Previous Historical Periods Research Articles

Историческое архитектурное наследие и современная застройка Владивостока как ресурс интеграции в АТР и формирования бренда территории в рамках политики «Разворота на Восток»: тренды и проблемы

The article examines the problems of forming a brand for the territory of Vladivostok as the largest agglomeration in the Russian Far East and a center of international cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The author analyzes the features of the building and territorial development of the city both in previous historical periods and in the conditions of the present moment. The period of analysis covers the entire history of the city’s development – from the second half of the 19th century to the present day, territorially – the entire urban development, taking into account port and industrial development. The article pays attention to such problems as the established fame of Vladivostok, the features of the urban environment, the specific structure of urban space, the relationship ofthese aspects with the development of international cooperation, business and economic activity, inbound tourism and the transformation of the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District into a well-known international location. The modern Russian policy of "Turn to the East" on the scale of the Far Eastern Federal District turns out to be largely connected with such locations as Vladivostok, and for this reason it is necessary to pay more and more attention to the development of such territories, harmoniously linking the historical "background" with the possibilities of modern urbanism.

Contemporary music in the strategies of R. Tureck’s creative activity

Statement of the problem. Rosalyn Tureck is a significant figure in the history of twentieth-century piano art, whose multifaceted activities had a significant impact on both performance and composing. Her achievements in actualizing Bach’s music cannot be over estimated. At the same time, it was R. Tureck who did much to popularize contemporary art. The pianist’s discography contains many opuses by composers of her time, including those dedicated to her. Objectives, methods, and novelty of the study. The purpose of the study is to outline the directions of R. Tureck’s creative activity as a vivid example of the consistent and successful implementation of an actualizing performance strategy. The study is based on traditional methods of musicology (historical, genre-stylistic, systemic) as well as the method of interpretive analysis. In the research process, we used works that can be divided into 3 groups: R. Tureck’s autobiography; books on the work of American composers and those who contributed to the development of the country’s musical culture (D. Kämper, E. Z. Posell, J. W. Polisi, W. Simmons, S. Swayne, V. J. Kimberling), as well as W. J. Ton’s thesis; and comments to the CD “Premiere Performances”. The performance and structural analysis of the works on R. Tureck’s CD “Première Performances” (Two Studies for Violin and Piano by L. Dallapiccola, Concerto for Piano and Small Orchestra by W. Schuman, and Sonata No. 1 for Piano by D. Diamond), is the first such attempt in Ukrainian musicology. Results. At the time of R. Tureck’s active performing career, musical life was saturated with interesting ideas, discoveries, and new names. However, the avant-garde searches of American composers often remained unheeded by performers. In this regard, the creative activity of R. Tureck, who in 1948 created a society to popularize contemporary music, is exceptional. Her album “Première Performances” with works by contemporary composers was released in 1995. It contains recordings of premiere performances of opuses by D. Diamond, L. Dallapiccola and W. Schuman, the analysis of which is presented in the article. Conclusions. The popularization of contemporary music was an integral part of R. Tureck’s creative activity, due to which many American composers of the twentieth century got a chance to be “heard”. The basic strategies of this vector of her activity are determined: - mandatory performance of new works; - rethinking of contemporary music through previous historical periods; - direct cooperation with artists.

The Venice Biennale, French porcelain and historical retrospective on marketing and expertise in the field of fine arts

The relevance of this article is based on shaping new modern world’s market relations one of which is the art market. The aim of the research is the analysis of the marketing interrelations and tendencies in the market of the 20th-21st centuries together with the previous historical periods. In order to hit the goal of the research, theoretical, empirical and comparative researching methods have been used. It sets theoretical foundations of the visual arts marketing and the ways of their practical application. Already before the modern art market as an element of a total capitalistic market came to exist, the movement of visual art works, in the ancient epoch, included elements of marketing approaches and technologies caused by the then-existing processes of sale and purchase of art works, their exchange and collecting. The article is about the expertise of their quality and originality; definition of the already existing methods of promoting art works in the society. It is worth paying a particular attention to ceramic products like porcelain (china) that, in its turn, occupies an important place among art works, together with paintings and sculptures. In the beginning of the 18th century, the porcelain arrived to Europe from China. Collectors have for three centuries admired porcelain products. It should be admitted, there is a particular category of the Venice Biennale visitors. They are porcelain collectors. The practical value of this research stays in the analysis of the marketing instruments in the modern art market for the benefit of not only modern artists but also of the managers of all levels who work in the field of visual arts, at exhibitions, for companies producing collection ceramics tableware, at auctions and in the world’s museums

