Primary Job Research Articles

Beyond the 9-to-5: Unravelling the Pros and Cons of Moonlighting in Today’s Job Market

In current years, moonlighting, defined as the practice of performing multiple tasks simultaneously, has gained prominence as an integral part of the evolving business environment. The first section explains the meaning and theoretical basis of moonlight. We explore its historical background, legal implications, and impact on employee well-being through established research. The second section focuses on our research methodology, highlighting the data selection criteria included in this study, which are carefully detailed. Strong research practices ensure the accuracy of our findings. The third category classifies motivations for moonlight behaviour. From economic incentives to personal preferences, we explore why individuals choose to balance multiple roles. The fourth section includes sector-specific research that sheds light on broad moonlighting across sectors. We explore how moonlight and gig economy trends align with traditional employment models. The relationship between moonlighting and organizational commitment is explored in Section V. We examine whether moonlighting affects loyalty, participation, and performance in an employee’s primary job. Our paper concludes by summarizing the main takeaways and proposing avenues for future research. Moonlighting is a multifaceted phenomenon, and understanding its implications is critical for employees and employers alike. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on career mobility, and provides insights for policy makers, HR professionals, and scholars alike. As organizations adapt to the changing landscape, acknowledging and addressing moonlighting practices becomes essential for sustainable workforce management.

Unlocking Insights: Exploring the Profiles of School-Based Telefacilitators.

School-based telefacilitators are critical yet underresearched members of telepractice programs. They are the face of the telepractice program and are often telepractice champions in their communities. However, we have little research explaining the typical profile of telefacilitators, making it more difficult to identify personnel characteristics that contribute to the implementation of sustainable telepractice programs. The purpose of this study was to describe the typical profile and preparation of school-based telefacilitators for physical, occupational, and speech therapy in the United States. A cross-sectional survey gathered 21 telefacilitator responses about their primary job title, preparation, confidence, and basic demographics. Survey recruitment followed an adaptive sampling method with three phases: stratified random sampling, purposive sampling, and targeted convenience sampling. Results were analyzed using frequency counts and descriptive statistics where appropriate. Most respondents held the primary job title of paraprofessional, but a diverse range of titles were reported, including superintendents and directors of special education. Half of the respondents received various methods of formal training for the role, whereas the other half were self-taught. Overall levels of confidence in job performance were high, yet self-taught telefacilitators felt that lack of training negatively impacted their performance. Most respondents had a bachelor's degree or higher. There is a high degree of variability in the profile and preparation of telefacilitators. Inconsistency in terminology and lack of agreed-upon job responsibilities are significant barriers to studying the role of telefacilitators and the ability to plan telepractice staffing needs adequately. Clinical implications and opportunities for future investigation are highlighted. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27115216.

Online business: ambitious daughters and their suspicious career in China?

Purpose Online business can be an attractive career choice but bears gendered implications under China’s market economy. This study aims to examine how highly educated young women negotiate their career choice of online business, given their enhanced career ambitions and the persisting conservative views of their parents. It is to be examined how these factors interact in shaping women’s strategies and commitment to their nonconventional careers. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on 23 interviews with 18 women involved in online business. The interviews were coded by themes about how women perceive and make career choices to enter online business, the influence of various motivations (e.g., economic security, decency, autonomy and earning potential) and women’s interactions with their parents under gendered social expectations. The study analyzes and categorizes women’s varied strategies and levels of commitment in taking up online business, an attractive but suspicious career for highly educated young women. Findings The study finds that some women chose to conduct online business as a secondary job behind their stable and formal primary job; their compromise under parents’ preferences and social expectations as “compliant daughters,” willingly or forced, coexisted with their persisting interest in online entrepreneurship. Other women, or “self-determined daughters,” embraced online business as their primary job; some benefited from parents’ tolerant views, but others needed to handle the pressure of parental disapproval by hiding or proving their nonconventional career choices worthwhile. Originality/value This study speaks to the gendered opportunity-necessity framework of entrepreneurship by illustrating women’s multiple motivations in China’s market reforms and the rising online entrepreneurship dynamics. The findings contextualize women’s career choices in different family dynamics and suggest how social expectations and gender norms are imposed and transformed, with a focus on the shifting gendered concerns of opportunity, security and decency in an era of digital economy.

