Primary Health Care Centers In Jeddah Research Articles

Assessing Dietary Habits of Saudi Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Healthcare Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Assessing Dietary Habits of Saudi Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Healthcare Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Treatment Burden and Medication Adherence Among Primary Care Patients with Multimorbidity in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Multimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions, presents significant challenges in treatment management and medication adherence. This study investigates the burden of multimorbidity and factors influencing treatment adherence among primary care patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2023, including 422 participants selected via stratified random sampling from 12 primary healthcare centers in Jeddah. Participants were adults aged 18 years or older with two or more confirmed long-term medical conditions. The Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) and General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) were used to measure treatment burden and medication adherence, respectively. Demographic variables were assessed for their influence on these outcomes. High treatment burden was reported by 55% of participants, while 21% reported medium burden, 15% experienced low burden and 9% no burden. Medication adherence was partial in 69% of participants, with 13% reporting high adherence, 13% good adherence, and 5% poor adherence. Statistically significant differences in MTBQ scores were observed based on marital status, education level, residence, occupation, and income. GMAS scores varied statistically significantly with marital status, education level, residence, occupation, income, and previous self-care education session attendance and MTBQ scores, with those having high burden reporting the lowest adherence scores. Demographic factors, including marital status, education level, residence, occupation, and income, significantly influence multimorbidity treatment burden and medication adherence. A higher treatment burden was associated with lower adherence. Targeted interventions addressing these factors could improve treatment outcomes for patients with multiple chronic conditions.

Distribution of Primary Healthcare Centers Between 2017 and 2021 Across Saudi Arabia.

Access to adequate healthcare systems is seen as a fundamental human right. Therefore, healthcare services must be distributed and accessiblein the most efficient way possible to those who need them the most. Primary healthcarecentersare the backbone of any healthcare system as they provide essential healthcare services to the general population. Inequalities in the distribution of primary healthcare centers can lead to disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. This study aimed to assess the equity of primary healthcare centers distribution, we analyzed and evaluated the allocation of primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia from 2017 to 2021. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Health Statistical Yearbook published by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, during the period of 2017-2021. The number of primary healthcarecenters per 10,000 population was calculated for the 20 health regions. We used the Gini indexto measure inequalityin the distribution of primary healthcarecenters. The Pearson coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between the number ofprimary healthcarecenters and the population in each health region. The overall ratio of primary healthcare centers to population decreased from 0.72 to 0.62 between 2017 and 2021. The Gini index showed relative equality in the distribution of primary healthcare centers from 2017 to 2021 with values between 0.2 and 0.3. There was a positivecorrelation between the population and the primary healthcare centers in Jeddah, Tabouk, and the Northern Region. However, in Riyadh, Makkah, Taif, Madinah, Qaseem, Eastern Region, Al-Ahsa, Aseer, Hail, Jazan, Najran, Al-Baha, and Al-Jouf, the correlation was found to be negative. From 2017 to 2021, primary healthcare facilities are distributed fairly throughout20 health regions of Saudi Arabia.However, there are still some disparities between provinces, and efforts must be made to ensure that primary healthcare centers are distributed equitably across the country to improve healthcare access and outcomes for all.

The role of oral and prenatal healthcare providers in the promotion of oral health for pregnant women

BackgroundHormonal alterations and lowered immunity during pregnancy aggravated by poor oral hygiene increase the risk of pregnant women of developing oral diseases. We conducted this cross-sectional study to examine the role of oral and prenatal health providers in promoting dental care for pregnant women attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Saudi Arabia.MethodsAn online questionnaire was sent to a random sample of women who attended PHCs in Jeddah, during 2018–2019. From a total of 1350 women who responded to our questionnaire, 515 women reported having a dental visit before pregnancy. These women comprised our study sample. Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression models were conducted to examine associations between oral practices of dental and prenatal health providers (exposures) and women’s utilization of dental care during pregnancy (outcome). Covariates included age, education (< 12 years of education, 12 years of education, and > 12 years of education), family income (≤ 5,000, 5,001–7,000, 7,001–10,000, and > 10,000 Saudi Riyals), health insurance (yes/no), nationality (Saudi Arabian/non-Saudi Arabian), and presence of dental problems, such as toothache, dental caries, gingival inflammation, and the need for dental extractions.ResultsOnly 30.0% of women were informed by a dentist during their dental visit before pregnancy about the importance of visiting a dentist during pregnancy. About 37.0% of women were asked about oral health, 34.4% were informed about the importance of dental care during pregnancy, and 33.2% had their mouths inspected by prenatal health providers. Women informed by dentists about the importance of dental visits during pregnancy were twice as likely (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–3.60) to visit a dentist during pregnancy. Women who were referred to dentists, had their mouth inspected, or were advised to visit a dentist during pregnancy by prenatal providers were 4.29 (95% CI: 2.67–6.88), 3.79 (95% CI: 2.47–5.82), and 3.37 (95% CI: 2.16–5.27) times as likely to visit a dentist during pregnancy.ConclusionThe partaking of oral and prenatal healthcare providers in evidence-based oral health promotion practices, antenatal-dental collaboration, and closing the referral loop increase pregnant women’s access to and utilization of preventive and treatment dental services.