STURSHEL SATIRICAL NEWSPAPER – POLITICAL TRANSITION AND HUMOUR STANDARDS

The article focuses primarily on the Bulgarian satirical newspaper Sturshel (Hornet) – the most famous and one of the longest-lasting humorous editions in Bulgaria, which was first published in 1946. During the communist regime in the country the Sturshel was an edition of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist party, which was the ruling party for 45 years. The political transformations in 1989 led to dramatical changes in the public life and the freedom of speech that had not been allowed during the previous historical period. The editors of the newspaper started their fight for independence and a few months after November 1989 the Sturshel was free from the Party’s guardianship and became one of the most trusted editions according to the statistical data and market results. Some of the short sentences, caricatures’ captions, and anecdotes published in the newspaper achieved huge popularity and many of them were turned into slogans born by people during political rallies and strikes. On the other hand, the Sturshel published many short reports from different street events and encouraged people to fight for new ethical values, based on the principles of political freedom, multiparty system and personal dignity. Laughter was used as a powerful instrument by the journalists and caricaturist to help people overcome the fear imposed by the totalitarian regime. Some of the mechanisms of this process are also analyzed in the article.

Historical and legal overview of Public Interest Litigation as an institute of Administrative Justice

The article provides a historical and legal characterization of the institution of a Public Interest Litigation in general and in the context of administrative proceedings. The author reveals the historical origins of this institute from the time of Roman law, where it was called “actio popularis”. Some of the most common constructions of such claims in Roman law are highlighted. The author emphasizes the public benefit of filing such claims despite their private law nature. The author emphasizes the dualism between private and public interests in law, which is particularly evident in the institution of a Public Interest Litigation. The terminology used in different legal systems to describe the institution of a public interest action or its individual varieties is revealed: “actio popularis”, “Public Interest Litigation”, “Public Interest Law”, “Social Interest Litigation”. The author outlines the main areas in which Public Interest Litigation is most often applied: environmental protection, anti-discrimination, etc. The author analyzes the reasons for the low interest in the institution of public interest litigation in previous historical periods in Ukraine. On the other hand, it is suggested that there has been a significant increase in interest in such lawsuits in recent years, which is due to certain factors. These include: the development of civil society and the increased interest of legislators in this institution, as well as the ratification by Ukraine of the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention). The last point was important in the context of the further adoption by the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court of the decision of 11.12.2018 in case No. 910/8122/17, which stated the right of environmental associations to file lawsuits in the public interest on these matters. The article concludes with the emphasis on the prospects for further research into the application of actio popularis in foreign jurisdictions with a view to exploring the possibilities for expanding the number of legal relations in which such claims may be filed in Ukraine.

Features of the Column Order of the Facades of Buildings in St. Petersburg at the Beginning of the XX Century

The order of the Saint Petersburg building facades has changed throughout the history of the city’s architecture. The order again acquired a dominant role in the compositional structure of the neoclassical building facades of the beginning of 20th century, but the order of this time is transformed in comparison with previous historical periods. Analysis of the use of the column order by architects V.A. Shchuko and M.S. Lyalevich makes it possible to identify main features of the order of the early 20th century: placement in the structure of the facade, proportions, detailing; discover the use of historical prototypes and the attitude of architects to classical theory. The study of all these features is necessary when researching, preserving and restoring numerous buildings in the neoclassical style of the early 20th century.

