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Pierre Robin Sequence: An Updated Evidence-Based Treatment Proposal.

The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is characterized by the presence of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory obstruction during the neonatal period, its prompt recognition allows to mitigate the associated morbidity and mortality. A diagnosis and treatment algorithm was previously proposed based on data from the literature to guide therapeutic efforts; therefore, it was proposed to carry out a new search for relevant evidence to update or complement it. A literature review of the subject was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, corresponding to the period between November 2016 and September 2021. Using the GRADE methodology, 38 articles from different clinical studies that discussed diagnostic tests or therapeutic approaches, directly or indirectly compared, were selected and evaluated. After evaluating and analyzing the selected articles, the new information was incorporated into an updated algorithm according to the most recent evidence found for the diagnosis and comprehensive management of patients with PRS. To date, there is no consensus in the literature on the treatment of patients with PRS nor are there multicenter studies comparing different management modalities. The indications to proceed with surgical strategies do not present changes with respect to the previous article. Nutritional monitoring is the main objective, and the study of oral feeding is essential in all scenarios.

Insight into the research history and trends of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a bibliometric analysis

BackgroundTotal anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by the inability of all pulmonary veins to connect to the left atrium. Our previous bibliometric article summarized the characteristics of only the 100 most cited papers in TAPVC research. The purpose of this study was to use comprehensive bibliometric analysis to examine the development history, current status, and future trends in the field of TAPVC.MethodsAll publications on TAPVC published between 2000 and 2023 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. The publication and citation data were quantitatively analyzed by publication year, country, institution, author, and journal. Co-authorship and co-occurrence analyses were performed using VOSviewer, and keyword and reference bursts were identified using CiteSpace. Pearson’s test was used to examine the correlations between two continuous variables.ResultsAs of July 20, 2023, we identified 368 publications with 3320 citations. These publications were published in 132 journals and authored by 1835 researchers from 457 institutions in 47 countries. For the number of publications, the top country, top institution, top author, and top journals were the United States (n = 82), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (n = 13), Huiwen Chen (n = 9), and Annals of Thoracic Surgery and Pediatric Cardiology (n = 29 each), respectively. For the number of citations, the top country, top affiliation, top author, and top journal were the United States (n = 1348), University of Toronto (n = 250), Christopher A. Caldarone (n = 315), and Annals of Thoracic Surgery (n = 746), respectively. The number of national publications significantly correlated with GDP (R = 0.887, P < 0.001), research & development (R&D) expenditure (R = 0.375, P = 0.013), population (R = 0.694, P < 0.001), and journals (R = 0.751, P < 0.001). The number of national citations significantly correlated with GDP (R = 0.881, P < 0.001), R&D expenditure (R = 0.446, P = 0.003), population (R = 0.305, P = 0.037), and journals (R = 0.917, P < 0.001). International collaboration in the field of TAPVC was not well developed. The most commonly cited publication discussed era changes in mortality and reoperation rate in TAPVC patients. The most common keywords were “total anomalous pulmonary venous connection” and “congenital heart disease”. The keyword “case report” appeared most recently, with an average occurrence year of 2021.8. The co-occurrence analysis grouped 26 keywords into six themes: surgical repair of TAPVC, postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis, surgical repair of TAPVC patients with heterotaxy, application of echocardiography in diagnosing TAPVC, application of echocardiography in the prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC, and application of the sutureless technique in the surgical repair of TAPVC patients with right atrial isomerism or a single ventricle. Citation burst detection identified 32 references with citation bursts, seven of which had ongoing citation bursts until 2023.ConclusionsThis study conducted a bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of TAPVC research. We hope to offer new ideas for promoting development in the field of TAPVC.

Digitally enabled perinatal mental health programmes: a Scottish perspective

This article provides an overview of the use of digitally enabled programmes to support perinatal mental healthcare in the NHS in Scotland, focusing on the Perinatal Wellbeing Programme from SilverCloud®. This follow up to a previous article published in the British Journal of Midwifery considers the experiences of using this programme in a Scottish context, examining feedback from users of the intervention.