Primary Care Physician's Perception and Satisfaction With Telehealth in the National Guard Primary Healthcare Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2022.

Background Telehealth is a tool to facilitate the connection between patients and their healthcare providers. With the recent emergence of telehealth, implementation of this service in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) has been accompanied by specific challenges despite the high levels of satisfaction reported. This study aimed to assess the factors that affect clinicians' perceptions and satisfaction with telehealth in National Guard PHCs to help explore and overcome any barriers and challenges. Methods A cross-sectional survey was distributed among primary healthcare physicians using virtual clinics in the National Guard PHCs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2022. A validated questionnaire from previous literature was used to evaluate clinicians' perceptions and satisfaction with telehealth. Results The study included 53 primary healthcare physicians, with an overall response rate of 90%. Most physicians (77%) were satisfied with their overall experience with offering virtual visits. Nevertheless, 72% of physicians perceived patients' limited technical knowledge, and 70% considered limited access to technology a significant barrier against virtual visits. Higher satisfaction levels were significantly associated with those who did not consider the lack of integration of virtual visits with current workflow or electronic medical records (EMRs) a significant barrier to conducting virtual visits (p-value =0.005). Conclusion Despite the undeniable advantages of telehealth, barriers, and challenges remain extant and can influence clinicians' satisfaction. Continuous monitoring for improvements is needed to enhance the telehealth experience.

Physicians' Knowledge, Practices, and Perceptions of Reporting Communicable Diseases at Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Jeddah has the highest international traffic and is among the most diverse cities in Saudi Arabia. The chance of importing an emerging communicable disease is significant, particularly during the religious seasons. Therefore, timely and accurate reporting of communicable diseases at primary health care centers (PHCCs) is crucial. Objectives The main objective of this study wasto assess physicians' knowledge, practices, and perceptions of reporting communicable diseases at PHCCs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study comprising 143 physicians from all PHCCs in Jeddah from October 2017 to February 2018. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data to assess the physicians' knowledge, practices, and perceptions related to reporting communicable diseases at PHCCs. Results A total of 106 physicians participated in the study.Although only 21.7% of the physicians had received training on reporting communicable diseases, the average knowledge score for the six commonly reported diseases was 72%. More than half (58.5%) of the physicians indicated that they had reported at least one disease. However, there was no agreement on who should be responsible for reporting communicable diseases at PHCCs. Furthermore, some obstacles were perceived that could prevent disease reporting, including physicians not knowing which diseases to report (66%), not knowing how or whom to report to (54.7%), and a limited diagnostic or laboratory capacity (52.8%). Conclusions Reporting communicable diseases at PHCCs was of adequate quality. However, some obstacles must be addressed, and regular applied training must be provided. More extensive assessments are needed to improve the reporting of communicable diseases locally and nationally.

Levels of Practice and Determinants of Diabetes Self-Care in Primary Health Care in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.

ObjectiveTo assess the level and determinants of practice in diabetes self-management at primary health care centers (PHCCs) and to analyze the association of self-management with the level of glycemic control.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, aged ≥ 17 years, and being followed at PHCCs in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from December 1, 2019, to December 30, 2019. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 350 participants from five PHCCs. The level of practice in self-management was assessed using the Arabic version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. The tool was administered as a face-to-face interview, followed by the collection of sociodemographic and relevant clinical data. In addition, blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c levels. The association of the overall SDSCA score with diabetes control was analyzed using linear regression and the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve. Multivariate binary logistic regression was carried out to analyze independent factors of inadequate practice.ResultThe overall mean (SD) SDSCA score was 3.13 (1.13)/7. Of the five dimensions of self-care, medication adherence yielded the highest score (mean=5.39 days per week), followed by diet (2.83) and blood glucose monitoring (2.78), while footcare had the lowest level of practice (2.26). The SDSCA score showed a negative correlation with the level of HbA1c, with a correlation coefficient r-squared =0.530 and regression coefficient B=-0.648 (p <0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that optimal glycemic control was associated with SDSCA score cutoff ≥3.5 with 82.0% sensitivity and 77.0% specificity, and the model showed that 38.0% of participants had adequate practice in self-management. Inadequate practice in diabetes self-management was independently associated with age >50 years (OR=2.00 [95%CI=1.02, 3.89]), rental accommodation (OR=0.42 [95%CI=0.23, 0.76]), independent job (OR=3.98 [95%CI=1.66, 9.57]), and longer duration of diabetes (≥8 years) (OR=4.25 [95%CI=1.82, 9.92]).ConclusionThere are low levels of diabetes self-management among patients being followed at Jeddah PHCCs. This is associated with suboptimal glycemic control among the majority of the patients, indicating the importance of self-management to improve diabetes control. Patient health literacy and education for self-management should be considered the standard of care for diabetic patients in all PHCCs, with specific attention to subcategories of patients with the lowest levels of practice in self-management such as those with a longer duration of diabetes and the elderly.