The nationalist movement in the Levant during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

The idea of the emergence of the Arab nationalist movement is not accidental to the Arabs in terms of its general concept, as the Arab history has been filled with evidence and events that it is prominent in many roles, scenes and stages of the Arab era in previous historical periods. Therefore, there were several internal or external factors that contributed effectively to the crystallization and emergence of the nationalist, intellectual and literary currents and organizations, as the weakness of the authority of the Ottoman state, and what the Arab countries in general and the Levant in particular were exposed to, of colonial control, and opening the way for missionary missions in the cities of the Levant, had an impact on the Arab writers and thinkers in their interest in Arabic literature and reviving the Arabic language and the ancient Arab heritage. The Arab Renaissance, in its comprehensive concept, meant the transformation of the Arab society from a state of stagnation, backwardness and dependence in the Ottoman era, to a state of interaction and harmony with the political and civilizational developments, and the awareness of the Arab society of its national existence and its human role. Therefore, the ideas and calls of the Arab thinkers and reformers, especially in the Levant, called for the unification of the Arabs in a state independent of the Ottoman Caliphate, with a national entity unified in feeling, culture, goals and political, economic and military interests, and thus their efforts resulted in the establishment of nationalist, literary, scientific and political associations and parties, both inside and outside the Arab countries, and holding conferences to convey the voice of the sons of the Arab people to the public opinion in Paris, to demand their legitimate rights in achieving freedom, independence and getting rid of the dependence and tyranny of the Ottomans, as well as the European colonial countries, especially during and after the First World War.

Sign-symbol Systems in Artistic Practices of Ukrainian Artists of the 1960-1970s, Based on the Example of the Monumental and Decorative Panels by Oleg Yerzhykivsky

The purpose of the research is to analyze the parallels between the monumental art of Ukrainian artists of the 1960s and 1970s and world graphic design. Research methods consist in the application of formal and stylistic analysis of works of art, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of new materials introduced into scientific circulation. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the stylistic performance of unstudied enough objects of monumental and decorative art was analyzed. Achievements in the creation of symbolic and design systems were compared. The main common conceptual approaches in creation, the similarity of thematic directions and stylistic approaches are identified, the differences of the visual language due to various performance techniques are diagnosed. The photos from a private family archive have been made public for the first time. Conclusions. Despite the general ideological engagement of the Soviet artistic environment in the 1960s and 1970s, there were works that were ahead of their time and used the material resources of the USSR-Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to create works on universally important topics (culture, science, technology, history). Such are Oleg Yerzhykivsky’s panels for monumental structures created by him during his work in 1963-1969 at ZNDIEP (Kyiv Zonal Research Institute of Experimental Design of Residential and Public Buildings), which can be attributed to urban identity devoid of any propaganda communist color in the subject, but rather devoted to civilizational values. Using the achievements of the creation of sign and symbolic systems of previous historical periods, the master managed to create his own stylistic system, which exists outside of time and a specific state or social order. From a formative point of view, the analyzed panels gravitate towards the visual language of graphic design, predicting such genre sectors as identity, brand books, navigation systems for public spaces, mascots for brands, etc. The common features established by this study are: laconic image, condensation of graphic expression, development of a system of signs perceived at the level of conventional symbols, use of elementary modular grid for arrangement of visual elements and creation of patterns (prefabricated plate technology).

FORMATION OF PATRIOTISM IN YOUNG GENERATION USING UKRAINIAN LITERATURE

The article is devoted to the search for ways of forming patriotism in the younger generation by means of Ukrainian literature. The necessity of implementing the experience of forming patriotism of previous historical periods was noted, which involved wide application in the educational process of the concept of a hero as an example for imitation, a means of forming patriotism, moral and ethical values of the Ukrainian nation. It has been proven that the national hero of the passionate type, devoid of ideological, colorless, denationalized Soviet-type patriotism, found vivid coverage in artistic works, has a special didactic, educational, methodical value today. The program for general educational institutions on Ukrainian literature for grades 5-9, aimed at forming a citizen - patriot of Ukraine, was analyzed. General didactic and specific requirements for a modern textbook on Ukrainian literature are considered. It has been established that the methodological apparatus of a modern textbook on Ukrainian literature should be aimed at forming the creative abilities of schoolchildren and their emotional and value sphere, which is facilitated by: the use of phonorecords of folk songs and examples of national and world classical music; reproductions of paintings and artistic illustrations; inclusion in textbooks of texts of high aesthetic and moral and ethical value, as well as tasks that involve the active involvement of schoolchildren in multifaceted analysis and interested discussion of the information contained in them; the organization of students' understanding of the life path, personal traits of the most outstanding figures of national and world history and culture; the use in textbooks of characters who bear an expressive exemplary and personal attitude to the surrounding world. Emphasis is placed on the urgency of developing a critical thinker in the younger generation, which is characterized by openness to doubt, independence and flexibility.

