Prevention Study Research Articles

INCIDÊNCIA DE PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO EM MULHERES EM SÃO PAULO NO ANO DE 2018 A 2021

HPV is the acronym for the Human Papillom Virus, which is a virus that can cause cervical cancer, in addition to other diseases. It is transmitted by sexual contact and is very common among young and sexually active adults. There are more than 100 types of HPV, most infections without manifestations of symptoms and resolve spontaneously, while others can cause warts on the skin and mucous membranes. Some strains account for about 70% of cervical cancer cases. In addition, HPV may also increase the risk of cancer, such as cancer of the anus, penis, vulva, vagina and oropharynx. HPV affects many people in society, especially young people. Women discovering the disease late can lead to serious health complications. Therefore, it is crucial to invest in studies for diagnosis and treatment prevention for better quality of life. The media is the main factor of awareness of this disease. Identifying the places of higher incidence can contribute to care programs for prevention and treatment, so that in the long term the rates of the disease can become reduced.

Integrating an Ethics Advisory Committee Into Public Health Response: A Case Study of COVID-19, Infection Prevention and Control, and Essential Work in the United States.

A lack of infection prevention and control protections for essential industries in the United States led to increased risk and incidence of COVID-19 among essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. When the nation deems an industry essential during a disease outbreak, an ethical obligation exists to safeguard the health of workers who are at increased risk of being exposed to disease. The Global Center for Health Security at the University of Nebraska Medical Center began work to rapidly develop and disseminate infection prevention and control guidance for essential industries, such as meat processing. The Global Center for Health Security established an ethics advisory committee to support COVID-19 response efforts. The ethics advisory committee supported the development of guidance on infection prevention and control to promote justice, reciprocity, health, safety, and equity for workers in the meat processing industry. Our experience highlighted the fundamental role of ethical analysis in public health response efforts, but ethical analysis in this case required an interdisciplinary approach, including the need for effective community-relevant solutions. The integration of an ethics committee into public health emergency response efforts can address ethical concerns for workers in industries that must remain operational during public health emergencies.

Autonomous artificial intelligence for sorting the results of preventive radiological studies on the example of mammography

The purpose of research. Radiation diagnostics is central to the detection of malignant neoplasms. Recently, the implementation of screening programs has faced a number of obstacles, including staff shortages and limited funding. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems capable of absolutely accurate sorting of research into two categories - "normal" and "not normal", seems to be a promising solution to these problems. However, before they are widely used, it is critically important to verify their ability to guarantee the safety and high quality of the screening process. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using autonomous sorting of mammographic examination results in real clinical conditions. Methods. The study was carried out in 2 stages. At the first stage, 25,892 mammographic studies processed by the AI service were retrospectively analyzed. A ROC analysis of these results was carried out in order to assess the possibility of configuring the AI service for 100% sensitivity. At the prospective stage, the results of 82,372 mammograms were analyzed. All studies were processed by AI services configured for 100% sensitivity. The tasks of the AI services included the sorting of mammography results into the categories "normal" and "not normal". Next, the decisions of AI services and radiologists on categorization were compared. Results. According to the results of a retrospective study, when configuring the AI service for 100% sensitivity, the specificity was 39%. In the course of a prospective study, the proportion of defects (false attribution of research results to the "norm" category) was 0.08%, the specific weight of clinically significant defects in AI services was 0.02%, which is significantly lower than that of a radiologist. Conclusion. The use of autonomous sorting of mammographic research results in clinical practice is possible in order to optimize the diagnostic process during preventive measures, as well as under the condition of monitoring the quality of artificial intelligence technologies. Keywords: artificial intelligence, mammography, preventive examinations, radiation diagnostics. Conflict of interest: The author declares the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

Research on Occurrence Law and the Prevention of Rockbursts in Main Roadways Affected by Mining Activities: Two Case Studies from Gaojiapu and Cuimu Coal Mines, Shaanxi, China