Levels and determinants of knowledge about chronic migraine diagnosis and management among primary health-care physicians in ministry of health, Jeddah 2019.

Background:Chronic migraine (CM) poses a significant burden for patients, and it has multiple diagnostic and managemental challenges, particularly among primary health-care physicians (PCPs).Objectives:The objective of this study is to assess the levels of knowledge regarding CM diagnosis and management among PCPs and to explore the factors associated with poor knowledge.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among PCPs working at primary health-care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured questionnaire comprising 20 items related to CM diagnosis and treatment was used.Results:A total of 136 PCPs responded (aged 36.4 ± 8.1, 68.4% were females). The overall median (P75) knowledge score was 13.0 (15.0), and 45.6% of the participants had adequate knowledge (score > median). The majority of respondents (>50%) could not identify the lower limits of CM duration, the necessity of identifying at least eight migraine attacks in a month, the importance of managing medication overuse, and the indication of topiramate as the most efficacious agent in CM. Young physicians (23–35 years), bachelor graduates, general practitioners (GPs), and those having ≤5 years of experience scored lower than their peers. Physicians with 6–10 years of clinical experience were independently more knowledgeable than less-experienced PCPs (odds ratio = 5.09, P = 0.006).Conclusion:Knowledge regarding CM diagnosis and treatment was inadequate among PCPs, which could detrimentally influence the patterns of referral to secondary health-care facilities. Given these observations, it is recommended to amend the academic curricula for medical students/GPs and adopt continuing medical education programs for PHPs to support their levels of knowledge.

Prevalence and determinant of insomnia among family physician and nurses working in primary health care center of ministry of health in Jeddah in 2018, Cross sectional study

Introduction: Insomnia as lack of sleep or poor sleep quality affects psychological and physiological health among Health Care Personnel (HCP) primarily physicians and nurses that pose a threat on the quality of services their giving and safety to deal with patients. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the prevalence of insomnia among physician and nurses working in Primary Health Care (PHC) centers of the Ministry of Health in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia as well as to increased insomnia awareness on its risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 144 physicians and nurses from 8 PHC centers in Jeddah. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Participants has average age of 35.06 ± 6.0, years of professional practice was 11.03 ± 6.7 (N=143). Insomnia prevalence among physicians and nurses working in PHC centers in Jeddah was 29.2%. In this study, insomnia or poor sleep quality was found significantly associated to demographic characteristics such as years in practice and presence of a child pre-existing health and metal conditions such as to emotional stress, chronic disease, bad moods and loss of interest in things interested before. Prediction models showed risk factors such as emotional stress, chronic disease, bad moods and years in practice were the most significant contributors to insomnia or poor sleep quality among participants. Conclusions: Among these risk factors, emotional stressor, chronic disease, bad moods and years in practice were the most effective contributors to insomnia. Keywords: Prevalence, Determinants, Insomnia, Primary health care center, Physicians, Nurses.

Prevalence and Determinants of Over-the-Counter Analgesics Usage among Patients attending Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and describe the pattern of OTC use among patients attending primary healthcare (PHC) centers, and to assess their knowledge and attitude regarding the related side effects. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 adult patients attending the General Medicine clinic in 10 selected PHC centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data collected included socioeconomic parameters, practice and pattern of OTC analgesics use in past 6 months, knowledge and attitude about OTC analgesics, and safety assessment. Results: Results showed that 84.4% of the participants were using OTC analgesics, at least twice per week in 59.3% of the cases, and for Key words: Analgesics, Auto medication, Non-steroid anti-inflammatory, Over-the-counter, Painkiller, Paracetamol.