WAYS OF IMPROVING THE CONTENT OF MODERN UKRAINIAN LITERATURE TEXTBOOKS CONSIDERING CONSTRUCTIVE HISTORICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

The article is devoted to finding effective ways to improve the content of modern textbooks on Ukrainian literature. The need to introduce the experience of teaching Ukrainian literature of previous historical periods, which provided for the widespread use in the educational process of the concept of the hero as an example to follow, a means of forming patriotism, moral and ethical values of the Ukrainian nation. The general didactic and specific requirements to the modern textbook on the Ukrainian literature are investigated, the most necessary conditions for creation of new textbooks are defined (high-content art texts making the real spiritual heritage of national culture, aesthetic and moral and ethical weight, because the emotional perception of the artistic image has a significant impact on the reader). The peculiarities of interpretation of images of heroes of folklore and literary works in critical and didactic articles of modern textbooks for primary school, as well as the task of external independent evaluation of Ukrainian literature in recent years to fill educational material that promotes patriotic and heroic virtues. It is established that the modern education system should promote the national ideology aimed at serving society, the formation of a citizen-democrat, humanist and patriot (one of the means of such activities is a textbook on Ukrainian literature). It is proved that the challenges of time determine the need to create textbooks on Ukrainian literature, which would: contribute to the formation of a thorough system of knowledge in student youth; presented different points of view on the evaluation of works of art and images of heroes; demonstrated the personal beliefs of literary heroes; contained brief historical references to certain events from works of art; popularized the passionary type of the hero as the embodiment of the best features of the national character of the individual.

WOMEN'S CLOTHES AND DECORATIONS OF THE CITY OF NAKHCHIVAN

The land of Azerbaijan is divided into various historical and ethnographic regions in terms of their unique customs and traditions. One of such historical and ethnographic regions is Nakhchivan. In the XIX-XX centuries, this region consisted of two large cities - Nakhchivan and Ordubad. The article explores women's clothing, jewelry and decor items typical for the Nakhchivan region of Azerbaijan. National clothes are an important ethnographic phenomenon that characterizes, distinguishes and conveys the national aspect as a kind of material culture. Like other areas of material culture, clothing is also related to the socio-economic conditions of human life and clearly reflects the labor activity of people, artistic and aesthetic taste and class differences between social groups of society. In addition to religious beliefs, climatic, geographical and natural conditions also influence the style of clothing. The study of folk costumes in historical and ethnographic regions determines the general (similar) and local (different) characteristics of the Azerbaijani clothing culture and helps to closely monitor ethnocultural ties with the neighboring peoples of Azerbaijan. It is clear from research that although the clothing style of the 19th century is a logical continuation of the types of clothing formed in previous historical periods in accordance with the style method and sewing technique, it has undergone changes in accordance with the needs of the new period. This feature is most often found in urban and professional clothing. In particular, the deepening of the division of labor led to the creation of various types of professional clothing. The growth of trade union differences in society over time manifested itself in their clothing. Researchers note that in the 19th century, changes took place in Azerbaijani clothing, one of which was the gradual disappearance of military clothing and related types and their disappearance from the market over time. Only the dagger hanging from the belt and lead pockets on the side of the rope remain in addition to the clothes. After that, these elements partially lost their functional significance, which was preserved as a decorative element of decor Clothes are usually made from cloth. Fabric is one of the elements that reflect the culture of people. The patterns and colors of fabrics are important features that make the difference both between people and between rich and poor.   Since the middle of the 20th century, as in any clothing, national features began to disappear in women's clothing over time. Changes to the shape and features of clothing are now reflected in the style of clothing. Today, national clothes are practically not used among the townspeople. In particular, the media and the socio-economic structure form the basis of the dress change. In addition, the death of older people who wore traditional clothes and the interest of young people in today's fashion have led to the fact that national clothes are not in demand and are on the verge of extinction every day. To prevent this, it is necessary to create the necessary infrastructure for the transfer of these clothes to future generations.

