Primary Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty Research Articles

Development of the prediction model for negative outcomes after primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children: a retrospective study of 535 patients.

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) has been widely accepted as an effective method to treat ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in pediatric patients. Limited studies focused on the relationship between risk factors and negative outcomes. Our study aimed to seek independent risk factors for negative outcomes and construct a prognostic nomogram to assist clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. A total of 535 patients with UPJO treated with primary LP between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Negative outcomes were defined as restenosis requiring reoperation and grade III and IV complications based on the Clavien-Dindo grading system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to select risk factors for negative outcomes after LP and developed the prediction model. The model was internally validated by the parametric bootstrapping method. Among the 535 patients, 33 (6.2%) developed negative outcomes. Ten patients developed ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) restenosis and underwent secondary surgery. UPJ leakage (two cases), difficulty of urinating after the removal of the Double-J (DJ) stent (two cases), and ileus (two cases) were the most common grade IIIa complications, while distal ureteral stricture (five cases), hernia formation (three cases), and delayed wound healing around the fistula (two cases) were the most common grade IIIb complications. After univariate and multivariate logistic analyses, the patient's weight, preoperative anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APD), and difficulty of DJ stent insertion were independent risk factors for negative outcomes, and they were used to fit the prediction model. The Brier score was 0.048. The model was relatively well-calibrated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.756-0.906). Decision curve analysis illustrated good clinical utility. Primary LP is a safe and effective method for pediatric patients with UPJO. The patient's weight, preoperative APD, and difficulty of DJ stent insertion were independent risk factors for negative outcomes after LP. We established and validated a predictive model for negative outcomes after LP. With the help of this model, clinicians can make better decisions and improve patient outcomes.

Redo laparoscopic pyeloplasty for recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction: Propensity score matched analyses of a high-volume center.

PurposeReview the experience of redo laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RLP) in patients with recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in comparison to primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty (PLP) and redo open pyeloplasty (ROP), and determine the feasibility and effectiveness of RLP for recurrent UPJO in children.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients treated with transperitoneal PLP, RLP, and ROP for UPJO from December 2015 to December 2022. The Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance confounding variables. RLP patients were 1:4 matched with PLP and 1:3 matched with ROP. The primary outcomes were failure and post-operative complications. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo grading system.ResultsThe study included ten patients who underwent RLP, 43 patients who underwent ROP, and 412 patients who underwent PLP. The follow-up time ranged from 6 to 36 months in the RLP group, 12 to 60 months in the PLP group, and 24 to 54 months in the ROP group. In the RLP group, no failure but three post-operative complications (Clavien grade II) were observed during the follow-up. Compared with the PLP group, the older age, higher weight, larger pre-operative anteroposterior diameter (APD) and APD/cortical thickness (P/C ratio), longer operation time, and post-operative length of stay (LOS) in the RLP group (P < 0.05). After PSM, longer operation time and post-operative LOS were observed in the RLP group (P < 0.05). Compared with the ROP group, the older age, higher weight, and longer post-operative LOS in the RLP group (P < 0.05). After PSM, longer post-operative LOS was observed in the ROP group (P < 0.05). The failure and complication rates were comparable between RLP and PLP or RLP and ROP (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOur result demonstrated that RLP performed as well as PLP except for a longer operation time. Compared with ROP, RLP has the advantages of a clearer surgical view, sufficient exposure, clearer anatomical landmark position, and minor trauma with a comparable clinical outcome. On experienced hands, RLP for recurrent UPJO after is a safe and effective procedure and should be considered an excellent alternative to the more commonly recommended ROP in select patients.

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty of the pyeloureteral segment: our experience

The OBJECTIVE of the study was to analyze the results and to introduce our experience of the laparoscopic pyeloplasty regarding the stricture of the pyeloureteral segment.METHODS and MATERIALS. Our study represents results of treatment of 114 patients who had surgical treatment during the years 2013–2018. In that period, we made 114 primaries and 9 secondaries laparoscopic pyeloplasties with transperitoneal access. In this account, there were 43 men aged from 19 to 64 years, average age was (34.9±3.7), and 71 women aged from 19 to 77 years, average age was (39.2±4.2). All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the kidneys on the day of discharge and 3-5 days after stent extraction. Control examination, which included history taking, examination, clinical and biochemical blood analyses, clinical urine analysis and ultrasound of the kidneys were performed after 3 months. Plain and excretory urography were performed 6 and 18 months after surgical intervention. RESULTS. Operative removal of the stricture of the pyeloureteral segment was successful in 105 (92.2 %) out of 114 cases. 9 patients (7.8 % of the total number of operated patients) underwent repeated laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Duration stay after primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty was from 3 to 5 days, on average (3.9±0.7) days. Postoperative period after secondary pyeloplasty was without complications, the bed-day was from 3 to 6 days, on average (4.3±0.6) days.CONCLUSION. Our opinion is that the optimal method for surgical treatment of patients with primary and secondary strictures of the pyeloureteral segment is laparoscopic pyeloplasty. This kind of surgery has a favorable security profile and optimal postoperative results. Considering the possible causes of relapse of the stricture of the pyeloureteral segment, we came to the conclusion that the frequency of relapse is mainly connected with selected suture material, which determines the severity of scar changes.

