Previous Way Of Life Research Articles

Magical acts and their significance at the birth of a child

The birth of a child is an event that is also the subject of ethnological research. The human being, when he is born is is already the focus of attention of the family and the community, because for both groups it represents a significant change in their previous way of life. Ethnological studies confirm that, with the birth of a child, the a number of ritual ceremonies, magical acts and superstitions have been associated with childbirth since time immemorial. The aim of this contribution is to provide an overview of the magical acts that were associated with the arrival of a new member to the family. In our study, we will use the method of interpretive analysis, the purpose of which is to to capture the magical practices present at the various stages in the birth of a child such as pregnancy, childbirth, six months, the neonatal period and baptism

Active ageing profiles among older adults in Spain: A Multivariate analysis based on SHARE study.

BackgroundFollowing the active ageing model based on the Health, Lifelong Learning, Participation and Security pillars, this research has a twofold objective: i) to classify older adults according to active ageing profiles, taking into account the four pillars, and ii) to ascertain the relationship between the profiles and personal and contextual factors, as well as well-being and quality of life in old age.MethodsA study sample of 5,566 Spanish older adults who participated in wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was included. Data were analysed in different steps applying several statistical analyses (Principal Component, Cluster, Discriminant, Multiple Correspondence and bivariate analysis with Pearson chi-square and ANOVA).ResultsFive older adult profiles were obtained (I: with moderate activity; II: quasi-dependents; III: with active ageing-limiting conditions; IV: with diverse and balanced activity; V: with excellent active ageing conditions). The first three profiles were characterised by subjects with a high average age, low educational level, who were retired or housewives, and who perceived a moderate level of loneliness, satisfaction with the social network and quality of life, as well as having a larger family network, but living in small households or alone. In contrast, the latter two profiles showed better personal and contextual conditions, well-being and quality of life.Discussion and conclusionsThe multidimensional approach to active ageing followed in this article has revealed the presence of several older adult profiles, which are confined to groups with better or worse active ageing conditions. In this context, if ageing is a process that reflects the previous way of life, intervention priorities will have to consider actions that promote better conditions during the life cycle.

Problems and Countermeasures of China’s International Trade in Agricultural Products under the Belt and Road Strategy Based on Big Data Analysis Technology in the Internet of Things Era

In order to study the analysis of China’s trade development under big data technology, through the analysis of the import and export of trade, the expansion of international trade exports of agricultural products, the adjustment of agricultural structure, the enrichment of import and export markets, the security of agricultural products, and other issues through the Internet of things technology and traditional technology, as well as the comparison of the overall effect, comprehensive performance, and coupling data, it can be seen that the agricultural trade under Internet of things technology is more convenient and faster. The application of network technology makes things better connected with people, changes the previous way of life, speeds up the development process of international trade, and realizes the real intelligent era.

Coping Mechanisms and Emotional Distress for Young People and Adults in Pandemic Context

The COVID-19 pandemic context put to test all adaptive skills of human beings around the world. In this disruptive context, a sample of 401 respondents (173 male and 228 female), aged between 19 and 65 years old, were assessed using the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Emotional Distress Profile (PDE) and the Autonomy Questionnaire, from Cognitrom Assessment System. The main objectives of the study aimed at identifying the significant differences in emotional distress, coping mechanisms, autonomy and self-acceptance based on gender and age as grouping variables, and the significant relationships between all these variables. Statistics show differences in behavioural and emotional autonomy between male and female, differences related to catastrophizing and blaming others as resilience mechanisms between male and female, differences in self-acceptance and positive assessment (as coping mechanism) between young people and adults, and significant negative correlations between emotional distress and all types of autonomy (value, cognitive, behavioural and emotional), significant positive correlation with coping mechanisms like blaming others, catastrophizing, self-blame and acceptance, and significant negative correlation with positive assessment and refocusing on planning. All results are discussed in the context of the disruption caused by the pandemic context and in relationship with the necessity of supporting people to maintain their mental health and well-being, now more than ever, with the new turning back to the previous way of life caused by the lifting of the state of alert by the authorities.

The post-pandemic era: will physical distancing be a perceived way of life?