Rockburst, one of the leading types of disaster in mining and rock engineering causing serious injuries and the loss of property, frequently occurs, involving various features and complex evolutionary mechanisms. Compared to rockbursts occurring at mining faces, those occurring in main roadways cause more serious problems for mine production. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of rockbursts in main roadways using two case studies involving the Gaojiapu and Cuimu coal mines. The causes of rockbursts in main roadways were studied using microseismic monitoring, energy density cloud maps, and seismic velocity tomography. During the mining of the 22306 working face in the Cuimu coal mine, targeted measures, such as deep-hole blasting of the roof strata and deep-hole blasting of the coal seam, were implemented to prevent rockbursts in the main roadways. The effectiveness of these measures was verified through long-term analysis of tremor activities. The study found that the influence of mining at two working faces on both sides of main roadways was significantly greater than that from a single-sided working face. The intensity of the tremor activities occurring near the main roadways was correlated with the distance from the working face to the main roadways. The closer the working face was to the main roadways, the stronger the tremor activities were near the main roadways. According to the distribution range of the tremors, the influence area of working face mining exceeded 800 m, with tremors distributed linearly along the main roadways. Even five months after the completion of working face mining, there were still a large number of tremors near the main roadways, which gradually disappeared after another five months. Mining activities were the main reason for the occurrence of main roadway rockbursts and the stress concentration within the main roadways themselves was another reason for the occurrence of rockbursts. The influence of working face mining could be reduced by deep-hole blasting of roof strata and the stress concentration within main roadways themselves could be reduced by large-diameter drilling. Those joint preventive measures effectively prevented the occurrence of rockbursts in main roadways. This study is of important theoretical and practical significance for further studies of rockburst mechanisms and prevention in regard to main roadways in coal mines, and the findings are significant in terms of the enhancement of safety in coal mines.

Gene expression of tight junctions in foreskin is not affected by HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

IntroductionTight junctions (TJs) serve as permeability filters between the internal and external cellular environment. A large number of proteins have been identified to be localized at the TJs. Due to limitations in tissue collection, TJs in the male genital tract have been understudied.MethodsWe analysed the transcriptomics of 132 TJ genes in foreskin tissue of men requesting voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) and enrolled in the Combined HIV Adolescent Prevention Study (CHAPS) trial conducted in South Africa and Uganda (NCT03986970). The trial evaluated the dose requirements for event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine-tenofovir (FTC-TDF) or emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide (FTC-TAF) during insertive sex. A total of 144 participants were randomized to either control arm or one of 8 PrEP arms (n=16/arm), receiving oral FTC-TDF or FTC-TAF over one or two days. Following in vivo oral PrEP dosing and VMMC, the expression level of three important TJ proteins (CLDN-1, OCN and ZO-1) was measured ex vivo in foreskin tissue by Western blot. The expression of cytokine genes implicated in TJ regulation was determined. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare TJ gene expression and protein levels by type of PrEP received, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to assess whether TJ gene expression levels were related to cytokine gene levels or to PrEP drug concentrations and their active intracellularly phosphorylated metabolites.ResultsA high level of expression in foreskin tissue was found for 118 (of 132) TJ genes analysed; this finding contributed to create a map of TJ components within the male genital tract. Importantly, PrEP regimens tested in the CHAPS trial did not affect the expression of TJ genes and the analysed proteins in the foreskin; thus, further supporting the safety of this prevention strategy against HIV-1 transmission during insertive sex. Additionally, we identified the level of several cytokines’ genes to be correlated to TJ gene expression: among them, IL-18, IL-33 and VEGF.DiscussionTJs can limit viral entry into target cells; to affect this biological function viruses can reduce the expression of TJ proteins. Our study, on the expression and regulation of TJs in the foreskin, contribute important knowledge for PrEP safety and further design of HIV-1 prophylaxis.

Permutation Test for Image-on-Scalar Regression With an Application to Breast Cancer.

Image based screening is now routinely available for early detection of cancer and other diseases. Quantitative analysis for effects of risk factors on digital images is important to extract biological insights for modifiable factors in prevention studies and understand pathways for targets in preventive drugs. However, current approaches are restricted to summary measures within the image with the assumption that all relevant features needed to characterize an image can be identified and appropriately quantified. Motivated by data challenges in breast cancer, we propose a nonparametric statistical framework for risk factor screening that uses the whole mammogram image as outcome. The proposed permutation test allows assessment of whether a set of scalar risk factors is associated with the whole image in the presence of correlated residuals across the spatial domain. We provide extensive simulation studies and illustrate an application to the Joanne Knight Breast Health Cohort using the mammogram imaging data.