Social Inclusion of Students from Disadvantaged Backgrounds: New Strategic Approaches to Educational Counselling and Communication

The need to provide education for all has continued to be at a high level even now when access to education is easier and considerably wider than in the previous historical periods. There is a general causality as well as a specific one supporting this necessity. The latter includes an additional set of reasons which connect defining characteristics of disadvantaged learners with the limitations of the pandemic crisis and its effects on communication. They also continue to manifest themselves after the health restrictions have been lifted and further hinder communication and educational counselling, thereby imposing additional barriers to inclusive education. This study is a literature review through which we aim to make a synthesis of current communication and educational counselling new strategic approaches suitable for use in the post – COVID context for facilitating access to education for disadvantaged students. The objectives of the study are as follows: O1: to identify a set of strategies which correspond to the specific communication pattern and information needs of the children and teenagers nowadays; O2: to identify current educational counselling strategies which can be successfully used in the post - COVID context to enable well-informed career decisions for disadvantaged students; O3: to develop a formative intervention model for social inclusion of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. The study findings may be useful in school and career counselling in pre-university education, but also in collaborative approaches between pre-university and academia in order to facilitate the inclusion of the disadvantaged students.

Individualization and psychologization of modern society as factors of weakening social ties

The article proves the thesis according to which psychology, as a scientific discipline and social practice (in the form of psychotherapy and counseling), penetrating into all spheres of everyday life in modern society, is a response to the worldview contradictions of the era of modernism. The paradigms of post- and metamodernism that characterize our time can rightfully be considered a continuation of the main line of early modernism of the early twentieth century, associated with the understanding of modernization (the historical process of transition from a traditional and sustainable way of life to social uncertainty and instability). Therefore, modernity is also called the era of late modernism. In modern society and culture, the responsibility for solving the problem of the stability and variability of life is attributed not to collectives or groups, as in previous historical periods, but to individuals. Now, not philosophy or anthropology, but psychology as the scientific project of modernism seeks to answer the famous Kantian question about what a person is. The mass dissemination of psychological knowledge and practice leads to the psychologization of society, that is, to the explanation of the surrounding world and life problems only with the help of psychological categories; a person fixes on the inner experience and personal self-development, thereby distancing himself from unpredictable social events and changes. The psychologization of society enhances its individualization. Individualization is seen as a dual phenomenon: on the one hand, it implies the most free and active construction of identity and lifestyle, and on the other hand, it carries the danger of social atomization and the collapse of solidarity, which can be a prerequisite for the formation of totalitarian mass movements. The paradox: individualization and psychologization, designed to reduce social uncertainty, increase it, locking a person into his own Self. To prevent the negative effects listed above, it is recommended to strengthen psychological concepts in scientific and public discourses that emphasize the importance of intersubjective, joint construction of the image of a changing world.

