Review Of Primary Literature Research Articles

A unique case of primary hyperparathyroidism remission post FNAC and literature review

A unique case of primary hyperparathyroidism remission post FNAC and literature review

Scoping Review of Pediatric Primary Care Educational Literature.

Primary care pediatrics is an important element of pediatric training at all levels, yet trainees often lack clinical competence in this area. This scoping review sought to identify the current research available related to pediatric primary care education for medical students and residents and gaps/areas for improvement. Searches were completed on PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and MedEdPORTAL using the search terms "pediatrics," "education," "curricula," and "primary care." An initial total of 6499 articles was screened down to 102 articles for the final full text review and extraction. The most frequently encountered educational subjects were child development and developmental screening (8.8%), adolescent substance use (7.8%), and vaccines/vaccine hesitancy (6.9%). Several subject areas were underrepresented, including pubertal assessment (0.9%), transgender medicine (0.9%), child passenger safety (0.9%), discipline (0.9%), and sports/orthopedic medicine (0%). This study shows that future pediatric primary care educational studies and innovations are needed to improve trainee competence and comfort.

Analysis of three primary prostatic sarcoma cases and literature review.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities for primary prostate sarcoma postradical prostatectomy, aiming to enhance its diagnosis and management. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of three male patients diagnosed with primary prostate sarcoma at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, from February 2014 to February 2024. All patients underwent transrectal prostate biopsies, which informed the decision to proceed with laparoscopic radical prostatectomies. After surgery, one patient received a combination of epirubicin and ifosfamide as immunotherapy, along with external beam radiotherapy. After comprehensive discussions regarding potential benefits and risks, the remaining two patients decided against undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Based on the pathological examination results, two patients were diagnosed with stromal sarcoma and one with spindle cell sarcoma, all classified as high-grade sarcomas. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that all three cases were positive for VIMENTIN, but other results did not show significant specificity. During the follow-up period, one patient died within 12 months, and two patients were lost to follow-up after 6 months. However, there were no evident signs of recurrence observed during the follow-up period. Primary prostate sarcoma is extremely rare and typically has a poor prognosis once diagnosed. Early diagnosis should be based on pathological and immunohistochemical testing results, followed by prompt surgical treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite these measures, recurrence is common, underscoring the need for a detailed and appropriate treatment plan and systematic therapy for affected patients.

Technology enhanced multidisciplinary cancer conferences in gynecologic oncology.

e13652 Background: Multidisciplinary Cancer Conferences (MCCs) improve quality of care and patient outcomes. The goals of our study were to investigate the impact of an information technology platform, Navify Tumor Board Solution (NTBS) on the (1) efficiency of preparing and conducting MCCs and (2) educational quality of the gynecologic oncology MCCs. Methods: We conducted a prospective, mixed methods study involving participants of the biweekly gynecologic oncology MCC at a comprehensive cancer center. NTBS was introduced to the gynecologic oncology MCC for the preparation and presentation of tumor board cases. Data were collected before and after the introduction of NTBS. We used a validated observational tool to assess the impact of the platform on the quality of case presentation and discussion, as well as decision making (as measured by a composite mean score). We also evaluated compliance of care plans with national guidelines, changes in care plans, and concordance of actual treatment received with MCC recommendations. The survey consisted of five qualitative and two demographic questions. Interviews lasting 10 minutes were recorded using Microsoft Teams. Analyses were conducted using SAS v9.4 (Cary, NC) and Dedoose v9.0.17, (Los Angeles, CA). Results: Pre- and Post-NTBS cohorts consisted of 49 and 60 patients, respectively. When comparing pre- versus post-NTBS cohorts, there was a difference in the mean composite score (50.57 vs 54.11; p=0.016). While there was no statistical difference between cohorts, patient care plans were changed in 13% of the cases and were 92% concordant with treatment received. Additionally, MCC recommendations were 100% compliant with national guidelines. Surveys of 13 MCC participants revealed that post-NTBS, the presentation format was more cohesive, concise, and structured. Common themes from gynecologic oncology fellows’ responses included improvement of case preparation time and simplified process while using NTBS. However, trainees reported limited use of NTBS features, difficulty incorporating graphical, and lack of a comprehensive list of NCCN guidelines. All respondents had educational goals for their participation and reported a high educational value of the MCC. These goals included knowledge acquisition of clinical diagnosis, management of standard of care versus complex situations, sentinel clinical trials underlying NCCN treatment guidelines, primary literature review, management of preparation time and flow of discussion, and preparation for oral boards. Conclusions: NTBS contributed positively to the gynecologic oncology MCC and clinical care for patients. Overall, NTBS had a positive impact on case formatting, preparation time and quality of trainee education. Comprehensive user training in the NTBS features could further enhance its utilization within the MCC.

