day voiding diary in the evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in children.

Voiding diary (VD) is an important tool in the evaluation of children with voiding symptoms. Voiding frequency, maximal voided volume (MVV), average voided volume (AVV) and nocturnal volume (NV) can be extracted and are valuable in diagnosing and monitoring these disorders. Recently, ICCS has reduced the period of data recording on VD from 3 to 2 days.We hypothesized that one day voiding diary would be enough for guiding treatment. Children with overactive bladder (OAB) and primary monosymptomatic enuresis (PMNE) were oriented to fulfill a 3-day VD. Data obtained from VD were evaluated for the first day (1dVD), the first two days (2dVD), and all 3 days (3dVD) and compared according to the MVV, AVV, frequency, NV and expected bladder capacity (EBC). The Friedman, Student's t test and the Fisher's exact was used. ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons. We also used Pearson correlation test. Ninety-eight children were included, 59 had PMNE and 30 OAB. Frequency, AVV and VN were similar regardless how many days the voiding episodes were recorded. Only MVV was higher by a mean of only 32 mL on 3dVD compared to 1dVD. A 1dVD has a sensitivity of 93,9% and a positive likelihood ratio of 2.2. As for the correlation of MVV and EBC it was observed that in 83% of children, MVV was lower than EBC. MVV corresponds to 67% and 69% of EBC in children with PMNE and OAB, respectively. We believe that 1dVD is sufficient to assess these children. It has a high sensitivity and good correlation to 3dVD in evaluating these children. Bladder capacity in this population, evaluated by maximum voided volume, was close to 68% of that obtained by the EBC.

Predictive factors of full response to desmopressin treatment in children with primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna

Predictive factors of full response to desmopressin treatment in children with primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna

Relationship between primary monosymptomatic enuresis and process toilet training: a case-control.

Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a prevalent condition in childhood, and the pathophysiology is multifactorial. This study investigated the relationship between the toilet training process (TT) and PMNE in children and adolescents. A case-control study was carried out from 2015 to 2020. The presence of PMNE was identified according to International Children's Continence Society criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to assess TT. The study included 103 children and adolescents with PMNE and 269 participants with normal psychomotor development without PMNE (control group [CG]). Readiness signals were more remembered and less frequent in participants with PMNE (p=0.001) when compared to control group. No differences were found between the groups regarding the onset age of the daytime TT (p= 0.10), the nocturnal TT (p=0.08), the acquisition of daytime continence (p=0.06), and the type of equipment used for the TT (p=0.99). The use of Child-Oriented approach in group of children with enuresis was lower than in controls [87.4% (90/103) versus 94% (250/266)], respectively (OR= 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.94, p = 0.039). The age of onset of TT, acquisition of daytime continence, and the type of equipment were not associated with higher occurrence of PMNE. On the other hand, the Child-Oriented approach was a protective factor for the occurrence of PMNE.

Coconut oil rubbing as an easy and safe way to improve symptoms in primary nocturnal enuresis: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective:Enuresis is a common pediatric problem for which, no unique therapy has been suggested. The conventional therapy is effective, but fails in some cases. So, many parents try complementary medicine. Therefore, this study attempted to find if rubbing coconut oil is effective on improving enuresis.Materials and Methods:This double-blinded randomized clinical was conducted on 120 children aged 6 to 14 years with mono symptomatic nocturnal enuresis, from 2018 to 2019 in Yazd, Iran. The drug and placebo groups applied 6 drops of the coconut and paraffin oil topically on the suprapubic, sacral and flanks areas one time per night, respectively. Urination pattern was daily recorded for a period of 8 weeks by parents, and after one year, they were asked for any improvement by phone call.Results:The mean frequency of enuresis at the first, second, fourth, and eighth week was lower in the intervention group (p<0.001); this difference between the groups remained after one year. Moreover, there was no side effect requiring any medical attention.Conclusion:Rubbing coconut oil is effective on improving symptom of primary mono symptomatic enuresis if applied every night for 4 weeks on suprapubic, sacral and flanks areas. This may be related to anticholinergic effect of the oil but its persistent effect for longer time after the end of application period, needs to be investigated in other studies.

The Relationship Between Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis Nocturna and Chronotype: A Controlled Study

The Relationship Between Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis Nocturna and Chronotype: A Controlled Study

Effectiveness of hypnotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment in primary monosymptomatic enuresis.

Effectiveness of hypnotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment in primary monosymptomatic enuresis.