Доктор Сьюз о зверях и людях: опыт карикатуриста и иллюстрированные сказки 1930-х–1950-х годов

The paper deals with the first decades in the work of Dr. Seuss (the pseudonym of Theodor Geisel, 1904–1991), one of the most prominent children’s authors of the 20th century. Seuss was not only the author of children’s tales, but also a talented artist who illustrated his own books and whose manner was deeply influenced by his 15-year experience as a cartoonist. In 1920–1940s he worked for different print media, from humor magazines to a political newspaper, drew cartoons and commercial advertisements. Our aim is to study the mutual influence of Seuss-thecartoonist and Seuss-the-writer and illustrator. Our main focus is the “bestiary” of Dr. Seuss, the animal characters of his cartoons and tales. Seuss created his first eccentric animals in the series of cartoons and anecdotes for a weekly satirical magazine Judge in 1927; he blended the Victorian tradition of nonsense and the features of newspaper cartoons and comic strips of the first decades of the 20th century. The motif of eccentricity is developed in the first children’s tales that Seuss published at the turn of the 1930–40s. The same motif is significantly transformed in his political cartoons for a daily newspaper PM in 1941–1942. Seuss puts the familiar animal images into the context of World War II and gives them different political meaning, from the totalitarian insanity of the Axis leaders to the carelessness and blindness of the “America First” supporters. Interestingly enough, Dr. Seuss used in his political cartoons some plot elements of his tales for children, as well as his old sketches and drawings. In its turn, his post-war tales are peculiar parables that absorb the political issues of the previous historical period. Creating his images of tyrants, Seuss makes use of the techniques of political cartoons. He puts his human and animal characters into the situations of tyranny or isolationism, that can be overcome with the help of common sense.

National Traditions in Military Uniform of Ukraine of the 21st Century on the Example of a Shirt as a Central Element of Ukrainian Folk Costume

The purpose of the work is to explore the role of the most famous component of the folk costume of the Ukrainian people – a shirt in the national military uniform of the beginning of the 21st century, by analysing its use during this and previous historical periods, both in military and folk use. Since the Ukrainian military costume of present times embodies the traditions of previous historical periods dating back to the Cossack era, when it was first presented in the unified form. Therefore, this part of both folk and military costume is of scientific interest within the scope of this study, with a special emphasis on the use of a shirt in the Cossack era and in the modern period. This also determines the chronological limits of the article, starting from the period of the 16th to the 18th centuries (the existence of the Cossack state) and to present times. The research methodology is based on the application of a systemic approach, an analytical method, and cultural analysis. To solve the tasks, a number of scientific methods have been used, including historical method, comparison and generalisation, as well as the method of art analysis. Scientific novelty. For the first time in modern art history, the role of the Ukrainian folk shirt as a component of the modern military costume was studied, types and functions of a shirt in the time of Cossacks were clarified; a comprehensive analysis of the meaning of a shirt for military men of Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century and during the war between Russia and Ukraine was conducted. Conclusions. A shirt as the most common component of folk clothing was at the same time an integral part of military costume of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Having undergone a series of transformations, this element of clothing has preserved its original artistic image, functionality, regional, and gender specifics to this day.
 Key words: traditional shirt, folk costume, dress, clothing, military uniform, military costume, uniform, Cossacks.

Многоженство в семейно-брачной сфере народов Дагестана: историко-социологический анализ

Introduction. In modern Dagestani society, the topic of institution of polygamy is relevant today. It is known from historical materials that polygamy was characteristic of wealthy people, feudal lords married in order to expand their political system and gain support among people. Theoretical justification. The institution of polygamy was actively discussed in Dagestani ethnographic science. Researchers concluded that in previous historical periods polygamy was widespread among wealthy part of society, but its scale was slight. The Muslim revival has made certain adjustments to family and marriage sphere of the followers of Islam, and at present time the institution of polygamy has occupied its niche in the family sphere. Methods. A mass sociological survey to study the attitude of the Dagestan population to the institution of polygamy was conducted in cities (Derbent, Makhachkala, Khasavyurt) and districts (Botlikhsky, Derbentsky, Kazbekovsky, Kizlyarsky, Kizilyurtovsky, Levashinsky) of the Republic of Dagestan. The research was conducted in 2021, taking into account the geographical and socio-demographic parameters of the republic. N=507. Results and its discussion. Polygamy was not widespread in pre-revolutionary Dagestani society; moreover, Dagestani rulers did not practice polygamy so often. Basic provisions. – surveyed population explains the motivation of a woman to marry an unfree man by her desire to have a child in a marriage union, which is legal from the point of view of the Muslim rule, although the desire to improve the material condition is not less important; – comparison of a number of questions among themselves shows that the position of the interviewed women changes radically with personal family experience, when a man, as a rule, without informing his first family, decides to have “second wife”. With such an act of their spouses, the interviewed women are ready to divorce, characterizing husbands’ behavior as “betrayal”; – analysis of the empirical material revealed inconsistency in positions of the female part, which, on the one hand, justifies the institution of polygamy, but on the other hand, is not ready to accept existence of “second wife and second family” in parallel.