Community security systems in countering extremism: The case of Ahlu Sunna Waljama’a and Macawisley in Somalia

ABSTRACT Due to decades of conflict and the emergence of the al-Shabaab-led violent extremism in the early 2000s, subsequent governments in Somalia have been unable to guarantee basic needs such as security and social services. As a result, communities have been forced to develop alternative means to protect themselves. This led to the establishment of the community security systems (CSSs) which coincided with the escalation of the conflict in the country since the 1990s. In south-central Somalia, human rights violations including forced recruitment of children into militant groups and forced illegal taxation has largely forced communities to rebel and devise protective mechanisms including leading offensives against al-Shabaab. Two groups, namely Ahlu Sunna Waljama’a (ASWJ) and Macawisley formed the CSSs that are the subject of this article. The paper draws from the empirical evidence from primary data and literature reviews to examine the role of CSSs in countering violent extremism. More specifically, the article examines the ASWJ and Macawisley CSSs in south-central Somalia. It responds to the following questions: What is the context that aided the emergence of CSSs in Somalia? What are its achievements and what are the challenges of the CSSs and implications for peace and security in the country?

A novel homozygous RSPH4A variant in a family with primary ciliary dyskinesia and literature review.

Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare heterogeneous disease caused by abnormalities in motile cilia. In this case report, we first analyzed the clinical and genetic data of a proband who was suspected of having PCD on the basis of her clinical and radiological findings. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and a variant in the RSPH4A gene was identified in the proband. Sanger sequencing was used for validation of RSPH4A variants in the proband, her sister, her daughter and her parents. Finally, the phenotypic features of the patient were analyzed, and the current literature was reviewed to better understand the gene variants in PCD related to hearing loss and the clinical manifestations of the RSPH4A variant in PCD. Results: The chief clinical symptoms of this proband included gradual mixed hearing loss, otitis media, anosmia, sinusitis, recurrent cough and infertility. Her DNA sequencing revealed a novel homozygous T to C transition at position 1321 within exon 3 of RSPH4A according to genetic testing results. This variant had never been reported before. The homozygous variant resulted in an amino acid substitution of tryptophan by arginine at position 441 (p.Trp441Arg). The same variant was also found in the proband's sister, and a heterozygous pathogenic variant was identified among immediate family members, including the proband's daughter and parents. Discussion: A literature review showed that 16 pathogenic variants in RSPH4A have been reported. Hearing loss had only been observed in patients with the RSPH4A (c.921+3_6delAAGT) splice site mutation, and the specific type of hearing loss was not described.

Asymptomatic endometrial cancer with Lynch syndrome; in a woman with primary infertility-A case report and literature review.

Lynch syndrome, also called hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by germline pathogenic mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes-resulting in increased susceptibility to colorectal, endometrial, and other tumors. This case report presents an incidental finding of endometrial cancer with Lynch syndrome during investigation for primary infertility. A 34-year-old woman presented to the fertility clinic with unexplained primary infertility. Investigations showed possible endometrial polyp, 13 × 11 mm in size. Hysteroscopic polypectomy and endometrial biopsy revealed complex endometrial hyperplasia amounting to endometroid adenocarcinoma. The case was discussed at the West of Scotland Gynecology-Oncology MDT meeting-management options including fertility-sparing treatment or radical surgery were presented to the patient and she opted for the latter. A total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed with pathology results consistent with well-differentiated endometroid adenocarcinoma Stage 1A. Peritoneal washings showed no malignant cells. Genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. On further questioning, it was revealed that the patient had a strong family history of colon cancer but had not previously met the criteria for genetic testing. She was referred to colorectal surgeons and underwent colonoscopy. This showed no abnormality; she was therefore scheduled for 2-yearly colonoscopic surveillance.

Characterising CSCW Research on Human-Robot Collaboration

Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) is an increasingly prominent topic in CSCW. From telepresence systems through field robots for extreme missions to social robots in homes, HRC is becoming a recurring theme across a broad range of CSCW research. Based on the growing interest, we explore the coupling of the field of CSCW and research on robotics at this critical time. This paper presents a primary and secondary literature review of CSCW proceedings and venues for robotics research. We identified 29 CSCW papers that contribute to the body of HRC research and analyse the foundations on which these papers rely. Then, we identified 138 papers published in robotics outlets that either (1) cite one or more CSCW papers, or (2) use the term CSCW. We discuss how CSCW is currently contributing to HRC research through five research topics: Sociomateriality, teamwork, awareness, embodiment, and communication. The paper contributes by offering three key future pathways for expanding this area of research, outlining questions and gaps that have yet to be explored for (1) expanding the application domains and diversifying robot types for HRC, (2) methodological implications for HRC, and (3) learning from human collaboration.