READINESS OF TEACHERS OF GEOGRAFHY OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC TO USE THE ELECTRONIC MANUAL WITH IT SUPPORT

The purpose of the article is to highlight the level of readiness of teachers of geography of special schools of the Slovak Republic (on the example of 14 of special and inclusive education institutions of the Košice Region) to the use of an electronic didactic manual on IT support. Teachers of the Department of Special Pedagogy of the Pedagogical Faculty of the Catholic University in Ruzomberok together with teachers of the geography of special schools prepared an electronic didactic manual on IT support taking into account modern requirements to the level of knowledge, abilities and psychophysical capabilities of school children with special education needs. The manual has helped to raise the level of geographical learning among school children of special school. The convincing results of the pedagogical experiment are described in the previous article «Using a didactic tool with IT-support for teaching geography in a special school in Slovakia». However, in the course of studying the question the researchers concluded that success in the work depends on the level of readiness of the teacher for this work. Namely, the presence of interest and motivation to the introduction of innovative forms of training for the subjects of the education process the attitude of the teacher to the organization of the education process, the level of professional training (possession of the means and technologies of training). To obtain objective and unbiased results Google Form has conducted a survey of teachers of geography. The first set of questions – the reference one – provided an opportblocky to explain the answers of the second set of questions – the informative one. The statistical processing of the survey results supports the assumption that the quality of the IT-supported e-manual is largely dependent on the teacher’s readiness. The results also show that the majority of teachers of geography surveyed are well aware of the benefits of this teaching tool and are now ready to put the manual into practice. However, due to the rapid progress in the use of information and communication technologies the teachers of special schools do not deny the need to improve their professional knowledge of the use of ICT in postgraduate teacher training.

Life‐giving Flesh: Deity, Humanity, and the Efficacy of the Atonement – Part Two

AbstractThe life‐giving power of Christ's flesh and the unique efficacy of his atoning death is grounded in the fact that the flesh belongs to a divine person, the eternal Word. The previous article critiqued an attempt to explain the life‐giving power of Christ's flesh by way of a divine suffering on the cross and instead sought to ground the efficacy of Christ's atoning death in the proper and instrumental power of Christ's humanity. This second article argues that the efficacy of Christ's atoning death is grounded also in the infinite worth of the ransom that he pays on the cross. The claim that the infinite worth of Christ's ransom is derived from his deity, which itself does not suffer or die, will be articulated in dialogue with several patristic, medieval, and early modern theologians.

Analisis Pengambilan Keputusan Rasionalitas Pada Kebijakan Presiden Dibawah Umur 40 Tahun Yang diTetapkan Oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK)

A thorough examination of the temporal dynamics of politics is undertaken in this study. Just days before the last deadline for presidential and vice presidential candidates to register, the public was stunned by the contentious judgement of the Constitutional Court (MK). This research seeks to utilise a rational decision-making framework to understand the rationale behind the Constitutional Court's (MK) ruling on the eligibility of presidential and vice presidential candidates under the age of 40, as outlined in article 90/PUU-XXI/2023. This ruling is a continuation of the previous article, specifically Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections, which established this age limit. In addition to original data collected from applicable statutes, journals, and other sources, this study employs a literature review methodology. this study delves into the relationship between the determination process and article 90/PUU-XXI/2023. The participants in this research demonstrated a comprehension of rational choice principles and the process of choosing presidential and vice presidential candidates, according to the findings. As well as showing that the decisions decided are subjective and irrational because they focus on actors because actors are considered as humans with goals, which means they perform certain actions and goals to achieve their goals.

Dance-specific eligibility of vocational ballet students - examinations at a governmental training institution for classical ballet