Our experience of treating children with primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna in a pediatric bedwetting clinic

Background/Aim: Enuresis nocturna is an important problem that negatively affects the self-confidence and quality of life of millions of children. Controversial points still exist regarding the treatment algorithm of enuresis. This study aimed to discuss the approach to this condition which deeply affects the child and their family and contribute to the literature by analyzing the success in the treatment steps. Methods: This study was conducted by reviewing the files of the patients who presented to the pediatric bedwetting outpatient clinic between May 2017 and March 2019 with the complaint of nocturia. The diagnoses and treatment outcomes were recorded from the patient files. The first step was motivation therapy, the second step was alarm treatment, and the third step was drug therapy, which were combined if necessary. Results: Among 95 primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna patients with a mean age of 8.5 years, all patients received supportive treatment to increase motivation as the first step. The second step consisted of alarm treatment administered to 32 patients and as the third step, medical drug treatment was prescribed to eight. Enuresis decreased in 58% of the patients receiving motivation therapy, 63% of the patients receiving alarm therapy and >90% of the patients receiving drug therapy; however, it relapsed when the medication was discontinued. Conclusion: According to the experience acquired in this study, a specific enuresis polyclinic is important in terms of ease of presentation for patients, and motivation treatment should be the first line of treatment. Other treatment steps can be added as necessary. All three steps in primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna can be combined or administered alone.

Low compliance contribute to insufficient Desmopressin response of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and the role of voiding school

AimsTo evaluate the impact of compliance on the therapeutic effects of Desmopressin, as well as the importance of establishing the voiding school for low-compliance children in primary monosymptomatic enuresis treatment.MethodsEighty-nine patients with primary monosymptomatic enuresis treated with Desmopressin were observed during the 2017–2020 at University Children’s Hospital Belgrade, Serbia. The average patients age was 7.7 ± 2.4 years; 65 (73%) were boys and 24 (27%) % were girls. After the 3 months of Desmopressin treatment, the effect of therapy was evaluated according to the compliance. After the treatment, low-compliance patients and their parents were suggested to visit a voiding school.ResultsA significant decrease in the median enuresis frequency was noticed during the Desmopressin treatment (25.0 (20.0–26.0) vs 10.0 (2.0–17.0) per month, before vs after treatment, respectively) (p < 0.001). Patients with low compliance had a poorer response to Desmopressin (p < 0.001). An median enuresis reduction in the good compliance group was 92.3% (86.7 -95%), while in the low compliance group was 28.6% (16.7–43.3%). After attending voiding school, there was a significant increase in compliance (p < 0.001), associated with an median percent decrease in enuresis of 84.0% (75.0–95.5%) (p < 0.001).ConclusionCompliance considerably influences the beneficial effects of Desmopressin. Patients with poor therapeutic effects should be evaluated for compliance and introduced to voiding school.

Pretreatment morning urine osmolality and oral desmopressin lyophilisate treatment outcome in patients with primary monosymptomatic enuresis.

To determine the association between urine osmolality (Uosm) in patients with primary monosymptomatic enuresis (PMNE) and response to desmopressin (dDAVP) lyophilisate. This was a prospective cohort study that included 419 children with enuresis seen in outpatient clinic between October 2017 and October 2019. Patient workup included symptom checklist, 48h frequency/volume chart, kidney and bladder ultrasound, uroflow, urinalysis and culture, spot urine Ca/creatinine, and first-morning Uosm. Patients < 5years, with secondary enuresis, or loss of follow-up were excluded. Oral dDAVP lyophilisate was recommended to all with PMNE and normal bladder capacity. After 1month of therapy, initial success was assessed according to ICCS. Significant predictor variables for complete response were identified and analyzed using correlation coefficients and binary logistic regression. There were 48 patients with PMNE who received dDAVP and were followed for treatment success. Partial and complete responses were achieved for 14 (29.2%) and 20 cases (41.7%), respectively. Older age and lower Uosm were found to be significantly in favor of complete response to dDAVP lyophilisate, P = 0.007 and 0.033, respectively. ROC analysis determined the Uosm of ≤ 814mOsm/kg as a cut-off value for complete success (sensitivity 65% and specificity 75%, AUC = 68.2%). The odds ratio for complete success for selected cut-off value was 5.57 (95% CI 1.588-19.551, P = 0.007). High pretreatment morning Uosm (> 814mOsm/kg) might be suggestive of an alternative treatment to dDAVP lyophilisate in PMNE because of the higher risk of treatment failure.

Assessment of Children with Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis in Terms of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Changes

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between blood pressure changes monitored by 24-hour blood pressure measurements and urinary incontinence in children with enuresis. Method: The patients aged 5-18 years who received (patient group), and did not receive (control group) the diagnosis of primary monosymptomatic enuresis, and applied between January 01, 2017 and June 1, 2017, to the outpatient clinics of Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatrics constituted the study group. Demographic data, height, body weight, body mass index, family history of chronic illness, and enuresis, drug use, laboratory test results (blood biochemistry and whole blood count) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) measurements were compared between groups. Results: Thirty-five (62.5%, Group 1) patients and 21 (37.5%, Group 2) control subjects were included in the study. Demographic properties of the patients were not remarkable. Family history of enuresis was detected in statistically significantly greater number of patients (p=0.001). Any statistically significant difference was not noted when ABPM data of both groups were compared. Conclusion: Discrepancies in the results of various studies concerning the autonomic system changes in enuretic patients, their reflections on blood pressures, and 24-hour blood pressure profiles, in addition to controversial views of the authors about relationship between decreasing urine output and BP depression have necessitated conduction of further studies with larger group of patients.