Prevalence and determinants of antenatal depression among women attending primary health care centers in Western Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:To measure the prevalence of antenatal depression among pregnant women attending the primary health care (PHC) antenatal care clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to determine associated factors.Methods:Following a cross-sectional study design, 320 pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinics in the Ministry of Health PHC Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between January 1st 2017 and February 15th 2017 were interviewed. A self-administered questionnaire used for data collection asked about socio-demographic variables and included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Results:The most common contributor was the harming herself (mean±SD, 2.7±0.60). Factors significantly associated with depression among participants were the number of daughters, previous diagnosis of depression, and financial problems.Conclusions:The prevalence of antepartum depression among pregnant women in Jeddah is 57.5%, and the greatest contributor is the thought of harming herself.

Demographic determinants of patient satisfaction among hypertensive and patients with diabetes in primary health care centers, Jeddah

Background: Patient satisfaction has been widely investigated in health care research as an indicator of the quality of care. It has been viewed as an important tool for assessment of the level of care from the patient's perspective. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the degree of chronic patients’ satisfaction towards services provided through the primary health care (PHC) centers in Jeddah city and to determine the demographic characteristics of the patients that might affect their overall perception of satisfaction about the provided services. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted where 400 chronic disease patients were selected randomly from eight centers where they were invited to fill predesigned questionnaire prepared to assess their satisfaction about the health services. Results: The overall satisfaction score accounted for 3.7/5 which approximate to 74%, and the highest scores were reported for their satisfaction about the performance and behavior of nurses and physicians. Monthly income was the significant determinant for overall satisfaction; the highest is the income the lowest is the level of satisfaction. Among other determinants which showed statistical significance with satisfaction subscales were age and educational level of with easiness of access to the center; the older patient is more satisfied than the younger one while the highest is the educational level the lowest is the level of satisfaction. Conclusion: Patients with chronic disease are remarkably satisfied about the services provided in PHC centers in Jeddah; and the level of satisfaction is influenced significantly by the age, educational level, and monthly income.

Barriers Facing Primary Health Care Physicians When Dealing with Emergency Cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:To estimate the prevalence of emergency cases reporting to Primary Health Care centers (PHC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to explore the barriers facing PHC physicians when dealing with such emergency cases.Methods:A cross-sectional analytic study, where all physicians working in the PHC of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jeddah; were invited to participate (n=247). The study period was from July 2013 till December 2013. Data were collected through two sources. 1- A self-administered questionnaire used to determine the physicians’ perceived competence when dealing with emergency cases. 2- A structured observation sheet used to evaluate availability of equipment, drugs, ambulances and other supporting facilities required to deal with emergency cases.Results:The response rate was 83.4%. The physicians’ age ranged between 25 and 60 years with a mean ±SD of 34.4±7.5 years. Majority of them (83.5%) did not attend ATLS courses at all whereas 60.7% never attended ACLS courses. The majority (97.1%) had however attended BLS courses. Physicians in the age group 36-45 years, non-Saudi, those who had SBFM, those who reported experience in working in emergency departments and physicians who reported more working years in PHCCs (>5 years) had a significant higher score of perceived level of competence in performing emergency skill scale than others (P<0.05). The prevalence of emergency cases attending PHC in Jeddah (2013) was 5.2%.Conclusion:Emergency services at PHC in Jeddah are functioning reasonably well, but require fine tuning of services and an upgrade in their quality.

Prevalence of urinary incontinence among Saudi women

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of female urinary incontinence (UI) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; to determine associated risk factors; and to identify healthcare-seeking behavior among affected women. MethodsA cross-sectional study of women attending Ministry of Health primary healthcare centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was conducted. Participants completed a questionnaire that evaluated factors associated with UI. ResultsThe mean age of the 379 participants was 35years and the median parity was 4. The overall prevalence of UI was 41.4% (95% CI, 36.6–46.5). Stress UI, urgency UI, and mixed UI were reported by 36.4% (95% CI, 31.7–41.4), 27.4% (95% CI, 23.2–32.1), and 22.2% (95% CI, 18.3–26.6), respectively. Urinary leakage was reported daily by 17.2%, and 25.5% experienced leakage more than once a week. Risk factors for UI included increased age (P<0.001); parity greater than 5 (P<0.001); menopause (P=0.004); and history of vaginal gynecologic surgery, chronic cough, or constipation (P≤0.001). Medical advice was not sought by 85.5% of women with UI. Many of the women with UI reported adverse effects on their daily activities. ConclusionFemale UI is prevalent in Saudi Arabia; however, the majority of women with this condition did not seek medical advice.