Perceived environmental uncertainty and job involvement: the mediating role of digital technology and organizational trust - a cross-sectional study in primary care facilities in the UK

BackgroundDigital maturity can help primary care facilities enhance their processes, communication, and adaptability to change, thereby fostering trust and job involvement. This study aimed to examine the causal relationships between perceived environmental uncertainty, digital maturity, organizational trust, and job involvement among managers of primary care facilities in the UK. The researchers applied socio-technical theory to examine the consequences of technology implementation on work practices and utilized contingency theory to ensure long-term stability in primary care facilities.MethodsThe study was conducted in the second quarter of 2023, surveying 200 managers from primary care facilities in the UK. The survey was conducted using a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method based on a purchased panel of respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling.ResultsThe results showed that perceived environmental uncertainty moderately impacts digital maturity. A greater level of perceived environmental uncertainty is related to greater organizational digital maturity, although perceived environmental uncertainty explains only 15.0% of the variance in digital maturity. The analysis also showed that the impact of digital maturity on organizational trust is positive, significant, and strong, while its impact on job involvement is positive and significant but rather moderate. Moreover, digital maturity mediates the relationship between environmental uncertainty and job involvement among managers of primary care facilities. The weakest link in the model is the connection between organizational trust and job involvement.ConclusionsThe analysis showed that digital maturity is key in shaping organizational trust in primary care facilities and job involvement among their managers. As organizations progress in their digital capabilities, they are better positioned to cultivate trust within their structures. The results of this research contribute to the literature on human resource management in the healthcare sector by deepening knowledge about the impact of environmental uncertainty and digital transformation on organizational trust and job involvement. This study provides important policy information for managers who seek tools to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental uncertainty and want to increase job involvement within primary care facilities.

The Corporate Chief of Staff: Strategic Leadership Influence From Outside the Spotlight

For decades, scholars of strategic leadership have explored the degree to which senior executives and the team of top managers influence firm outcomes. However, one growing quasi-executive role in corporate settings, the chief of staff (COS), has been almost entirely ignored. Our paper presents a novel, foundational exploration of the COS role, including primary job functions and challenges, characteristics and backgrounds of incumbents, and relevance for strategic leadership and upper echelons theory. We synthesize three original sources of data — 2,500 LinkedIn COS profiles, surveys of 108 COSs, and in-depth interviews of 13 current and former COSs — to identify COS tasks and functions that interface with and influence the CEO, the top management team (TMT), and the broader organization. Though not typically considered a member of the TMT, we find compelling evidence for their ‘behind the scenes’ relevance to strategic leadership processes and outcomes. We then lay out a future research agenda comprising four domains: COS influence on CEO attention and psychological states, COS influence on TMT and organizational processes and outcomes, characteristics and conditions of organizations with a COS, and long-term career trajectories of COSs.

К вопросу о деятельности экзекуторов в составе Кабардинского временного суда в 1822–1858 годах

The essay investigates the specifics of the executioners’ responsibilities in the Kabardian Provi-sional Court, which operated from 1822 until 1858. This topic has been investigated through re-ports, orders, communications, journal judgments of the temporary court, resolutions and inscrip-tions of higher authorities, and so on. The requirements for establishing the post of executor have been explored. The staff of the execution corps is described. Within the framework of this issue, attention is paid to: 1) standards for applicants for this position; 2) the procedure for selecting personnel for the position of executor; 3) personnel who ensure the activities of executors. The sequence of service and the executors’ efforts are regarded. Executors’ communications with oth-er institutions and authorities are classified into hierarchical and non-hierarchical categories. Cer-tain assumptions were made concerning the executioners’ geographical structure. The primary job of the executors is regarded, as it pertains to the implementation of rulings issued by the Kabardi-an Provisional Court and the head of the Caucasian Line Center. The executor’s attention is fo-cused on the expenses of performing this feature. It is found that the line officials had a significant role in coordinating the executioners’ activity.