The role of health surveillance in the face of self-medication in the context of Covid-19: A literature reviewha

The politicization of the disease led to misinformation and the use of unproven treatments, such as the “COVID Kit”. The National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) took important measures, including management and planning, health risk control, regulation, monitoring of suspected and confirmed cases, as well as information, communication and health education. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to demonstrate how the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) acted in the face of self-medication in the context of COVID-19. To this end, a literature review was carried out over the last five years on self-medication, pandemics, health surveillance, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Manuals from the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization Inclusion criteria were adopted, such as articles published in Portuguese or English, primary studies and literature reviews, while studies that did not meet the general objective of the work and publications prior to 2019 were excluded. Regarding the results, ANVISA played an important role in the control and regulation of medicines during the pandemic, classifying chloroquine as a special control medicine and carrying out more than 30 thousand inspections to ensure compliance with clinical protocols to combat the disease. Finally, the pandemic brought challenges for health surveillance professionals, in order to contain the spread of the coronavirus, especially regarding the inappropriate use of medicines and other products subject to health assessment.

Improving Halal Accessibility in India: Identifying Barriers, Adopting Mobile Technology Solutions

This research paper explores the challenges faced by Muslims in accessing halal food in India and proposes a mobile application as a solution to enhance halal accessibility. The study utilizes a combination of secondary and primary research methods, including surveys and literature reviews, to investigate the prevalent issues and potential solutions. The findings reveal that the lack of awareness among non-Muslims, coupled with misconceptions about halal certification, contributes to the limited availability of halal options. Additionally, political tensions and cultural norms further hinder halal accessibility in India. To address these challenges, the paper suggests the development of a mobile application that provides users with information about halal-certified restaurants and products, as well as a platform for community engagement. The proposed app aims to empower Muslim consumers and promote inclusivity within the food ecosystem. Keywords : Halal accessibility,Mobile application,Muslim consumers,India,Challenges

Pathologic maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with programmed embryo transfer: potential etiologies and strategies for prevention.

In the first of two companion papers, we comprehensively reviewed the recent evidence in the primary literature, which addressed the increased prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, late-onset or term preeclampsia, fetal overgrowth, postterm birth, and placenta accreta in women conceiving by in vitro fertilization. The preponderance of evidence implicated frozen embryo transfer cycles and, specifically, those employing programmed endometrial preparations, in the higher risk for these adverse maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes. Based upon this critical appraisal of the primary literature, we formulate potential etiologies and suggest strategies for prevention in the second article. Comprehensive review of primary literature. Presupposing significant overlap of these apparently diverse pathological pregnancy outcomes within subjects who conceive by programmed autologous FET cycles, shared etiologies may be at play. One plausible but clearly provocative explanation is that aberrant decidualization arising from suboptimal endometrial preparation causes greater than normal trophoblast invasion and myometrial spiral artery remodeling. Thus, overly robust placentation produces larger placentas and fetuses that, in turn, lead to overcrowding of villi within the confines of the uterine cavity which encroach upon intervillous spaces precipitating placental ischemia, oxidative and syncytiotrophoblast stress, and, ultimately, late-onset or term preeclampsia. The absence of circulating corpus luteal factors like relaxin in most programmed cycles might further compromise decidualization and exacerbate the maternal endothelial response to deleterious circulating placental products like soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 that mediate disease manifestations. An alternative, but not mutually exclusive, determinant might be a thinner endometrium frequently associated with programmed endometrial preparations, which could conspire with dysregulated decidualization to elicit greater than normal trophoblast invasion and myometrial spiral artery remodeling. In extreme cases, placenta accreta could conceivably arise. Though lower uterine artery resistance and pulsatility indices observed during early pregnancy in programmed embryo transfer cycles are consistent with this initiating event, quantitative analyses of trophoblast invasion and myometrial spiral artery remodeling required to validate the hypothesis have not yet been conducted. Endometrial preparation that is not optimal, absent circulating corpus luteal factors, or a combination thereof are attractive etiologies; however, the requisite investigations to prove them have yet to be undertaken. Presuming that in ongoing RCTs, some or all adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with programmed autologous FET are circumvented or mitigated by employing natural or stimulated cycles instead, then for women who can conceive using these regimens, they would be preferable. For the 15% or so of women who require programmed FET, additional research as suggested in this review is needed to elucidate the responsible mechanisms and develop preventative strategies.