Background: This study aimed to determine whether people living in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia would prefer to continue the practice of physical distancing after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic or to return to their previous way of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. A pre-tested questionnaire was sent electronically through social media. Data on participants' demographics and their perspectives regarding post-pandemic physical distancing were collected. The calculated sample size was 1,066; however, the total number of responses included in the analysis was 989. Results: The average age of the participants was 31.15±11.93 years. There were 435 men and 554 women in the study. Participants showed significantly high levels of disagreement with statements indicating that they were willing to use public transportation (61%), attend social gatherings (36%), and hug relatives or colleagues (40%) after the pandemic ( p<0.001); however, 43% agreed that they would spend time with family or friends ( p<0.001). The level of education was also found to be significantly related to the responses, and the level of disagreement increased as the level of education increased ( p<0.001). Conclusions: One-third of the study participants planned to continue engaging in physical distancing even after the current pandemic and if the COVID-19 related restriction will remain in place for longer, there is chance to increase in this proportion. However, it cannot be concluded whether or not this behavior will prevail in the long run, after the ease in restrictions. If so, it may greatly affect some businesses and perhaps some social norms and values as well.

Christianity and the national identity of the Nenets

The article examines the main features and conditions of the formation of the national identity of the Nenets (the most numerous ethnic group among the indigenous peoples living in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) in the context of missionary activity as cross-cultural communication. The mission affects not only beliefs, but also culture, which includes life, nutrition, the form of social relations, symbols and so on. The more deeply the mission actor understands the culture of the addressee, the more effective the missionary service will be. For many Nenets, the adoption of baptism means the rejection of the culture of their people, which will inevitably entail a change of identity, since historically missionaries of different faiths insisted on the destruction of pagan artifacts and a complete break with the previous way of life. Attempts are being made among Orthodox and Protestant missionaries of Yamal to combine traditional culture and the Gospel in order to preserve national identity and increase the effectiveness of preaching. The Protestant campaign differs from the traditional Orthodox mission by desacralization of traditional beliefs through their rational interpretation. Thus, the mission does not lead to the legalization of traditional forms, but to a rethinking of the existing systems of relations. This method is promising, as it allows to rededicate culture in the spirit of the Christian tradition.

The post-pandemic era: will physical distancing be a perceived way of life?

Background: This study aimed to determine whether people living in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia would prefer to continue the practice of physical distancing after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic or to return to their previous way of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. A pre-tested questionnaire was sent electronically through social media. Data on participants’ demographics and their perspectives regarding post-pandemic physical distancing were collected. The calculated sample size was 1,066; however, the total number of responses included in the analysis was 989. Results: The average age of the participants was 31.15±11.93 years. There were 435 men and 554 women in the study. Participants showed significantly high levels of disagreement with statements indicating that they were willing to use public transportation (61%), attend social gatherings (36%), and hug relatives or colleagues (40%) after the pandemic ( p<0.001); however, 43% agreed that they would spend time with family or friends ( p<0.001). The level of education was also found to be significantly related to the responses, and the level of disagreement increased as the level of education increased ( p<0.001). Conclusions: One-third of the study participants planned to continue engaging in physical distancing even after the current pandemic and if the COVID-19 related restriction will remain in place for longer, there is chance to increase in this proportion. However, it cannot be concluded whether or not this behavior will prevail in the long run, after the ease in restrictions. If so, it may greatly affect some businesses and perhaps some social norms and values as well.

The post-pandemic era: will physical distancing be a perceived way of life?

Background: This study aimed to determine whether people living in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia would prefer to continue the practice of physical distancing after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic or to return to their previous way of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. A pre-tested questionnaire was sent electronically through social media. Data on participants’ demographics and their perspectives regarding post-pandemic physical distancing were collected. The calculated sample size was 1,066; however, the total number of responses included in the analysis was 989. Results: The average age of the participants was 31.15±11.93 years. There were 435 men and 554 women in the study. Participants showed significantly high levels of disagreement with statements indicating that they were willing to use public transportation (61%), attend social gatherings (36%), and hug relatives or colleagues (40%) after the pandemic (p&lt;0.001); however, 43% agreed that they would spend time with family or friends (p&lt;0.001). The level of education was also found to be significantly related to the responses, and the level of disagreement increased as the level of education increased (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: One-third of the study participants planned to continue engaging in physical distancing even after the current pandemic. This clearly indicates that our lives are not returning to how they were before the pandemic. However, it cannot be concluded whether or not this behavior will prevail in the long run. If so, it may greatly affect some businesses and perhaps some social norms and values as well.