During their training, pre-professional ballet students are confronted with physical stresses comparable to those of competitive sports. In competitive sports, there are mandatory and binding aptitude tests to ensure that the growing athlete meets the requirements. In ballet, there are no such mandatory examinations preceding the start of training. For adult professional dancers, musculoskeletal ideals could be isolated from the dance medicine literature. However, only a few studies describe musculoskeletal characteristics of pre-professional ballet students. It is neither known at what age a student should meet the ideal measurements for an adult nor what deviations from the ideal can be considered normal. This study aims to describe sociodemographic and musculoskeletal characteristics of pre-professional ballet students and discusses to what extent they already meet or deviate from dance-specific eligibility criteria for adult professional ballet dancers. In this study, n = 414 female and n = 192 male students of John Cranko School (JCS) were seen by an experienced orthopaedist and dance physician. Mean age was 13.9 years (SD 3.5, range 5-22 years). Their medical history was taken (age; nationality; start of ballet/training) and a physical examination was performed (height/weight; symmetry of shoulder girdle, spine, waist triangles; pelvic tilt; tibial torsion; range of motion of base of index finger joint, spine, hips, ankle and base of great toe joint). Subsequently, the results of this study were compared with suitability criteria for adult professional ballet dancers that had been isolated from the dance medicine literature for a previous article. Examinees were from 49 different nations. 34.6% of the female subjects (≥16 years) were between 165 and 170 cm and 33.3% of the male subjects (≥18 years) were between 178 and 185 cm tall. 45.0% of those examined showed low body weight (<10th percentile, BMI <18.5 kg/m²). The trunk of 61.0-84.8% of those examined was erect and symmetrical. 25.2% had scoliosis. Half (53.5%) were found to have a bilateral external rotation of the hips of at least 60°, and 68.7% had a bilateral internal rotation between 20 and 50°. 87.3% exhibited a bilateral tibial torsion between 15 and 40°. A bilateral en dehors of 90° was calculated for 25.0%. In 9.1% of those examined, the upper ankle joints presented a dorsiflexion of at least 25°, and in 70.2%, a plantarflexion of at least 70° was seen. In 88.0%, the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe was 90° (f) and 80° (m) on both sides. The results of this study showed that pre-professional ballet students fulfil many characteristics of adult professional ballet dancers. High values already among young age groups suggest a ballet-specific selection. Nevertheless, not all students fulfil the theoretical "ideal measurements" for professional classical ballet. These anatomical limits should be considered individually in training to protect the growing pre-professional ballet dancer. The high ballet-specific anatomical demands, but especially the large number of students with a low body weight, underline the necessity of mandatory aptitude tests at the beginning and regular check-ups in the course of training to avert compensatory mechanisms and their consequential damage and to screen for eating disorders and disorders of eating behaviour.

Exploring the Limits of Artificial Intelligence for Referencing Scientific Articles.

To evaluate the reliability of three artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic) in generating accurate references from existing obstetric literature. Between mid-March and late April 2023, ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic were prompted to provide references for specific obstetrical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2020. RCTs were considered for inclusion if they were mentioned in a previous article that primarily evaluated RCTs published by the top medical and obstetrics and gynecology journals with the highest impact factors in 2020 as well as RCTs published in a new journal focused on publishing obstetric RCTs. The selection of the three AI models was based on their popularity, performance in natural language processing, and public availability. Data collection involved prompting the AI chatbots to provide references according to a standardized protocol. The primary evaluation metric was the accuracy of each AI model in correctly citing references, including authors, publication title, journal name, and digital object identifier (DOI). Statistical analysis was performed using a permutation test to compare the performance of the AI models. Among the 44 RCTs analyzed, Google Bard demonstrated the highest accuracy, correctly citing 13.6% of the requested RCTs, whereas ChatGPT and Chatsonic exhibited lower accuracy rates of 2.4 and 0%, respectively. Google Bard often substantially outperformed Chatsonic and ChatGPT in correctly citing the studied reference components. The majority of references from all AI models studied were noted to provide DOIs for unrelated studies or DOIs that do not exist. To ensure the reliability of scientific information being disseminated, authors must exercise caution when utilizing AI for scientific writing and literature search. However, despite their limitations, collaborative partnerships between AI systems and researchers have the potential to drive synergistic advancements, leading to improved patient care and outcomes. · AI chatbots often cite scientific articles incorrectly.. · AI chatbots can create false references.. · Responsible AI use in research is vital..