Pathologic maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with programmed embryo transfer.

In this first of two companion papers, we critically review the evidence recently published in the primary literature, which addresses adverse maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes associated with programmed embryo transfer cycles. We next consider whether these pathological pregnancy outcomes might be attributable to traditional risk factors, unknown parental factors, embryo culture, culture duration, or cryopreservation. Finally, in the second companion article, we explore potential etiologies and suggest strategies for prevention. Comprehensive review of primary literature. The preponderance of retrospective and prospective observational studies suggests that increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and preeclampsia in assisted reproduction involving autologous embryo transfer is associated with programmed cycles. For autologous frozen embryo transfer (FET) and singleton live births, the risk of developing HDP and preeclampsia, respectively, was less for true or modified natural and stimulated cycles relative to programmed cycles: OR 0.63 [95% CI (0.57-0.070)] and 0.44 [95% CI (0.40-0.50)]. Though data are limited, the classification of preeclampsia associated with programmed autologous FET was predominantly late-onset or term disease. Other adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with autologous FET, especially programmed cycles, included increased prevalence of large for gestational age infants and macrosomia, as well as higher birth weights. In one large registry study, FET was associated with fetal overgrowth of a symmetrical nature. Postterm birth and placenta accreta not associated with prior cesarean section, uterine surgery, or concurrent placenta previa were also associated with autologous FET, particularly programmed cycles. The heightened risk of these pathologic pregnancy outcomes in programmed autologous FET does not appear to be attributable to traditional risk factors, unknown parental factors, embryo culture, culture duration, or cryopreservation, although the latter may contribute a modestdegree of increased risk for fetal overgrowth and perhaps HDP and preeclampsia in FET irrespective of the endometrial preparation. Programmed autologous FET is associated with an increased risk of several, seemingly diverse, pathologic pregnancy outcomes including HDP, preeclampsia, fetal overgrowth, postterm birth, and placenta accreta. Though the greater risk for preeclampsia specifically associated with programmed autologous FET appears to be well established, further research is needed to substantiate the limited data currently available suggesting that the classification of preeclampsia involved is predominately late-onset or term. If substantiated, then this knowledge could provide insight into placental pathogenesis, which has been proposed to differ between early- and late-onset or term preeclampsia (see companion paper for a discussion of potential mechanisms). If a higher prevalence of preeclampsia with severe features as suggested by some studies is corroborated in future investigations, then the danger to maternal and fetal/neonatal health is considerably greater with severe disease, thus increasing the urgency to find preventative measures. Presupposing significant overlap of these diverse pathologic pregnancy outcomes within subjects who conceive by programmed embryo transfer, there may be common etiologies.

Singapore tuberculosis (TB) clinical management guidelines 2024: A modified Delphi adaptation of international guidelines for drug-susceptible TB infection and pulmonary disease.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in Singapore. Singapore's clinical practice guidelines for the management of tuberculosis were first published in 2016. Since then, there have been major new advances in the clinical management of TB, ranging from diagnostics to new drugs and treatment regimens. The National TB Programme convened a multidisciplinary panel to update guidelines for the clinical management of drug-susceptible TB infection and disease in Singapore, contextualising current evidence for local practice. Following the ADAPTE framework, the panel systematically reviewed, scored and synthesised English-language national and international TB clinical guidelines published from 2016, adapting recommendations for a prioritised list of clinical decisions. For questions related to more recent advances, an additional primary literature review was conducted via a targeted search approach. A 2-round modified Delphi process was implemented to achieve consensus for each recommendation, with a final round of edits after consultation with external stakeholders. Recommendations for 25 clinical questions spanning screening, diagnosis, selection of drug regimen, monitoring and follow-up of TB infection and disease were formulated. The availability of results from recent clinical trials led to the inclusion of shorter treatment regimens for TB infection and disease, as well as consensus positions on the role of newer technologies, such as computer-aided detection-artificial intelligence products for radiological screening of TB disease, next-generation sequencing for drug-susceptibility testing, and video observation of treatment. The panel updated recommendations on the management of drug-susceptible TB infection and disease in Singapore.