The risk information and skin-cancer education for undergraduate prevention (RISE-UP) study: Protocol for a trial of personalized sun protection interventions for skin cancer prevention among undergraduate students

BackgroundAddressing the increasing incidence of skin cancer among young adults is a priority. The objective of the Risk Information and Skin-cancer Education for Undergraduate Prevention (RISE-UP) study is to identify personalized intervention components to prevent sunburn, a clinically significant outcome highly associated with skin cancer, in college students. MethodsGuided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the study will use Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) methodology to test three intervention components (ultraviolet photography, MC1R genetic testing, and action planning) each with two levels (yes v. no) in a full-factorial experiment to evaluate unique and combined effects of these components to improve outcomes over the longer-term, with seasonally timed follow-up. At-risk University of Utah students (N = 528) will be recruited. Eligibility criteria include self-reported sunburn or tanning in the past year, or not utilizing recommended sun protection. After baseline assessment, participants will be randomized to intervention group, stratified by sex. Assessments will be completed at (1) Baseline; (2) Intervention; (3) 1 month after intervention; (4) 4 months after intervention (the end of the first summer); and (5) 15 months after intervention (the end of the second summer). The primary outcome will be participants' self-reported number of sunburns. Secondary outcomes will include self-reported sun protection and tanning behaviors and, in a randomly selected subgroup, an objective measure of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. ConclusionThe RISE-UP study will determine the efficacy of different combinations of personalized skin cancer preventative interventions for young adults and determine the optimal combination of intervention components to prevent skin cancer.Clinical Trial Registration:NCT05634252

Calcineurin/NFAT inhibitors maintain cognition in a preclinical prevention study in an aging canine model of Alzheimer disease

Brain signaling of calcineurin (CN) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor increases in Alzheimer disease (AD) and is associated with synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, amyloid-β (Aβ) production, and cognitive decline. CN/NFAT inhibitors ameliorate these neuropathologies in mouse models of AD. Further, chronic use of tacrolimus in transplant patients reduces risk of AD. Beagles naturally develop Aβ plaques and cognitive dysfunction. We evaluated the impact of FDA-approved CN inhibitor, tacrolimus, and experimental NFAT inhibitor, Q134R, on cognitive outcomes during a three-year prevention study in 37 middle-aged beagles. While beagles treated with CN/NFAT inhibitors showed differences in the pattern of cognitive maintenance and duration of their effect, there was improvement in spatial learning, as well as maintenance of memory, attention, and working memory relative to placebo dogs. CN/NFAT inhibition is a promising target for prevention of cognitive decline that may be rapidly implemented in human clinical trials.

Willingness of Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer to Participate in Prevention Trials.

The factors affecting women's willingness to participate (WTP) in breast cancer (BC) prevention trials are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of interventions associated with a higher WTP among high BC risk women. Women who self-identified as being at an increased risk of BC were recruited to a cross-sectional study of WTP in BC prevention trials. Responses were dichotomized into more willing (a lot and moderately) and less willing (some, a little, and not at all), and responses were compared by patient characteristics and intervention type. Of 143 participants, 81.2% (116) completed ≥30% of a Likert-type scale questionnaire on WTP in various intervention types for BC prevention. Overall, WTP in BC prevention studies was high, with 82.7% more willing, including 69.0% and 70.7%, respectively, for unspecified physical activity and dietary interventions. WTP differed significantly by the duration of diet-based and physical activity behavior change interventions: decreasing with 12- versus 3-month diet-based interventions (P < .0001) and decreasing for 1 hour versus 30 minutes of low-intensity exercise/day (P < .0001). For interventions involving medication, only 18.1% expressed being more willing to participate, and WTP decreased significantly when side effects were presented. WTP was influenced by BC risk gene mutation status, with WTP among gene carriers higher compared with nongene carriers (52.6% v 30.2%, P = .018). WTP in BC prevention trials was the highest for women with known genetic risk and for interventions involving a behavior change. Medications with side effects had the lowest WTP. For behavior change, WTP was negatively influenced by intervention duration beyond a few months, indicating that individual perception of BC risk and inconvenience strongly influence WTP.

In vivo and Laboratory Studies of Tetracycline Prevention of Foulbrood disease of Apis cerana indica Fab. and its Effects on Honey

Laboratory and field studies were carried out to assess the efficacy of the antibiotic tetracycline in preventing and managing American foulbrood (AFB) and European foulbrood (EFB) diseases in honey bees. Experiments with immature worker bees in the laboratory demonstrated that honey bee larvae could endure a broad range of antibiotic doses in their diet. The recommended dose of tetracycline (100 μg/ml) effectively protected young larvae from infection. However, once the dose exceeded this recommended level, it reached a point where it became lethal.