Hematological parameters of blood of the heifers of different lines of the Kazakh white-headed breed

The experience of importing high-yielding foreign producers has shown the disadvantages of this practice due to low adaptation of the imported animals and difficulties in their full acclimatization to new conditions of housing and feeding. As a result, at best it prevents them from realizing their potential, at worst it contributes to their rapid drop out of the reproduction process. Domestic breeds are adapted to Russian conditions, but need to improve their productive qualities. Therefore, selection and breeding work is of key importance in the technological development of the beef cattle breeding industry of our country. We conducted studies on the heifers of the Kazakh white-headed breed of the Donguz 7139, Korol 13682NV-6 and Zolotoi 3423 lines in the conditions of the APC (collective farm) "Anikhovsky" of the Adamovsky district of the Orenburg region. Blood sampling of the heifers at 15 months of age (n = 18) was carried out in the morning before feeding from the jugular vein, for morphological studies – in vacuum tubes with an anticoagulant, for biochemical – with a coagulation activator. It was found that the heifers of the Zolotoi 3423 line surpassed the animals of the Donguz 7139 line in blood content of total protein (79,9 g/l) by 5.6%, albumins (36,8 g/l) by 6.35%, AST (27,8 Un/l) by 4.27%, ALT (105,0 Un/l) by 14.2%, erythrocytes (5,67 ∙ 10[1]2 cells/l) by 15.24% and hemoglobin (79,6 g/l) by 12.42%, that indicates a high rate of metabolism and redox processes in their body and eliminates the hidden risks of stability, adaptability of the gene pool of a new breeding form. Taking into account the productivity indicators given in the previous article, as well as the results obtained in the course of the present study, the creation and increase in the number of animals of the Zolotoi 3423 line is promising in breeding and breeding work with a herd of the Kazakh white-headed cattle in the APC (collective farm).

Machine Learning Approach to Forecast the Tensile Strength of Bamboo

Bamboo holds significant global economic importance as a non-timber forest product. Its fibers can be utilized in concrete reinforcement, a concept known as bamboo fiber reinforced concrete. Nevertheless, further investigation is required for Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Concrete, with a specific focus on bamboo tensile strength. This study aimed to foretell the BTS through several machine learning techniques, including artificial neural network, extreme learning machine, and support vector regression. A total of 30 samples from the previous literature article were considered for predicting Bamboo Tensile Strength. The dataset was split into two parts, with 80% allocated for training data and 20% for testing data. The outcome from the data testing shows that the extreme learning machine predict very sensitive to random errors in the observed target. The results show that a positive correlation was found between key input parameters, such as the shorter dimension of bamboo, the longer dimension of bamboo, cross- sectional area, modulus of elasticity, and area, in relation to the output bamboo tensile strength.

An edge-based interface tracking (EBIT) method for multiphase-flow simulation with surface tension

We present a novel Front-Tracking method, the Edge-Based Interface Tracking (EBIT) method for multiphase flow simulations. In the EBIT method, the markers are located on the grid edges and the interface can be reconstructed without storing the connectivity of the markers. This feature makes the process of marker addition or removal easier than in the traditional Front-Tracking method. The EBIT method also allows almost automatic parallelization due to the lack of explicit connectivity.In a previous journal article we have presented the kinematic part of the EBIT method, that includes the algorithms for piecewise linear reconstruction and advection of the interface. Here, we complete the presentation of the EBIT method and combine the kinematic algorithm with a Navier–Stokes solver. A circle fit is now implemented to improve the accuracy of mass conservation in the reconstruction phase. Furthermore, to identify the reference phase and to distinguish ambiguous topological configurations, we introduce a new feature: the Color Vertex. For the coupling with the Navier–Stokes equations, we first calculate volume fractions from the position of the markers and the Color Vertex, then viscosity and density fields from the computed volume fractions and finally surface tension stresses with the Height-Function method. In addition, an automatic topology change algorithm is implemented into the EBIT method, making it possible the simulation of more complex flows. The two-dimensional version of the EBIT method has been implemented in the free Basilisk platform, and validated with seven standard test cases: stagnation flow, translation with uniform velocity, single vortex, Zalesak's disk, capillary wave, Rayleigh-Taylor instability and rising bubble. The results are compared with those obtained with the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method already implemented in Basilisk.