Singapore tuberculosis (TB) clinical management guidelines 2024: A modified Delphi adaptation of international guidelines for drug-susceptible TB infection and pulmonary disease

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in Singapore. Singapore’s clinical practice guidelines for the management of tuberculosis were first published in 2016. Since then, there have been major new advances in the clinical management of TB, ranging from diagnostics to new drugs and treatment regimens. The National TB Programme convened a multidisciplinary panel to update guidelines for the clinical management of drug-susceptible TB infection and disease in Singapore, contextualising current evidence for local practice. Method: Following the ADAPTE framework, the panel systematically reviewed, scored and synthesised English-language national and international TB clinical guidelines published from 2016, adapting recommendations for a prioritised list of clinical decisions. For questions related to more recent advances, an additional primary literature review was conducted via a targeted search approach. A 2-round modified Delphi process was implemented to achieve consensus for each recommendation, with a final round of edits after consultation with external stakeholders. Results: Recommendations for 25 clinical questions spanning screening, diagnosis, selection of drug regimen, monitoring and follow-up of TB infection and disease were formulated. The availability of results from recent clinical trials led to the inclusion of shorter treatment regimens for TB infection and disease, as well as consensus positions on the role of newer technologies, such as computer-aided detection-artificial intelligence products for radiological screening of TB disease, next-generation sequencing for drug-susceptibility testing, and video observation of treatment. Conclusion: The panel updated recommendations on the management of drug-susceptible TB infection and disease in Singapore.

Anaesthesia delivery systems in low and lower-middle-income Asian countries: A scoping review of capacity and effectiveness.

Literature on anaesthesia systems in low and lower middle-income countries is limited, focused on the Africa region, and provides minimal data on anaesthesia or associated disciplines within intensive care, pain management and emergency medicine. We thus conducted a scoping review of primary and secondary research literature on capacity and effectiveness of anaesthesia delivery in low and lower middle-income countries in the Asia region from 2000-2021, to clarify existing knowledge, important gaps, and possible subsequent steps. We applied Arksey and O'Malley's scoping literature review method to search five databases (i.e. EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science), screen, extract, and synthesise data under three themes: (i) availability and type of anaesthesia workforce; (ii) anaesthesia system infrastructure, equipment, and supplies; and (iii) effectiveness of anaesthesia provision. We included 25 eligible sources of 603 identified. Only ten (40%) were published in the last 5 years and Asian lower-income countries were primarily represented in 15 multi-country sources. Fifteen (60%) sources used quantitative methods and provided limited information on data collection, e.g. sampling criteria or geographic areas included. No sources included countrywide data, despite anaesthesia delivery and resources differing significantly sub-nationally (e.g. central versus rural/remote, or insecure areas). Data on anaesthesiology delivery were limited, with findings including insufficiencies in workforce, supplies, training, and skills-building of anaesthesia personnel, along with the lack of consistent strategies for overcoming maldistribution of resources and improving anaesthesia delivery systems in the region. This review, a first attempt to synthesise existing data on anaesthesia delivery systems in low and lower-middle-income Asian countries, shows the anaesthesia literature is still limited. Findings highlight the urgent need for additional research and collaboration nationally and regionally to strengthen anaesthesia delivery and surgical facilities in resource-constrained settings.

Perspectives on technology: Single-use catheters - evidence and environmental impact.

To explore the data comparing single- vs multi-use catheters for clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC), consider if the widespread use of single-use catheters is warranted given the cost and environmental impact, and put forth ideas for future consideration. A primary literature review was performed in PubMed over the past 50 years. Studies that performed comparative analysis of single- and multi-use catheters were included in our review. All studies that reported on primary data were narratively summarised. A total of 11 studies were identified that reported on primary data comparing single- and multi-use catheters. There was no appreciable evidence suggesting reusable multi-use catheters were inferior to single-use catheters from an infection or usability standpoint. In addition, the environmental and monetary burden of single-use catheters is significant. The intermittent catheter landscape in the USA has a complex past: defined by policy, shaped by industry, yet characterised by a paucity of data demonstrating superiority of single-use over multi-use catheters. We believe that the aversion to reusable catheters by many patients and healthcare professionals is unwarranted, especially given the cost and environmental impact. Moving forward, better comparative data and more sustainable practices are needed.