Evaluating a multicomponent intervention for managing kidney outcomes among patients with moderate or advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD): protocol for the Strategies for Kidney Outcomes Prevention and Evaluation (SKOPE) randomized controlled trial

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and prompt intervention are critical in preventing progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and cardiovascular complications. Effective CKD management requires comprehensive care packages that integrate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions within collaborative, team-based models, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and overall quality of life. The goal of the Strategies for Kidney Outcomes Prevention and Evaluation (SKOPE) study is to establish effective multicomponent intervention (MCI) strategies for evaluating and preventing kidney outcomes in patients with moderate to advanced CKD within primary care settings in Singapore.MethodsThis study is a 3-year randomized controlled trial among 896 participants aged between 40 and 80 years with moderate or advanced CKD in five government-subsidized polyclinics in Singapore. The components of the MCI are (1) nurses/service coordinators trained as health coaches for motivational conversation and CKD-specific lifestyle counseling on diet and exercise, using a hybrid follow-up approach of in-person, telephone, and secure video meetings; (2) training physicians in algorithm-based standardized management of CKD; (3) subsidy on SGLT2i medications for CKD; and (4) regular CKD case review meetings. The primary outcome is the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) total slope from randomization to final follow-up at 36 months.DiscussionIf shown to be effective, cost-effective, and acceptable, SKOPE should be considered for scaling country-wide and in similar regional healthcare systems.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05295368. Registered on March 25, 2022.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the predictive value of the C2HEST score to predict new onset atrial fibrillation in &amp;gt;11 million Western and Asian subjects

Abstract Background The incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is increasing in the last decades. NOAF is associated with worse long-term prognosis. The C2HEST score has been recently proposed to stratify the NOAF risk. The C2HEST score includes coronary artery disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1 point each), hypertension (1 point), elderly (age ≥ 75 years, 2 points), systolic heart failure (2 points), thyroid disease (1 point). Pooled data on the performance of the C2HEST score are lacking, as well as its performance in different subgroups of patients. Methods Systematic review and metanalysis of observational studies reporting data on NOAF according to the C2HEST score. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Google scholar databases. Metanalysis of the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was performed. We performed a sensitivity analysis on 1) subjects from the general population/primary care and 2) patients with cardiac disease, 3) Asian patients, 4) Western patients. The risk of bias (RoB) analysis was performed with the Cochrane RoBINS tool for observational studies, evaluating the following domains: bias due to confounding, to selection of participants, in classification of interventions, to deviations from intended interventions, due to missing data, in measurement of outcomes and in selection of the reported result. Results Strategy search retrieved 360 articles. Of these, 17 studies were included, accounting for 11,067,496 subjects/patients with 307,869 NOAF cases. Mean age ranged from 41.3 to 71.2 years. The pooled analysis gave an AUC of 0.70 (95%CI 0.66-0.74) with high heterogeneity. A subgroup analysis on studies from general population/primary care yielded an AUC of 0.69 (95%CI 0.64-0.75). In the subgroup of patients with cardiovascular disease, the AUC for the C2HEST score was 0.71 (0.69-0.79). The C2HEST score performed similarly in Asian (AUC 0.72, 95%CI 0.68-0.77), and in Western patients (AUC 0.68, 95%CI 0.62-0.75). We also performed a metanalysis of the Hazar ratios (HR) for different cut-offs of the C2HEST score. A C2HEST score &amp;gt;1 yielded an HR of 3.98 (95%CI 2.40-6.60), a C2HEST score &amp;gt;2 an HR of 5.63 (95%CI 2.78-11.42) and a C2HEST score &amp;gt;3 an HR of 5.02 (95%CI 2.64-9.54). Conclusion The C2HEST score shows a good performance in predicting NOAF in primary and secondary prevention studies. Furthermore, its predictive value is similar between Western and Asian subjects, making it widely usable in clinical practice. More data in other high-risk subgroups of patients such as those with stroke and after cardioversion-ablation patients are needed.