Market Risk in Project Finance: Approaches to Review and Minimisation

Relevance. Development of an investment project is commonly associated with many risks, and one of the most significant risks is a market risk i.e. is a possible failure to achieve prices, volumes and sales projected in total compared to those planned in the business plan and financial model of a project. Modern literature pays not enough attention to many relevant and practical issues of the market risk (i.e. is a possible failure to achieve prices, volumes and sales projected) review and reduction in the project finance and investment review, as well as to issues of work with independent marketing consultants, possible areas and ways for risk reduction and quality improvement.Purpose. The previous article considered approaches to understanding significance of the market risk and measures to deal with the risk in the review of price forecasts for an investment project. This article is supposed to consider the issues of risk reduction by organising optimal work with an independent consultant on these issues.Objectives. It is supposed to consider the possibility of engaging an independent marketing consultant, the requirements to the consultant by the financing organisation or investor, to provide an example of detailed scope of work for the independent analysis, give examples of comments to the marketing report and proposed measures to adjust the analysis in the report. It is also necessary to consider approaches to the use of the financial model in order to reduce market risk effects in project financing.Methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction as well as modelling are used in the article.Results. The article considers two major issues related to the accounting for or reduction of the market risks in the development of investment projects and providing project finance: the range of questions regarding working with a marketing consultant in order to decrease market risk effects is discussed, examples of requirements to the consultant and potential scope of work as well as some possible errors examples are given; author discusses instruments for considering these risks in financial model, including increased required levels for liquidity and debt service ratios in case of high risks and uncertainties.Conclusion. The market risk is one of the key risks in the development of an investment project and project review in project finance. A set of measures is needed to reduce and account for the risk. Proper application of these and other reasonable measures should enable project initiators and sponsors to ensure their successful development and compliance with the debt service schedule to third-party lenders.

Influence of the parameters governing antagonistic efficacy of bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation

The development of novel antagonistic nanoparticles requires information about the factors that influence the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity. Even though antibacterial studies relating size and shape of metallic nanoparticles were reported earlier we attempted to comprehend the parameters that control the antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy of bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles prepared by femtosecond laser ablation. The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles was done according to our previous article. Absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) validated the buildup of bimetallic nanoparticles. The samples were investigated for antibacterial activity against Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram positive (Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus) microorganisms by agar disc diffusion. Anti-biofilm studies were conducted and the biofilm inhibition percentage was calculated. SEM images clearly support the biofilm inhibition occurring to the microorganisms after the treatment with the nanoparticles. It was observed that the antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy of the samples increased with the size, concentration, and composition of the nanoparticles. Considering the morphological aspect, the nanoalloy structure showed better activity compared to the core shell structure. Thus it can be concluded that the size, concentration, composition and morphology are key factors that govern the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effectiveness of the synthesized bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles. To our knowledge and belief, this is the first work of its kind discussing all the controlling parameters together. This information could be incorporated while synthesizing nanoparticles for medical applications as coating substances.

Ideas for Estate and Transition Planning: Gifting

For many farm and ranch families, bringing children or grandchildren into the operation is the ultimate goal. Successfully bringing additional family members into the operation may require some creativity as all parties need to maintain a viable standard of living. This article is part of a series that will highlight ideas and tactics for bringing another family member into the operation. If this is the first article you are seeing in this series, I would encourage you to go back to the previous article for background and additional guidance. The second tactic to transfer wealth between generations is gifting. The U.S. tax code has two main laws that apply to gifting: the annual gift tax exclusion and the gift and estate tax basic exclusion amount.” In this article, the person gifting assets is going to be called the donor, and the person receiving the gift is going to be called the donee

Ermakov Equations can be Derived from Zel’dovich Pancake, and they are Cold and Nonlocal through using Neutrosophic Venn Diagram

As we argue in the previous article [3], the labyrinthine worlds of Jorge Luis Borges are more than captivating narratives; they are portals to a deeper understanding of existence. By weaving elements of science-fiction fantasy with philosophical and ethical inquiries, Borges's short stories bridge the seemingly disparate realms of physics and the humanities, offering fertile ground for contemporary physics research. The present-day universe consists of galaxies, galaxy clusters, one-dimensional filaments and two-dimensional sheets or pancakes, all of which combine to form the cosmic web. The so called ”Zeldovich pancakes”, are very difficult to observe, because their overdensity is only slightly greater than the average density of the universe. Falco et al. presented a method to identify Zeldovich pancakes in observational data, and the method were used as a tool for estimating the mass of galaxy clusters [2]. Here we provide an outline from Zel’dovich pancake to Burgers equations to represent cosmic turbulence, and then from Burgers equations to Ermakov dynamics systems, which in turn they plausibly lead to nonlocal current.

