Abstract. Breast cancer is one of the most common and urgent healthcare issues. For primary diagnosis and clarification of the diagnosis of breast cancer specialists use most often such methods of breast examination as examination and palpation, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, radionuclide examination of the mammary glands. Radiologists and mammalogists-oncologists face an important task of early detection of various forms of breast cancer, which enables to improve significantly the disease prognosis, as this is a priority. To solve the issue the world community is developing and putting into practice new methods of mammary gland research, the X-ray method of investigation has a leading position. In addition to breast cancer, the attention of the diagnostician should also be directed to benign breast dysplasia due to its correlation with the risk of developing breast cancer. The severity of dysplasia determines the risk of developing cancer. The practical application of methods of early diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases, increased funding of medical institutions to raise the technical level, and retraining of personnel can significantly reduce the incidence and increase the frequency of breast cancer detection in the early stages of its development.