Is Weight Loss the Most Effective Method for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes? A Discussion in View of Evidence from Landmark Studies

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are a continuum and intertwined in a complex way. Both these chronic conditions pose a significant challenge to the global health system, if the current trend continues, it is estimated that by 2045 the number of people affected globally will increase by almost 700 million. Considering the above, effective strategies have to be implemented to tackle this global pandemic. The main strategies discussed in the literature are lifestyle intervention (ESI) with or without weight loss and medication. This article looked at the evidence from the various landmark studies which include the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) Outcomes of these studies suggest that ELSI with loss is superior to ELSI without weight loss and metformin in risk reduction of T2DM. The evidence from the Swedish obese subject study also concludes that weight loss achieved through bariatric surgery reduces the risk. Lifestyle modification programmes even without weight loss have greater health benefits but as far as risk reduction for T2DM the evidence is not conclusive. This review article concludes that reducing weight is paramount for preventing T2DM, especially in high-risk individuals, compliance plays a vital role in overcoming these challenges and stresses the importance of tailored strategies for person-to-person characteristics to overcome those challenges.

Zebrafish: A Versatile Animal Model in Biomedical Research

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful animal model in biomedical research, offering a unique combination of genetic tractability, rapid development, and conserved gene function with humans. This review highlights the significance of zebrafish in understanding various human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, cancer, and more. The zebrafish genome, with over 70% similarity to the human genome, allows for the modelling of human diseases with high fidelity. The ease of genetic manipulation, high fecundity, and low maintenance costs make zebrafish an attractive model for large-scale genetic screens and drug discovery. Zebrafish models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, have been developed, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Similarly, zebrafish models of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and atherosclerosis, have been established, enabling the study of disease pathogenesis and prevention strategies.The zebrafish has also been used to model various types of cancer, including leukaemia, melanoma, and pancreatic cancer, facilitating the discovery of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The transparent nature of zebrafish embryos and larvae allows for in vivo imaging of cancer cells, enabling the study of cancer cell behavior and response to therapy. Furthermore, zebrafish has been used to investigate brain-to-organ communication, cell transplantation, and cell-cell interactions, providing insights into the complex interactions between different tissues and organs. The development of novel tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and single-cell RNA sequencing, has further expanded the capabilities of zebrafish research.

Safety Findings in Patients With Anti-Aquaporin-4-Antibody-Positive (AQP4-Ab+) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) Who Received Eculizumab or Ravulizumab in the PREVENT and CHAMPION-NMOSD Studies and Had Received Rituximab Within 1 Year Prior to Enrollment

Safety Findings in Patients With Anti-Aquaporin-4-Antibody-Positive (AQP4-Ab+) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) Who Received Eculizumab or Ravulizumab in the PREVENT and CHAMPION-NMOSD Studies and Had Received Rituximab Within 1 Year Prior to Enrollment

Transgenic overexpression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster prevents mammary tumor initiation in Neu/Erbb2 transgenic mice.

Although significant progress in the treatment of breast cancer has been achieved, toxic therapies would not be required if breast cancer could be prevented from developing in the first place. While breast cancer prevention is difficult to study in humans due to long disease latency and stochastic cancer development, transgenic mouse models with 100% incidence and defined mammary tumor onset, provide excellent models for tumor prevention studies. In this study, we used Neu/Erbb2 transgenic mice (MTB-TAN) as a model of human HER2+ breast cancer to investigate whether a family of microRNAs, known as the miR-200 family, can prevent mammary tumor development. Overexpression of Neu induced palpable mammary tumors in 100% of the mice within 38 days of Neu overexpression. When the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster was co-overexpressed with Neu in the same mammary epithelial cells (MTB-TANba429 mice), the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster prevented Neu from inducing mammary epithelial hyperplasia and mammary tumor development. RNA sequencing revealed alterations in the extracellular matrix of the mammary gland and a decrease in stromal cells including myoepithelial cells in Neu transgenic mice. Immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin confirmed that mammary epithelial cells in control and MTB-TANba429 mice were surrounded by a layer of myoepithelial cells and these myoepithelial cells were lost in MTB-TAN mice with hyperplasia. Thus, we have shown for the first time that elevated expression of miR-200 family members in mammary epithelial cells can completely prevent mammary tumor development in Neu transgenic mice possibly through regulating myoepithelial cells.