Cossack antiquities of Dnipropetrovsk region according to the research of the DNU expedition

The purpose of the article is to analyze the materials of the monument of the period of the Ukrainian Cossacks – the Novosergievskaya fortress, which was recently investigated by the DNU expedition. Research methods: comparative-historical, typological, chronological, descriptive. Main results. Visual reconnaissance work was carried out on the territory of the inner square of the fortress and the territories adjacent to it. Novosergievskaya fortress is located on the outskirts of the Volnoye village, Novomoskovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk region. In our time, it has survived partly due to active anthropogenic activity in previous historical periods. During the visual survey, a collection of artifacts was collected in the amount of 100 units. They are represented by fragments of clay pottery (pots, bowls, plates, cups), box-shaped kahels, and small iron items. Two sites have been selected for excavation. The first included eight pits measuring 2 x 2 m. It was located not far from the bank of the Samara river. The stratigraphic situation is of the same type, artifacts are absent. The second section of three pits measuring 2 x 2 m occupied the edge of the northern bastion. On its square, the remains of a part of the dwelling – a dugout – were recorded. Near the entrance there are traces of a furnace in the form of a layer of ash. The inventory includes items that are similar to those found during a visual inspection of the fortress. According to the leading typological features, the complex dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries. Conclusions. The reconnaissance and excavations of the Novosergievskaya fortress proved its significance as a monument of the period of the Ukrainian Cossacks in the Dnipro region and the expediency of further field research. Practical significance: the published materials can be used in writing summarizing works on the problems of archeology of the 17th – 18th centuries. Ukraine. Scientific novelty: the cultural and chronological features of the archaeological site are determined. Type of article: analytical.

„…читая в ногу души прекрасные порывы”: смех аутсайдера и русский ХХ век в Неизвестных письмах Олега Юрьева

The paper deals with the specifics of outsiders’ laughter in the book Unknown letters (Неизвестные письма/Unbekannte Briefe, Russian 2014, German 2017) by a Russian-German writer Oleg Yuryev. In particular, it analyzes how Russian cultural and historical traumas of the 20th century were reinterpreted in the book from the perspective of an ironical outsider. In doing so, it focuses on a fictional letter by the writer Leonid Dobychin, which is contextualized with fictional letters of Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz and Ivan Pryzhov, representing previous historical and cultural periods. Yuryev’s ironic reflections on the Russian historical reality and literary scene of the 20th century manifest themselves at different levels, from the positioning of outsiders’ laughter in relation to the official and marginal hierarchies of the literary canon to the postmodernist play with the traditions of literary classics. In addition, the paper addresses the inter- and/or transcultural aspect of outsiders’ laughter in Yuryev’s book.

Mortality and Epidemiological Transition of the Lithuanian Population in 1849–1921

With the modernization of societies, mortality is one of the key factors in the process of population change. Mortality since the middle of the 20th century in Lithuania has been widely studied in various aspects. However, the previous historical period in this field is still little studied and data on the changes in the development of Lithuanian mortality are almost unavailable. This article presents a study on the basis of the information from Roman Catholic churches death records books to reconstruct the structure of causes of death in the Lithuanian population in 1849–1921, its differences between urban and rural areas, and the links with A. R. Omran’s theory of epidemiological transition. The data of death records suggests the epi­demiological transition in Lithuania began at the end of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century and displays the influence of the type of place of residence on the pace of mortality change.

Olimpismo: The Olympic Movement in the Making of Latin America and the Caribbean

Olimpismo: The Olympic Movement in the Making of Latin America and the Caribbean