Pengaruh Celebrity Endorse, Live Streaming, dan Online Customer Review terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Fashion di Shopee

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of celebrity endorsements, live streaming, and online customer reviews on fashion purchasing decisions at Shopee. The population in this study were teenage Shopee users in the Greater Solo area. The sample was taken using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling. Sample calculations used the Hair formula and obtained 135 samples. The data in this research comes from questionnaires as primary data and literature reviews as secondary data. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The research results show that celebrity endorsements, live streaming, and online customer reviews simultaneously or together have a significant influence on fashion purchasing decisions at Shopee. The results of the t test analysis show that celebrity endorsement partially has a significant positive effect on fashion purchasing decisions at Shopee (tcount 2.114 > ttable 1.66). Live streaming partially has a significant positive effect on fashion purchasing decisions at Shopee (tcount 4.922 > ttable 1.66). Partial online customer reviews also have a significant positive effect on fashion purchasing decisions at Shopee (tcount 5.727 > ttable 1.66).

Causality Analysis between ESG Performance and Financing Support

Recent global trends in electric vehicles (EV) triggered Indonesia to participate in battery industry development. Rich in geological resources, the government promotes various capital-intensive industries that process raw mining commodities, particularly limonite nickel ore, to support the EV industry in Indonesia. Inarguably, financial support is needed from various financial institutions and investors. On the contrary, the mining industry is closely related to environmental issues that attract the attention of financial institutions and investors. Therefore, understanding the relationship between “sustainability” and “financing activity” is essential, as it may not only practically guide the business to re-examine their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives but also extend the literature review on these matters. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the system through the Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) formed by ESG factors related to the financing process in mining companies in Indonesia. The research method used in this paper is developing causal loop diagrams from primary data and literature reviews. The CLD is constructed through a literature review and confirmed by an expert from the mining company. The result explains the causal loop between sustainability and financing. Improving ESG performance will increase financial support from global investors and financial institutions. To support practice and concept sustainability in Indonesia, the government should encourage mining companies to increase local partnerships and CSR Allocation as it will support the company's financing activity and trigger community improvement. Creating a supporting environment to attract global investors to finance the mining company in Indonesia is also necessary. Keywords: Causal Loop Diagram, ESG Performance, Financial Performance, Mining Industry, Sustainability JEL : M14, Q01, G32

Psychiatric Rehabilitation in the GDR against the Background of Soviet Influences

The study describes developments and local models of psychiatric rehabilitation in the GDR and the USSR. After the Second World War patient care was focused on hospitals. The Rodewisch Theses and the Brandenburg Theses as well as the "Conception to improve the patient care for mentally ill people after 1980" were important suggestions. The GDR primary literature review shows that soviet concepts were often received. The principles of stages, continuity and sectorization set the stage for success here and there. Transition units such as psychoneurological dispensaries, the occupational/protected workshops and assisted residences, therapeutic clubs, day and night hospitals were created. The occupational therapy was intended to facilitate the transition into the normal working. As a consequence, during the 1970s and 1980s in the GDR a high level of employment of mentally ill people in the economy could be achieved.

HANDLING SHARIA ECONOMIC DISPUTES THROUGH NON-LITIGATION AND ITS RELATION TO MASLAḤAḤ

This research aims to analyze the handling of sharia economic disputes by passing through non-litigation channels with a Maslaḥaḥ asy-Syatibiyy perspective. This research is included in library research using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection is obtained through primary and secondary literature review. Data analysis is carried out by normative juridical analysis. then after in-depth analysis, conclusions are drawn. The results of this study indicate that 1) When we try to determining Maslaḥaḥ ash-Syatibiyy said that Maslaḥaḥ should be acceptable to reason and logic, because there is a rational factor. Maslaḥaḥ must be accepted without looking at reasons on the illat, namely on the rules of worship, must not conflict with Shara or qat'i evidence. So that This Maslaḥaḥ must go hand in hand with the purpose of shara, namely maqashid sharia in general,must also go hand in hand with Maslaḥaḥ which is required by shara even though there is no separate evidence, then Maslaḥaḥ which must lift the hardship that emphasizing religion 2) Maslaḥaḥ can be applied or in relevance to the resolution of Islamic economic disputes through non-court channels, namely peace and through the help of mediators because this can provide Maslaḥaḥ because Islam teaches to prioritize peace when there is a dispute between the parties but this is not the case. disputes between the parties but this only applies in the field of This only applies to the field of muamalah or sharia economics again if it relates to worship. 3) The correlation between handling Sharia economic disputes through non-litigation avenues and the concept of Maslaḥaḥ reveals a close relationship between the two. The resolution of Sharia economic disputes through non-litigation methods, such as mediation or negotiation, is often based on fundamental Maslaḥaḥ principles, which emphasize the importance of achieving welfare and justice in Islam