Preparing the public for COVID-19 vaccines: How can general practitioners build vaccine confidence and optimise uptake for themselves and their patients?

The availability of a COVID-19 vaccine is being heralded as the solution to control the current COVID-19 pandemic, reduce the number of infections and deaths and facilitate resumption of our previous way oflife. The aim of this article is to provide a framework for primary care of what will be needed to optimise COVID-19 vaccine confidence and uptake in Australia once the vaccine prioritisation schedule and key target groups are known. While a number of vaccines are currently under development, with at least seven undergoing phase III trials (28 August 2020), it is hoped that an effective COVID-19 vaccine will become available to the public in 2021. Ensuring public confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness will be crucial to facilitate uptake. General practitioners are at the forefront of public health, and one of themost trusted sources for patients. Inthisarticle, the authors discuss the expedited vaccine development process for COVID-19 vaccines; the likely vaccine prioritisation schedule and anticipated key target groups; the behavioural and social drivers of vaccination acceptance, including thework required to facilitate this; and the implications for general practice.

Disrepair, Distress, and Dispossession

The crisis unleashed in Barbuda by Hurricane Irma in 2017 followed centuries of neglect by the British colonial state and then by the postcolonial government of its sister island, Antigua. Barbuda developed customary communal-land tenure as a result of its peculiarities in slavery and freedom, and this survival strategy has doubled as political and economic resistance to encroachment by Antigua, where private land ownership and uneven opportunity abound because of the unstable, cyclical nature of its main industry—tourism. Although Barbudans have long delimited tourism development and refused private land ownership, citing communal land as their shield, these issues have resurfaced in the rebuilding process after Hurricane Irma. Barbudans’ desires to maintain their previous way of life remain hampered by the Antiguan government’s disaster capitalist desires to reconstruct Barbuda as a resort paradise. This essay reveals how climate change, economic fragility, and uncertain sovereignty have collectively undermined Barbuda’s customary forms of independence, leaving dispossession in their wake.

SIGNS OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG TERTIARY LEVEL LEARNERS: A SURVEY

Trauma plays a pivotal role in every human life. People respond to traumatic events in different ways. Often there are no visible signs, but people may have serious emotional reactions. A condition known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can sometimes occur after you experience a life-threatening event or witness a death. The criticality of time and knowledge is very important in the success trauma management. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the effects and impacts of various traumatic elements by using analytical study on students in various departments to find their knowledge and experience of trauma. Materials and Methods: A survey through questionnaire was conducted among 50 students from various departments in VIT, Vellore. The study addressed the general view and knowledge-related data concerned to trauma, experience in stressful events and witnessing trauma, diagnosis, and attitude of the students toward the same. The collected data were analyzed using frequency distribution. Results: In this study were conducted randomly selected students in various departments. Among 50 respondents analyzed, 94% of them had encountered trauma in their practice and while 06% never had such an experience. A total of 50 individuals participated in this study, of which 22 were male, and 28 were female from different departments. As a result, out of 50 participants, 86% of the respondents were affected by trauma and the rest 14% of them were not faced any hazardous event. Conclusion: Among different participants, the knowledge regarding handling of traumatic events was found to be not at a good level. As this reason, most of them were affected by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). People who have experienced adversity find it difficult to connect with their previous ways of being, to return to their previous way of life. There are endless accounts of individuals and groups who found meaning in their suffering and were able to change their negative experiences in a positive way, finding new strength and experience in their life.