Laparoscopic redo pyeloplasty in children: comparison with laparoscopic primary pyeloplasty

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has become fairly established in children. However, there are only a few reports on the use of laparoscopy for redo pyeloplasty. Laparoscopic redo pyeloplasty for previously failed open pyeloplasty can be quite challenging, due to the extensive adhesions and fibrosis following the previous operation. In this paper, we compare our experience with laparoscopic primary pyeloplasty with laparoscopic redo pyeloplasty after previous failed open pyeloplasty in children. We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasties performed by a single surgeon over a 2-year period. Data were retrieved from operative and follow-up records. Patients undergoing primary pyeloplasty were compared to those undergoing redo pyeloplasty. Clinical, operative and follow-up data were compared between the two groups. Ultrasound examination was repeated 3–6 months after the surgery; success of pyeloplasty was defined as absence of symptoms and improvement in hydronephrosis compared with pre-operative testing. Statistical analysis was done using software; Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test were used where applicable, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Of 104 laparoscopic pyeloplasties, 95 were primary and 9 redo pyeloplasties. All redo pyeloplasties had previous failed open pyeloplasty done elsewhere (once in 7 and twice in 2). Laparoscopic pyeloplasty was done using three ports, with antegrade double J stent placement at the time of pyeloplasty, which was removed after 4–6 weeks. The comparison between the two groups is given in Table 1. The mean age at surgery and the laparoscopic operative time was significantly higher (40% higher) in children undergoing redo pyeloplasty. The length of stay and post-operative complications were not significantly different between both the groups. At follow-up, laparoscopic pyeloplasty was considered successful in 74/74 (100%) primary and 9/9 (100%) redo pyeloplasties. In this large single-surgeon series, laparoscopic redo pyeloplasty for previous failed open pyeloplasty in children was found to be feasible, safe and effective, comparable to primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty. However, even in expert hands, the operating time was significantly more for redo cases.

Primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children: A single-center experience of 279 patients and analysis of possible factors affecting complications

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) has been widely used in the treatment of pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). However, no prior reports with a large pediatric series have focused on the analysis of complications and impact factors of the outcomes. We hypothesized there were risk factors of higher Clavien grade postoperative complications. To analyze the characteristics of complications and risk factors of high Clavien grade postoperative complications. All children with UPJO treated with primary transperitoneal LP between July 2016 and July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The Clavien complication grades in groups with different weight, intraoperative complication (drainage methods), anteroposterior pelvic diameters (APPD), side, gender, title of surgeon, preoperative presentation and obstruction reason were compared. Of the 279 children, intraoperative complications in which the placement of double-J stents was not accomplished and conversion to open surgery (Satava grade II) occurred in 17 (6.09%) and 2 (0.72%) patients, respectively. A total of 270 patients (277 kidneys) were included in the analysis of postoperative complications. Postoperative complications occurred in 51 (18.89%) patients. The most frequent postoperative incident was febrile UTI in 27 patients. Of the 13 patients who required reoperations, 6 patients had kidney restenosis and were considered as failure of surgery. All complications with an exact onset time occurred within 10 months after surgery. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, weight <10kg and having intraoperative complication with nephrostomy tube were risk factors of higher Clavien postoperative complication grade (P＜0.05). Patients who were <10kg in weight and having intraoperative complication with nephrostomy tube had a greater risk of a higher Clavien grade postoperative complication. To reduce high Clavien grade postoperative complications, asymptomatic patients under 10kg in weight and having intraoperative complication with nephrostomy tube need close monitoring. In the 26 patients who had an exact time of the postoperative complications, the longest time we found was 10 months. Thus, we recommend the follow-up time required to observe postoperative complications in patients should be at least 10 months after surgery. LP has been proven to be safe and effective in children with a low rate of complications. Weight <10kg and having intraoperative complications with nephrostomy tube were risk factors of higher Clavien grade postoperative complications. Children with low weight and intraoperative complications need more attention in terms of the occurrence of complications.