Role of informal sector to combat unemployment in developing economy: A modeling study

In developing countries, informal sector is the primary job provider for a significant portion of the workforce. This study aims to analyze how jobs in the informal sector affect the unemployment dynamics of developing nations. To achieve this goal, we formulate a nonlinear mathematical model by categorizing the considered workforce into three distinct classes: unemployed, employed, and self-employed, and include a separate dynamic variable to represent vacancies within the informal sector. The proposed model is analyzed using the qualitative theory of dynamical systems. A threshold quantity known as the reproduction number is derived and using this, one can compute the job generation rate necessary to stabilize the system. It is observed that variations in the reproduction number lead to qualitative changes, such as transcritical (forward or backward) and saddle-node bifurcations in the formulated system. Moreover, we propose an optimal control problem to determine an optimal strategy for government policy implementation in enhancing the employment rate of unemployed individuals and promoting the self-employment of informal employees inside the informal sector. Further, the analytical findings are validated numerically. The obtained results suggest that promoting the self-employment of informal employees for job generation effectively reduces unemployment.

PhD holders at the boundaries and knowledge brokering

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of PhDs pursuing careers at the boundaries between academic and non-academic sectors, particularly with multiple transitions and dual appointments. However, the professional links that PhD holders pursuing non-academic careers maintain with academia and how these relate to different knowledge brokering activities across sectors remain unexplored. To fill this gap, 39 PhD holders working beyond academia in Spain in the fields of Social Sciences, Humanities, and STEM were interviewed. The results revealed that PhD holders navigate diverse professional links with academia, including both organisational and individual-based links, and are involved in a variety of knowledge brokering activities gathered in four distinct qualitative profiles: the professional co-creator, the valuable knowledge holder, the bridge builder, and the knowledgeable associate lecturer. The profiles highlighted a complex relationship with academia, suggesting that in some cases deploying academic links does not secure or explain brokering activities. Moreover, results underscore the influence of career factors such as the organisational culture and support, the research performance in their primary job position, and the disciplinary background. Several research and practical implications of the study are discussed.

Investigating the Critical Velocity of Cement Slurry with Contamination and Applying the Results to Improve Primary Cementing Job Design

Investigating the Critical Velocity of Cement Slurry with Contamination and Applying the Results to Improve Primary Cementing Job Design

Comparative Study of Planting Time, Growth Regulator and Biofertilizer on Growth, Yield S and Quality of Strawberry Cv Chandler

Climate, growth promoting hormones and soil nutrition are all necessary conditions for the production of any crop. The primary job is also to determine the ideal planting period for optimum crop yield. In order to improve strawberry growth, yield, and quality parameters a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the comparative study of planting time, growth regulator and biofertilizer on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv Chandler at Horticultural Research Center, Chauras Campus, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India, during two growing seasons 2018-19 and 2019-20. The present experiment consists of three factors with a total of 08 treatments which was replicated thrice on strawberry cultivar Chandler at different planting time viz., 15th August, 5th September, 25th September and 15th October with the application of various GA3 concentration viz., no GA3 (without application), 50 ppm GA3, 75 ppm GA3, 100 ppm GA3 and with and without treatment with Azotobacter. The treatment under15th October planting time, 75 ppm GA3 concentration with Azotobacter was found most effective for most of the growth, yield and quality traits viz.,plant height (34.57 cm), leaf area (104.66 cm2), number of runners/plant (8.60), days taken to full blooming (202.00), fruit setting % (89.17), days taken to final harvest (214.44), fresh weight of fruit (15.93 g), fruit yield/plant (327.09 g), TSS (9.07 0Brix), vitamin C (67.70 mg/100g), sugar content (7.08%) and juice content (91.06%) whereas the minimum values for most of the characters was observed with 15th August planting time and without application of GA3 and Azotobacter treatment.

Examining the Relationship Between Managerial Trustworthiness Behaviors of Primary School Principals and Teachers' Job Satisfaction

Examining the Relationship Between Managerial Trustworthiness Behaviors of Primary School Principals and Teachers' Job Satisfaction

Role of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) In Improving Lecturers’ Performance

Educators serve as primary stakeholders profoundly shaping the caliber of tertiary educational establishments. Various determinants impact educator performance, encompassing competencies, motivational factors, discipline, and leadership qualities, as well as Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), where employees’ actions surpass their primary job responsibilities. This study intends to experimentally demonstrate the impact of workplace spirituality on the productivity of Lecturers in the Muhammadiyah Aisiyah College (PTMA) setting, both directly and indirectly. To gather empirical data on the impact of workplace spirituality on the performance of PTMA lectures, this study used a quantitative method with a causality design. A questionnaire completed by 260 academics was used to obtain the data. The PLS method and structural equation modeling were used to examine the data. processing data with the SMARTPLS program. According to the study's findings, OCB is positively and significantly influenced by the spiritual workplace, and both OCB and performance are positively and significantly impacted by the spiritual workplace's impact on PTMA lecturers’ performance. The final significant finding is that OCB can enhance performance in spiritual workplaces. These findings have consequences for PTMA managers, and it is vital to encourage an increase in OCB by bolstering the spiritual workplace in the PTMA they oversee to boost the performance of their lecturers.