The subjective factor as a determinant of the life of society

The article notes that at present there is an urgent need to select value orientations of society to determine the ways of survival of civilization, which turned out to be at the crossroads of human history, that is, at the point of bifurcation determining the need to choose a new path of its development.This largely depends on the subjective factor as a determinative condition for the life of society.Investigating the role of the subjective factor in the transformation of society in the article it is noted that the activity of people really forms a new face of social reality, directs the course of the historical process. The problem of the ratio of the objective and the subjective in history is justified in the short-term and long-term plans.In the first plan, it is proved that in relatively small segments of the historical burden, the importance of the subjective factor increases sharply in the transition periods, when the actions of the internal laws of the previous way of life have weakened, and the laws of the new way have not yet developed.During this period, the image of the future world is intensively created, the plasticity and pliability of history is clearly manifested. In the second plan, fractally appear tendencies of increasing the role of the subjective factor in the civilization history of humanity.In the context of the selected phases, a whole range of problems is actualized in history, among which a special place is given to regressive social changes threatening to turn into a planetary totalitarianism. It is a product of special historical circumstances, a phenomenon of a new, and not a traditional way of life. As a unique phenomenon, totalitarianism is explained taking into account the specifics of our time. The manifestation of totalitarianism poses the question of humanizing the subjective factor, the authors note.In the search for a positive solution today, three approaches are used to strengthen the role of the subjective factor.The first is the conscious management of social processes, control over the society-nature system.The second is a liberal approach, based on the principle of self-regulation of the entire system of social relations.The third one is a synthetic variant, the essence of which lies in the growing threat of ecological catastrophes, the danger of uncontrolled use of nuclear weapons, and the growth of international and interethnic conflicts.The task of the subjective factor is to connect in time the will and the mind to the spontaneous process of social development

Clash of Ideas and Sensibility in the writings of Joseph Conrad and Chinua Achebe

The topic of this case study is Clash of ideas and sensibility in writings of Joseph Conrad and Chinua Achebe. I have portrayed how both the authors have represented Africa in their writings. Joseph Conrad is a European whereas Chinua Achebe is an African. Both of them have contrary views about the people of Africa and Africa as a country. Both show some of the effects that the white colonists had on the area, and the influence they had on the natives. In Heart of Darkness, we see the influence of Kurtz over the natives at the Inner Station, where they revered him almost as a god. At the other stations, we also see the natives being affected by the white colonists, changing their ways of living around the station, and following what the white men's command, for the most part. In Things Fall Apart, we see this in Okonkwo’s home village, where the white colonists set up a District Commissioner (D.C), and the natives bend to the laws he sets, even helping him enforce them. This completely changes their previous way of life.

"The country has new men" : Men reconcile caregiving with profession

Due to demographic changes and the associated consequences, men are increasingly being confronted with the challenge to reconcile caregiving and profession. Statistical data confirm that the proportion of male caregivers is continuously increasing. These men operate in afield of specifically female connotation, with which they are not too familiar. The investigation of action strategies of male caregivers has long been neglected in scientific research. This study aimed to provide adifferentiated approach to amale caregiving behavior. This part of the evaluation deals with the research question: how do working men organize their caregiving arrangements and which caregiving behavior do they exhibit? The analysis is based on 18biographical narrative interviews with professionally employed men with domestic caregiving duties. The interviewees were chosen by atheoretical sampling strategy and evaluated via typological processing in accordance with the qualitative content analysis. Based on the empirical data material, atypology of the domestic caregiving work of men has been developed. The results indicate that the caregiving behavior of employed men dealing with reconciliation of caregiving and occupation is far more heterogeneous than indicated by previous studies. The extent ranges from maintenance of the previous way of life and self-distancing from the caregiving situation to acomplete change in the professional and private life.

A usina hidrelétrica de Yacyretá: insustentabilidade e exclusão social no rio Paraná (Corrientes, Argentina)

A promoção de megaobras é comumente baseada em idéias de desenvolvimento e de progresso. Contudo, o informe apresentado pela Comissão Mundial de Represas em novembro de 2000, responsabilizou às grandes barragens, os projetos de desenvolvimento regional sustentável por excelência, como geradoras de uma série de danos sociais e ambientais. Destarte, o objetivo do artigo é estudar e analisar as transformações sociais ocorridas nas comunidades de ilhéus e ribeirinhos de Ituzaingó a partir das mudanças na paisagem ecológica decorrentes da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Yacyretá (Corrientes, Argentina). Desse modo, analisaram-se as características gerais da barragem e as principais contradições ambientais e sociais percebidas na cidade e na comunidade de pescadores-lavradores. Os resultados mostraram, por um lado, que para os ex-ilhéus e ex-ribeirinhos não há medida de mitigação capaz de compensar a perda do seu anterior modo de vida, por outro, uma clara falta de seriedade nas políticas socioambientais de Yacyretá. E ainda, um escasso ou nulo desenvolvimento de Ituzaingó e região após a construção da barragem.