Therapeutic effects of desmopressin in primary monosymptomatic noctural enuresis treatment depending on Patients’Age

To test the therapeutic effects of Desmopressin (dDAVP) in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) treatment depending on patients'age. The prospective research was carried out in the 2014-2018 period, during which 89 patients were observed who were treated with dDAVP due to the previously diagnosed PMNE. The patients were divided into two age groups. The first group (Group 1) consisted of 43 patients age 5 to 6, with the average age of 5.6±0.5, out of whom 35 (81.4%) were boys, and 8 (18.6%) girls. The second group (Group 2) consisted of 46 patients age over 7 to 12, with the average age of 9.7±1.6, out of whom 30 (65.2%) were boys, and 16 (34.8%) were girls. There was no statistically relevant difference according to sex (p=0.086). After the 3-month treatment, all the patients in both groups were tested for the effects of dDAVP in PMNE treatment. The average enuresis frequency in the first group (Group 1) before therapy was 26.0±6.2 per month, whereas the average enuresis frequency after therapy was 11.0±8.0 per month (p=0.040). The average enuresis frequency in the second group (Group 2) before therapy was 23.1±6.2 per month, whereas the average enuresis frequency after therapy was 3.8±3.6 per month (p=0.036). ANOVA data analysis of repeated measurements has indicated that there is a statistically relevant interaction between the groups (p=0.006), i.e. enuresis frequency decreases considerably more in the second group (Group 2). PMNE with dDAVP is noticeably more effective with patients over 7 years of age.

Common urological problems in children: primary nocturnal enuresis.

Enuresis is a common complaint in children, with a prevalence of around 15% at age 6 years. Evidence suggests that enuresis could affect neuropsychiatric development. The condition may represent an entire spectrum of underlying urological conditions. It is important to understand the difference between monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic enuresis. Primary monosymptomatic enuresis can be managed efficaciously with care in different settings, like primary care, specialist nursing, or paediatric specialists, while non-monosymptomatic enuresis requires more complex evaluation and treatment. The diagnosis, investigation, and management of the two types of enuresis are discussed in this review.

Evaluation of Etiological Risk Factors of Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis

Evaluation of Etiological Risk Factors of Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis

Adaptation of Monosymptomatic Enuresis Guide in Spanish

The general objective is to adapt recommendations on monosymptomatic primary enuresis (ME) to the regional context. The instruments used were “Guide for the Adaptation of Clinical Practice Guidelines” and “Guidelines for creation of Consensus” (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría). ME is called intermittent urinary incontinence during the sleep of children > 5 years of age, with no other symptoms of the urinary tract. It is differentiated from non-monosymptomatic enuresis, defined by the presence of other symptoms of the lower urinary tract, mainly during the day. The ME is a transitory condition with spontaneous resolution so the decision to start treatment must be agreed with the child and their family environment. The primary care pediatrician should be the first contact with a child with ME, who implements the initial general behaviors and eventual indication of specific first-line medication, such as alarm and desmopressin.

Evaluation of Etiological Risk Factors Of Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis

Evaluation of Etiological Risk Factors Of Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis

Combination of Alarm-intervention and Reboxetine in Therapy- Resistant Enuresis

Introduction: The first-line treatments of primary monosymptomatic night enuresis (PMNE) are alarm intervention and desmopressin. Some patients are resistant to these modes of treatment. Therefore Reboxetine has been used to treat PMNE in these scenarios in recent years and published in many studies. The aim of the study was to determine effectiveness and safety of combination of Alarm intervention and Reboxetine, to treat patients with therapyresistant enuresis.Material and Methods: Two hundred and nineteen children of both sexes were participated in the experiment (average age, 11.3 years). Participants were divided into three groups: Group A (71 patients, Alarm intervention), Group B (79 patients, Reboxetine as monotherapy), Group C (69 patients, Alarm intervention + Reboxetine). The duration of treatment was twelve weeks, followed by follow-up period of twelve weeks to see efficacy.Result: There was no significant change in number of enuresis episodes per week before and after treatment in a group B. The number of enuresis episodes per a week (weekly) in a group C reached: before treatment 5.3 (1.5), after treatment 1.0 (0.8), 3 three months after the end of treatment 0.7 (0.7). The percentage of patients with PMNE in a group C was significantly less immediately after the course of treatment (17.4%), and three months after treatment (24.6%).Conclusion: Combined treatment of therapy-resistant enuresis with use of Alarm Intervention and Reboxetine gives a high percentage of cured patients both immediately after therapy (82.6%) and three months after the end (75.4%).