An Exploration of Multitasking Scheduling Considering Interruptible Job Assignments, Machine Aging Effects, the Influence of Deteriorating Maintenance, and Symmetry

The unique topic of allocating and scheduling tasks on a single machine in a multitasking environment is the main emphasis of this research, which also takes into account the effects of worsening maintenance and job-dependent aging effects. In this scenario, the performance and efficiency of the machine in handling different tasks should be symmetric, without significant bias due to the nature or size of the tasks. In a multitasking environment, waiting for jobs can disrupt the processing of the primary job being currently handled. As a result, the actual time required to complete a task becomes erratic and contingent upon the duration of the disruption. In addition to figuring out the best time for maintenance, where to put the due-window, and how big it should be in a multitasking environment, the primary objective is to minimize the costs associated with meeting due-window regulations. To tackle this problem, we propose two optimal algorithms. Additionally, we conduct numerical experiments to compare our approach with the classic due date assignment problem. Interestingly, we observe that in most cases, the average and minimum percentage costs tend to increase as the quantity of jobs increases. However, it is noteworthy that, when the number of jobs is relatively small, specifically when it does not exceed 20, there are instances where these costs decrease with an increase in the number of jobs.

Expectations of First-Generation Students and Continuing-Generation Students: How Faculty Can Make a Difference

Faculty have a responsibility in how they set up and manage their classroom environment, positioning them to successfully aid in student persistence and retention. But they are often not included in university initiatives or conversations about the effect their pedagogy has on retention. They may also not see retention as part of their primary or secondary job responsibilities, assuming this is the role of student services or university administration. Good pedagogy requires faculty to create an inviting space where students can come together as a community to learn, and recognizes the unique characteristics of students in the classroom. This study examined differences between first-generation students and continuing-generation students regarding college classroom environments from data collected in late fall 2016. Implications and recommendations for practice are discussed using pedagogical content knowledge and asset-minded teaching strategies as frameworks for student success.

Having a Say in Patient Care: Factors Associated with High and Low Voice among Home Care Workers

ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with high and low “voice”—or level of input in patient care decisions—among home care workers (HCWs), an often marginalized workforce that provides care in the home to older adults and those with chronic conditions. DesignWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey assessing experiences of HCWs in caring for adults with heart failure. The survey measured HCWs’ voice using a validated, 5-item instrument. Setting and ParticipantsThe survey was conducted virtually from June 2020 to July 2021 in partnership with the 1199 Service Employees International Union (1199SEIU) Training and Employment Funds, a union labor management fund. English- or Spanish-speaking HCWs employed by a certified or licensed home care agency in New York, NY, were eligible. MethodsHCW voice was the main outcome of interest, which we assessed by tertiles (low, medium, and high, with medium as the referent group). Using multinominal logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the relationship between participant characteristics and low and high levels of voice. ResultsThe 261 HCWs had a mean age of 48.4 years (SD 11.9), 96.6% were female, and 44.2% identified as Hispanic. A total of 38.7% had low voice, 37.9% had medium voice, and 23.4% had high voice. In the adjusted model, factors associated with low voice included Spanish as a primary language (OR 3.71, P = .001), depersonalization-related burnout (OR 1.14, P = .04), and knowing which doctor to call (OR 0.19, P < .001). Factors associated with high voice included Spanish as a primary language (OR 2.61, P = .04) and job satisfaction (OR 1.22, P = .001). Conclusions and ImplicationsOrganizational factors such as team communication practices—including among non-English speakers—may play an important role in HCW voice. Improving HCW voice may help retain HCWs in the workforce, but future research is needed to evaluate this.