Psychosocial Spiritual Experience of Elderly Individuals Recovering from Stroke

Objectives To conduct a systematic review to determine the best available evidence on the psychosocial spiritual experience of elderly individuals recovering from stroke. Questions The specific review questions to be addressed are: • How do elderly individuals who have had a stroke perceive the recovery process? • What is the psychosocial and spiritual experience of elderly individuals following a stroke? • What are the major concerns of elderly individuals in the first six months following a stroke, in either hospital or community settings? • What are the major concerns of elderly individuals six months to two years following a stroke? Criteria for considering studies for this review Types of participants This review will include studies whose participants are adults, age 65 years and older, in any setting, who have experienced a minimum of one stroke. Experiences within the 2 years post stroke recovery period must be reported by the stroke survivors themselves. Types of interventions Studies will be included if the focus of the study is a description of the participant’s experience in response to a particular intervention. Studies will also be included that describe the participant’s experience of recovering from stroke where no intervention has been introduced. Types of outcome measures Outcomes of interest are the participant’s own experience through self-report. Reports from family and care-givers will be excluded. Types of outcomes will include sense of hope/hopelessness, connection/disconnection with others, disruptions in sense of self and experience of time, loss, independence/dependence, discontinuity with previous way of life, sense of control.

‘Trying to Continue to Do as Much as They Can Do’

Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six individuals in the early stages of a dementia. Interviews were initiated to explore the day-to-day experiences of dementia. The commonality that emerged across the interviews was participants’ desire to maintain continuity with their previous way of life while coping with dementia-necessitated changes. We conceptualized this commonality in terms of Atchley’s (1989) articulation of continuity theory and Park and Folkman’s (1997) framework of meaning making. This research highlights how, despite their impairment, individuals with dementia not only are able but strive to maintain continuity and to make meaning of their situations. The results show that it is possible to gain insight from those in the early stages of dementia; the underlying practical and clinical implication is the importance of encouraging the maintenance of personhood by listening to the desires and concerns of those with dementia.

United States History at Universities in the Former German Democratic Republic

THE PRESENT TASK OF HISTORIANS in the universities of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) is to evaluate critically theirpast role and academic achievements and to consider their situation among historians in the now united Germany. Such an evaluation is difficult for us because for many it is intrinsically linked with an examination of our previous way of life, which is still none too distant. For this reason this dicussion of the study of United States history in Eastern Germany constitutes the somewhat incomplete and personal thoughts of an historian whose academic training and development coincides with forty years of Communist rule in the GDR in more than just a temporal sense.' History in Eastern Germany has been in a critical situation since the democratic revolution of 1989 (the Wende). This results, firstly, from the fact that Marxist-Leninist oriented history both within and outside GDR universities served almost unopposed the aims and political guidelines of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) and the SED-controlled state up to the autumn of 1989. Marxist-Leninist historical science was, like other social science disciplines, both the instrument and object of power under the old regime. Its essential function was to legitimize the existing Communist order and political regime. This was particularly evident in the line adopted towards German history a view which culminated in a

Psychosocial Adjustment of Adult Burns Patients: Is it More Difficult for People with Visible Scars?

The aim of the literature review was to determine whether the visibility of scarring affects the psychosocial adaptation of adult patients with severe burn injuries. It was found that a large majority of people manage to adjust very well and can return to their previous way of life; and that this adjustment is dependent more on social support and the personality of the individual than on the severity or visibility of physical deformities.

Compliance with cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly.

To evaluate the compliance of the elderly with cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after myocardial infarction, 370 consecutive patients greater than or equal to 65 years of age, admitted to our Coronary Care Unit over a period of 2 years, were examined: 48 died in the hospital, 34 were transferred to other wards and 29 were unable to perform a submaximal exercise test before discharge. Out of the remaining 259 patients, 43 began the CR and 32 completed it with a good outcome. Eleven patients interrupted the CR because of associated diseases. A social investigation was carried out on 83 of the 259 patients discharged from our ward. In addition to associated diseases and an extremely low exercise tolerance (41% of cases), the lack of participation was due to socioeconomic problems (9.5%), to lack of motivation (52.3%) and to inadequate information (38.1%). Nevertheless, 76% of patients indicated that they attained their previous way of life in a relatively short period of time. It is concluded that: CR is useful in patients who complete it; low compliance is due mainly to medical problems and lack of motivation; better information might slightly increase the compliance in our Center; most patients can, in any case, reach their previous way of life. It is debatable whether CR is advisable in old age, or should be directed towards selected groups of patients.