252 - Primary Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty after Accidental Ureteral Section during Deep Endometriosis Surgery

252 - Primary Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty after Accidental Ureteral Section during Deep Endometriosis Surgery

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Following Open Pyeloplasty in Children.

Few studies have evaluated the role of laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in the setting of recurrent ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction following open dismembered pyeloplasty in the pediatric population. We present our experience at a single institution. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients treated with laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary UPJ obstruction from March 2003 to August 2011 at a single institution. These patients were age and temporally matched with a control group of patients undergoing primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty. In total, 5 patients were identified as having undergone laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary UPJ obstruction following open dismembered pyeloplasty. Operative time was longer in the secondary repair group compared with the control group (190 versus 141 minutes; P = .24), although this was complicated by 1 patient in the secondary repair group undergoing multiple procedures. Morphine equivalent use and length of stay were similar (4.1 versus 6.6 mg [P = .21] and 1.4 versus 1.2 days [P = .67] in control patients versus secondary repair patients, respectively). All of the 5 (100%) patients undergoing secondary repair had successful outcomes with improved hydronephrosis on ultrasound, and 4 of 4 (100%) had improved or normal T½ times on postoperative mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) renal scan. One family in each group declined the renal scan for personal reasons. No complications were noted with a mean follow-up time of 13 months in both groups. Laparoscopic repair of secondary UPJ obstruction is a well-tolerated and effective option. When this technique is compared with primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty, results appear equivalent even after failed open repair, with comparable postoperative narcotic requirement and length of stay. Further studies are needed to better define the role of secondary laparoscopic pyeloplasty in the pediatric population, especially with regard to cost compared with other open and minimally invasive techniques.

Usefulness of Short-Term Retrievable Ureteral Stent in Pediatric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

Methods of stenting after laparoscopic pyeloplasty have included indwelling Double-J stents and percutaneous nephrostomy tubes. The disadvantages of these methods are that they necessitate a second surgery for stent removal or require an external drainage bag. To circumvent these issues, the tolerance, safety and outcomes of using a Double-J ureteral stent with a dangler, permitting early office removal, was investigated in a series of pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasties. Medical records from a consecutive series of pediatric patients undergoing transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasties were reviewed. Indications for surgery included ipsilateral flank pain with severe hydronephrosis (12 patients), recurrent pyelonephritis with severe hydronephrosis (2), and hematuria and flank pain (6). All patients were discharged home within 24 to 48 hours of the procedure with prophylactic oral antibiotics. The stent was removed by postoperative day 18 during a followup office visit. Patient tolerance of the indwelling stent, outpatient removal and success of pyeloplasty were assessed. A total of 20 patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty by 1 surgeon (LAB) between 2001 and 2005. All patients underwent cystoscopy and retrograde Double-J ureteral stent placement before pyeloplasty under the same anesthesia. Mean patient age at operation was 11.3 years (median 11.3, range 4.6 to 17.2). Stents were left indwelling for a mean of 10.3 days (median 10, range 7 to 18). All patients tolerated the Double-J stent well, with 2 requiring anticholinergic therapy for mild urgency symptoms and 1 demonstrating urinary tract infection. All patients tolerated outpatient stent removal via the dangler at the office without discomfort. One patient was lost to followup. At a mean followup of 1.04 years (range 0.1 to 2.88) 17 of 19 patients (89%) had resolution of flank pain/urinary tract infections, with sonographic improvement in hydronephrosis with or without endoscopic intervention. Six patients (30%) had flank pain with or without continuous hydronephrosis and required re-stenting, and 3 also required balloon dilation. Of these 6 patients 2 (10%) had recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction and required open pyeloplasty. All patients are now clinically and radiologically unobstructed and asymptomatic. Pediatric transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty with indwelling Double-J ureteral stent with a dangler is successful and the stent is well tolerated. Whether the duration of ureteral stenting affects the surgical success will require further controlled long-term studies.

Management of Secondary Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction After Failed Primary Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

Management of Secondary Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction After Failed Primary Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty versus antegrade endopyelotomy: Comparison in 100 patients and a new algorithm for the minimally invasive treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction

The aim of this article is to assess the treatment efficacy of percutaneous endopyelotomy and laparoscopic pyeloplasty to establish a new algorithm in the minimally invasive treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Hospital records, office charts, and radiographic studies of patients with UPJO treated either endoscopically (n = 50), laparoscopically (n = 50), or by endopyeloplasty (n = 5) were reviewed. All percutaneous endopyelotomies were performed with a cold hook-knife technique, and all laparoscopic pyeloplasties were performed transperitoneally using an Anderson-Hynes dismembered anastomosis. Successful outcomes were defined as relief of obstruction as quantified by diuretic renal scans and/or relief of obstructive symptoms. All patients were followed for an average of 16.0 months (range, 2 to 42 months). In the endoscopically treated group, the average age was 44.6 ± 15.6 years, estimated blood loss (EBL) was 152.1 ± 112.8 mL, and the hospital stay was 2.5 ± 1.0 days. There was no significant change from preoperative to postoperative creatinine (1.2 ± 0.7 mg/dL to 1.2 ± 0.7 [106 ± 62 μmol/L ± 106 ± 62 μmol/L]). Success rates included 92% (35 of 38) for primary percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy and 58% (7 of 12) for secondary percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy. All of the primary percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy failures (n = 3) had either grade 3 or grade 4 hydronephrosis. In the laparoscopic pyeloplasty group the average age was 37.9 ± 14.8 years, EBL was 108.3 ± 109.4 mL, and the average hospital stay was 2.6 ± 0.9 days. There was no significant change from preoperative to postoperative creatinine (1.1 ± 0.4 mg/dL to 1.0 ± 0.4 mg/dL [97 ± 35 μmol/L to 97 ± 35 μmol/L]). Success rates included 100% (29 of 29) for primary repair and 95.2% (20 of 21) for secondary repair. There was no statistical difference in preoperative patient parameters or objective outcomes when comparing primary endopyelotomy and primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty. In skilled hands, highly successful outcomes can be expected when either antegrade endopyelotomy or laparoscopic pyeloplasty is used to treat a primary UPJO. In the instance of a UPJO associated with a high degree of hydronephrosis, patients may be better served with a laparoscopic pyeloplasty. To maximize an efficacious outcome, minimally invasive UPJO treatment decisions should be based on patient and surgeon preference, as directed by the presented algorithm.

MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION AFTER FAILED PRIMARY LAPAROSCOPIC PYELOPLASTY

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has been established as a minimally invasive alternative to open pyeloplasty. However, little is known about the treatment of patients in whom this technique fails. We present our experience with treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty. From August 1993 to September of 2003, 227 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Of these patients 10 (4.4%), including 6 females and 4 males 24 to 62 years old (mean age 42.1), underwent secondary treatment after laparoscopic pyeloplasty failed. The type of secondary intervention varied by anatomical factors, and patient and surgeon preference. Success was defined as symptomatic relief and improved radiographic imaging at latest followup. Secondary interventions were repeat laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 1 patient, retrograde endoscopic balloon dilation in 2 and endopyelotomy in 7 (laser, cold knife and cutting balloon endopyelotomy in 3, 2, and 2, respectively). No postoperative complications were seen. Patients were followed for a mean of 25.5 months (range 3 to 96) after the second procedure. Seven of 10 secondary interventions (70%) were successful with no obstruction on followup imaging. Three of 10 interventions (30%) failed, namely 1 laparoscopic pyeloplasty, 1 endoscopic balloon dilation and 1 laser endopyelotomy. Failure of the second procedure occurred at a mean of 9.3 months. When given the choice, most patients select endoscopic management after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty due to its minimally invasive nature and low complication rate. Success rates are 70% with repeat intervention. Some patients require a third intervention.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction: does CT angiography allow better selection of therapeutic modalities and better patient outcome?

To determine whether preoperative helical CT angiography (CTA) with three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images improves outcome in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) by identifying crossing vessels that may lead to surgical failure. Twenty-five patients with UPJO underwent imaging with CTA to identify crossing vessels. Patients with crossing vessels or severe hydronephrosis underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. In the absence of crossing vessels, and with >25% renal function on MAG-3 scan, the patient underwent an endopyelotomy. Procedures were assessed as successful by resolution of patient symptoms as well as relief of obstruction on renal scintography. Twenty-seven procedures (14 laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasties [9 in the setting of a crossing vessel], 11 ureteroscopic endopyelotomies, and two antegrade endopyelotomy procedures) were performed. Follow-up ranged from 2.4 to 40 months (mean 21.6 months). Twenty-three of the primary procedures (92.0%) were successful. Primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty was successful in 100% of patients, while primary endopyelotomy had a success rate of 83.3%. Both secondary procedures were successful rendering the patients unobstructed and pain free. No complications occurred. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA in determining crossing vessels was 78% and 40%, respectively. Helical CT angiography with 3D reconstructed images provides valuable preoperative information in patients with UPJO scheduled for surgical intervention. This study may be used in selecting patients for proper operative intervention according to the anatomy of crossing vessels to attain high treatment success rates.