Knowledge‐based deep learning system for classifying Alzheimer's disease for multi‐task learning

AbstractDeep learning has recently become a viable approach for classifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) in medical imaging. However, existing models struggle to efficiently extract features from medical images and may squander additional information resources for illness classification. To address these issues, a deep three‐dimensional convolutional neural network incorporating multi‐task learning and attention mechanisms is proposed. An upgraded primary C3D network is utilised to create rougher low‐level feature maps. It introduces a new convolution block that focuses on the structural aspects of the magnetic resonance imaging image and another block that extracts attention weights unique to certain pixel positions in the feature map and multiplies them with the feature map output. Then, several fully connected layers are used to achieve multi‐task learning, generating three outputs, including the primary classification task. The other two outputs employ backpropagation during training to improve the primary classification job. Experimental findings show that the authors’ proposed method outperforms current approaches for classifying AD, achieving enhanced classification accuracy and other indicators on the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. The authors demonstrate promise for future disease classification studies.

A critical analysis of the inclusivity of primary headteacher job advertisements

Previous research demonstrates the specific wording employed in recruitment materials can impact on an applicants perceived fit with the role being advertised, their inclination to apply and has included analysis of the effect of different text on under-represented groups. However, little research has explored the recruitment materials for specific roles, such as headteachers. A review of job advertisement research was used to synthesis a framework for the critical analysis of UK primary headteacher recruitment materials, a highly relevant area for exploration given the persistent lack of diversity in teaching leadership. This research concludes that primary headteacher recruitment materials are not inclusive as they do not explicitly encourage nor support diversity of appeal or engagement with recruitment processes, and has surfaced considerable scope for enhanced practice. No (0) job advertisements contained: job-sharing/flexible working opportunity; relevant employee benefits, for example, tax-free childcare; or a diversity statement/positive action initiative. Diversity is further undermined via inconsistent and unrealistic expectations in both person specifications and job descriptors. Highly inconsistent applicant packs and wide variation in advertised salary bands were unexpected findings that suggest a ‘cottage industry’ approach to primary headteacher recruitment and underpin recommendations for developing good practice and writing inclusive teaching leadership advertisements.

Primary care pharmacist jobs could be at risk following changes to ARRS funding

Primary care pharmacist jobs could be at risk following changes to ARRS funding

SUITABILITY OF REFERENCE STANDARDS TO INTEGRATE ERGONOMICS IN ARCHITECTURE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN BANGLADESH

Introduction: Buildings are a very important part of our lives because we spend so much time there. A primary job of an architect is to assure that the buildings we live in accommodate the human activities that take place within them. Therefore, anthropometric datasets are important tools for the architect. Unfortunately, anthropometric datasets relevant to the functions that take place in buildings are relatively scarce, even as part of the architect’s academic experience. Architects mostly depend on a few reference standards that may not fit the local population. The purpose of the research described here is to contribute to the filling of this gap with an anthropometric dataset for the Bangladeshi population that can serve as a source of data in the field of architecture. Methods: Body measurements of 130 people, 66 male and 64 female, are taken at 38 different postures. The postures are selected from the reference standards and considering the local practice. Then the measurements are examined with descriptive statistics and compared with the reference standards to check the differences. Results: This comparison indicates that the Bangladeshi people are considerably smaller; therefore, the practiced reference standards are not appropriate for Bangladesh, and presumably South Asia. Further research is required for a comprehensive anthropometric database. The presented dataset can serve as a source of data for the design of residential and other buildings in Bangladesh as well as other South Asian countries.

Multitasking scheduling with shared processing

AbstractRecently, the problem of multitasking scheduling has raised a lot of interest in the service industries. Hall et al. (Discrete Applied Mathematics, 2016) proposed a shared processing multitasking scheduling model which allows a team to continue to work on the primary tasks while processing the routinely scheduled activities as they occur. With a team being modeled as a single machine, the processing sharing of the machine is achieved by allocating a fraction of the processing capacity to routine jobs and the remaining fraction, which we denote as sharing ratio, to the primary jobs. In this paper, we generalize this model to parallel machines and allow the fraction of the processing capacity assigned to routine jobs to vary from one to another. The objectives are minimizing makespan and minimizing the total completion time of primary jobs. We show that for both objectives, there is no polynomial time approximation algorithm unless P=NP if the sharing ratios are arbitrary for all machines. Then we consider the problems where the sharing ratios on some machines have a constant lower bound. For each objective, we analyze the performance of the classical scheduling algorithms and their variations and then develop a polynomial time approximation scheme when the number of machines is a constant.