Density jump for oblique collisionless shocks in pair plasmas: physical solutions

Collisionless shocks are frequently analysed using the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) formalism, even though MHD assumes a small mean free path. Yet, isotropy of pressure, the fruit of binary collisions and assumed in MHD, may not apply in collisionless shocks. This is especially true within a magnetized plasma, where the field can stabilize an anisotropy. In a previous article (Bret &amp; Narayan, J. Plasma Phys., vol. 88, no. 6, 2022b, p. 905880615), a model was presented capable of dealing with the anisotropies that may arise at the front crossing. It was solved for any orientation of the field with respect to the shock front. Yet, for some values of the upstream parameters, several downstream solutions were found. Here, we complete the work started in Bret &amp; Narayan (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 88, no. 6, 2022b, p. 905880615) by showing how to pick the physical solution out of the ones offered by the algebra. This is achieved by 2 means: (i) selecting the solution that has the downstream field obliquity closest to the upstream one. This criterion is exemplified on the parallel case and backed up by particle-in-cell simulations. (ii) Filtering out solutions which do not satisfy a criteria already invoked to trim multiple solutions in MHD: the evolutionarity criterion, that we assume valid in the collisionless case. The end result is a model in which a given upstream configuration results in a unique, or no downstream configuration (as in MHD). The largest departure from MHD is found for the case of a parallel shock.

Dynamical Analysis of the Redshift Drift in FLRW Universes

Redshift drift is the phenomenon whereby the observed redshift between an emitter and observer comoving with the Hubble flow in an expanding FLRW universe will slowly evolve—on a timescale comparable to the Hubble time. In a previous article, three of the current authors performed a cosmographic analysis of the redshift drift in an FLRW universe, temporarily putting aside the issue of dynamics (the Friedmann equations). In the current article, we add dynamics while still remaining within the framework of an exact FLRW universe. We developed a suitable generic matter model and applied it to both standard FLRW and various dark energy models. Furthermore, we present an analysis of the utility of alternative cosmographic variables to describe the redshift drift data.

Distributive Epistemic Justice in Science

Previous articleNext article No AccessDistributive Epistemic Justice in ScienceGürol Irzik and Faik KurtulmusGürol Irzik Search for more articles by this author and Faik Kurtulmus Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science Just Accepted Society: The British Society for the Philosophy of Science Views: 141Total views on this site Views: 141Total views on this site Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/715351 Views: 141Total views on this site HistoryAccepted May 04, 2021 PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

A Model for Describing the Management Processes in the Scientific Sector. Verification

The model of management in the scientific sector presented in the previous article, as well as some alternative models applied to the organization of science management are used to interpret various statistical data. The article also considers intersectoral comparisons of science financing in countries of different levels of economic development, including the costs of basic research. It is shown that the correlation between science costs and gross domestic product (GDP) is 32.9% in more than 120 countries of the world and GDP per capita is 50.9%. They are not statistically significant. On average, the share of basic study costs in domestic research and development expenses does not depend on the level of wealth of countries. This allows us to conclude in favor of a mutually consistent management model in the scientific sector. The author analyzes the dynamics of the number of researchers and small enterprises in the sector of science and scientific services, as well as the dynamics of the number of academic employees in the sectors of science in the 1990s. It is demonstrated that the decrease in their number mainly occurred in the applied sectors and to a lesser extent in the fundamental research sector. These data are described more fully by the proposed mutually consistent model of science than by the alternative models. Possible adjustments in the organization of the scientific sector management system are examined, including in terms of changes in input impacts on the science sector, output indicators characterizing its effectiveness, as well as changes in the organization of the scientific sector and management bodies, which follow from the considered mutually agreed management model in this sector of the economy.

The Role of Mothers-in-Law in Determining Women’s Work: Evidence from India

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Role of Mothers-in-Law in Determining Women's Work: Evidence from IndiaDivya Pandey and Madhulika KhannaDivya Pandey Search for more articles by this author and Madhulika Khanna Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Just Accepted Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/724307 Views: 18Total views on this site HistoryAccepted January 19, 2023 © 2023 The University of Chicago. All Rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.