Co-seismic landslide susceptibility mapping for the Luding earthquake area based on heterogeneous ensemble machine learning models

ABSTRACT Considering the complexity of landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) at the municipal-scale, it is difficult for the assumption space of a single machine learning (ML) algorithm to fully and accurately reflect the intrinsic correlation between the landslide influencing factors and the actual catastrophic events under all scenarios. This study addresses this by integrating three heterogeneous ensemble learning (HEL) algorithms(Bagging, Blending, and Stacking) with four ML models (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Backpropagation-Neural Network (BPNN)), to construct 27 HEL LSM models, and to realize optimization and selection of the models and algorithms through the comparative analysis of the results of the LSM and the accuracy of the prediction of the individual models. The final results indicate that the Bagging and Blending HEL algorithms fail to enhance model prediction accuracy effectively. In contrast, the Stacking HEL algorithm significantly improves model prediction accuracy (with an accuracy increase of over 1.4% and AUC values above 0.95). The Stacking (GBDT-XGBoost) model had the highest prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.964) and thus was selected as the optimal LSM model. This study's modeling and mapping results are intended to serve as a reference for geohazard prevention and sustainability studies in related cities.

Pregabalin Addiction: A Bibliometric Analysis

Objective: Bibliometric analyses allow determining the scientific research profile, revealing the current situation on the subject, and identifying new research areas. Pregabalin addiction is an addiction that has serious consequences for the individual, family and society. For this reason, taking photographs of studies related to this field can be a guide for researchers. In this regard, the aim of the research is to bibliometrically examine publications addressing the issue of pregabalin addiction.&#x0D; Method: The study was conducted in the Web of Science database. The keywords “pregabalin addiction” were used during the screening without any time limit. &#x0D; Results: 150 publications were reached. Their publication dates were between 2003 and 2023, the average age of publication was 4.83, and the annual increase rate was 5%. The most active country was the United States of America, and the journal with the highest number of publications was “Frontiers in Psychiatry.” In addition, “gabapentin, abuse” was the most frequently used, “opioid, drug abuse” were the motor, “withdrawal” was niche, and “pain, substance” were emerging or disappearing themes. Besides, “neuropathic pain” was a basic theme, and “benzodiazepine” showed consistent development. &#x0D; Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study addressing pregabalin addiction and provided a comprehensive overview of pregabalin addiction over 20 years. From the quantitative perspective, the mean age of the study and the annual growth rate were low, and the number of studies was limited. Qualitative data showed that research topics mostly clustered on pregabalin addiction, addiction potential, abuse and taking with other drugs, and demonstrated a need for studies in addiction prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Technology-Based Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review

Child abuse and neglect is a widespread social problem. The prevalence of this problem threatens the present and future of children. Although various prevention programs have been proposed in the literature as a solution to the problem of child abuse and neglect, recently, technological applications have been increasingly used in prevention and intervention studies for abuse and neglect. This study aims to review the current literature on technologically assisted programs for preventing child abuse and neglect. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to identify eligible studies. 22 evidence-based studies with pretest-posttest control were included in the review. The reviewed programs were structured to educate parents, children, and various professionals on appropriate parenting skills and child abuse and neglect. In the studies reviewed, web/internet-based applications were mostly used and effectiveness evaluation studies were mainly conducted on parents. With the exception of one study, the programs were found to be effective following interventions for abuse and neglect, and cognitive and behavioral improvements were noted in parents, children, and other professionals. As a result, it can be said that technology-based prevention programs are accepted practices for child abuse and neglect. To date, however, there is little data to support the use of such studies in preventive practices and strategies. More studies are needed to test the effectiveness of technological applications in preventing abuse among children and adolescents.

Developmental Bibliotherapy with Extremely Shy Children

Extremely shy children may find themselves somehow isolated from society and feel alone. This may cause them to experience different problems at home, at school and in the community. If this situation continues in the following years, the difficulties they experience in life will increase and the probability of their emergence as mental problems such as childhood loneliness, social anxiety disorders, depression and anxiety disorders that negatively affect their quality of life will increase. Thus, it is important to intervene in childhood shyness, social isolation, loneliness, and behavioral inhibition in order to eliminate possible problems that may be experienced in childhood and at the same time to prevent the continuation of the situation in adolescence and adulthood. Developmental bibliotherapy can be used in the context of both prevention and early intervention studies for shyness in early childhood with extremely shy children. In this context, the aim of this study is to provide an in-depth perspective on the concepts of extreme shyness and bibliotherapy, and to present an example of a developmental bibliotherapy session that can be experienced with extremely shy children who are between five to eight years old in early childood period and a sample book list that can be used in the sessions.."