Prevention Of Tuberculosis Transmission Research Articles

ROLE PLAY METHOD ON TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION BEHAVIOR IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia is the country with the second highest incidence of TB in the world, and the incidence of treatment interruption has increased after Covid-19. School-age children are at high risk of contracting TB from AFB-positive adults who experience ineffective treatment in the community. This study aims to determine the effect of the role play method on TB transmission prevention behavior in school-age children in Baturaja. This study is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design with a control group with a pretest and posttest type. The sample size in this study was 43 students in each intervention and control group. The intervention provided was education with the role play method for 5 training sessions with a therapist in the intervention group, and conventional education in the control group. Data collection using a questionnaire on TB transmission prevention behavior to school-age children. The results of the statistical test obtained a significant increase in the behavior of students in the intervention group with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). The results of the study showed a significant effect on the respondents' TB prevention behavior after the role play intervention was carried out. The results of this study are expected to be applied as an alternative method of nursing education for school-age children in improving behavior to prevent TB transmission in the community.

Effectiveness of Health Coaching through TB Cards on Prevention of Tuberculosis Transmission

Tuberculosis is the biggest infectious disease killer in the world and has long been faced by various countries, including Indonesia. Many TB prevention control programs have been implemented, but public compliance with preventing TB transmission is still low. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of health coaching through TB ​​cards in preventing TB transmission. Quasi-experimental quantitative research design pre-post-test with control group. Purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents in the control and treatment groups was 15 each. Data analysis to measure the significance of the average difference between the 2 groups used the non-parametric Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test. The results of statistical tests show that knowledge p value = 0.000, attitude p value = 0.000 and action p value = 0.000 (p < 0.005). Overall, the research shows that health education through TB ​​cards is effective in increasing TB prevention behavior in the community. Structured and easily accessible information via the TB Card helps the public understand TB transmission, symptoms and preventive measures. Health guidance through TB ​​cards also contributes to community empowerment.

Prevention of Tuberculosis Transmission Through Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in the Air

Prevention of Tuberculosis Transmission Through Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in the Air

Do pharmacists have roles in Tuberculosis? A Narrative Review

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is caused by bacteria called, “Mycobacterium tuberculosis”. It usually affects the lungs. Pharmacists can play an important role in facilitating optimal pathways to the care of tuberculosis. This narrative review aims to describe the multiple roles of different types of pharmacists in tuberculosis. It analyses the role of different types of pharmacists in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis. This narrative review is divided into four main sections: (1) the role of the pharmacist in tuberculosis in medication management; (2) the pharmacists’ role in tuberculosis patient support and education; (3) public health collaboration; and (4) role of the pharmacist in resource-limited settings. In the first section, the review presents the roles of pharmacists in medication management, such as dispensing, preventing drug-resistant TB, and promoting medication adherence. The second section describes counseling, and diagnosis, and refers to the role of pharmacists in tuberculosis patient support and education. The third section includes public health roles such as prevention of TB transmission and involvement in DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course). Finally, the role of pharmacists in resource-limited settings, such as, the role in low- and middle-income countries and other roles are described, along with strategies to strengthen the role of pharmacists in tuberculosis. Professional support, improved public sector patient care, and media campaigns would help strengthen the role of pharmacists in tuberculosis. In efforts to align with the WHO’s new End TB Strategy 2016–2035, health systems should consider utilizing hospital, clinical, industrial, community, and other types of pharmacists to assist in improving tuberculosis identification, diagnosis, and treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality.

Healthcare professionals perspectives on tuberculosis barriers in Portuguese prisons-a qualitative study.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, particularly within prison settings, where the confluence of adverse health factors and high-risk behaviors contribute to a heightened risk of transmission. This study delves into the perspectives of medical doctors, regarding the implementation of the 2014 TB protocol in Portugal. The study has a qualitative, descriptive design. Individual semi-structured interviews with medical doctors from TB outpatient centers in Porto and Lisbon were used for data collection. For the analysis thematic analysis method was used. The study population comprised 21 medical doctors with the majority being female (61.9%) and 57.1% specializing in pulmonology. The results indicate varied perceptions of the protocol's usefulness, with positive impacts on coordination reported by some participants. Improved communication and evolving collaboration between TB outpatient centers and prisons were highlighted, although challenges in contact tracing and resource constraints were acknowledged. The study also sheds light on the role of nurses in patient education. Despite overall positive perceptions, challenges such as sustaining therapy post-symptomatic improvement and delays in diagnostic methods were identified. The findings underscore the importance of continuous collaboration between prisons and TB control programs to address challenges, improve disease control and prevent TB transmission.

Relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis transmission in the family in Batusumur Village, Manonjaya Subdistrict Tasikmalaya Regency

Tuberculosis is the second infectious disease that causes the most deaths in the world according to WHO. Indonesia is a high TB burden country which currently ranks third in the world, with an incidence of 845.000 or 320/100.000 population with a mortality rate of 98.000 or 40/100.000 population and 3,6/100.000 TB-HIV population. The risk factor that can cause tuberculosis disease is malnutrition. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis transmission in the family. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis. The research design used cross sectional study. The research was conducted in December 2023 in Batusumur Village, Manonjaya District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The research sample was 39 respondents of tuberculosis patients. Inclusion criteria: patients actively communicate and are easy to talk to, patients live with family members and are still in the initial phase of treatment in the first 2 months. The independent variable was nutritional status. The dependent variable was the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in family members. The instrument was an observation sheet. Data were analyzed by chi square test using SPSS. This research applies the principles of confidentiality, useful information and scientific development. The results showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status (p=0,026) and the incidence of tuberculosis transmission in the family. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients and their families can make preventive efforts to prevent tuberculosis transmission.

Investigating socio-ecological factors influencing implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control in rural Papua New Guinea.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly transmissible infectious disease killing millions of people yearly, particularly in low-income countries. TB is most likely to be transmitted in healthcare settings with poor infection control practices. Implementing TB infection prevention and control (TB-IPC) is pivotal to preventing TB transmission in healthcare settings. This study investigated diverse stakeholders' perspectives relating to barriers and strategies for TB-IPC in rural hospitals in Papua New Guinea. Multiple qualitative case studies were conducted with 32 key stakeholders with experience in TB services. Data collection drew on three primary sources to triangulate data: semi-structured interviews, document reviews and field notes. The data were analyzed using hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis. Our results reveal that key stakeholders perceive multiple interdependent factors that affect TB-IPC practice. The key emerging themes include strategic planning for and prioritizing TB-IPC guidelines; governance, leadership and accountability at the provincial level; community attitudes towards TB control; institutional capacity to deliver TB care, healthcare workers' safety, and long-term partnership and integration of TB-IPC programmes into the broad IPC programme. The evidence suggests that a multi-perspective approach is crucial for TB-IPC guidelines in healthcare institutions. Interventions focusing on addressing health systems strengthening may improve the implementation of TB-IPC guidelines.

Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Tuberkulosis terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Penderita dalam Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis

This study aims to evaluate the effect of health education on increasing patient knowledge and attitudes to prevent tuberculosis transmission at the Nabire District Health Center, Nabire Regency. This research method uses a Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post design with case and control groups. The research showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in their knowledge (an average of 50.48 on the pre-test to 77.14 on the post-test). The control group also experienced a rise, although smaller (an average of 49.02 on the pre-test to an average of 50.40 on the post-test). Changes in the attitudes of respondents in both groups also occurred, with a significant increase in the experimental group (average of 47.72 in the pre-test to 72.70 in the post-test) and a minor increase in the control group (average of 47.96 in the pre-test to 51.60 on post-test). Based on the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that the P-value was 0.000, which means that there was an influence of health education about tuberculosis on increasing the knowledge and attitudes of sufferers in preventing the transmission of tuberculosis. In conclusion, the health education approach effectively increases patient knowledge and attitudes toward avoiding tuberculosis. These results indicate the need to integrate health education to control tuberculosis in the Nabire District Health Center and similar areas.
 Keywords: Health Education, Knowledge, Attitude, Tuberculosis

Peer group support and motivational interviewing interventions impact parents’ behavior in preventing tuberculosis among children

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) serves as a key indicator for assessing public health at the population level. The infection of children and toddlers with TB often stems from the lack of involvement by family members in adhering to proper hygiene practices aimed at preventing TB transmission.Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of peer group support and motivational interviewing on parental behaviors in preventing TB transmission among children residing in the same household as a TB patient. Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental design (pre-post test with a single group), this study involved 30 parents selected through accidental sampling. The independent variables included peer group support and motivational interviewing, while the dependent variable was parental behavior concerning TB prevention in children. Data collection utilized a questionnaire assessing parents’ behaviors in preventing TB in children, which was then analyzed using the paired t-test.Results: The implementation of peer group support and motivational interviewing significantly influenced the enhancement of parental behaviors in preventing TB in children (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Both peer group support and motivational interviewing demonstrated their efficacy in altering parental behavior to prevent TB in children residing with a TB patient. These interventions could be effectively incorporated by nurses to complement ongoing tuberculosis treatment therapies.

Sulam Project: Tuberculosis (TB) Health Education for Primary School Students as a community service collaboration between the Department of Biology FMIPA UNP and UPSI Malaysia

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that is a priority in both Indonesia and Malaysia. Since being designated by WHO at 1993 as a global public health threat, Tuberculosis (TB) has become one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. Recently, the number of Tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia has increased, especially paediatric TB cases. In addition, Tuberculosis (TB) cases also increased in Malaysia. For the West Sumatra region, the highest number of TB patients is in Padang City. Since Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that can affect anyone including children, the school environment as one of the places where children gather and interact has the opportunity to be a place for the spread of TB cases as well as having an important role in preventing TB transmission. However, in reality, the role of schools in early prevention efforts related to Tuberculosis (TB) disease in children, especially elementary school students, is still not optimal. In line with this, Tuberculosis (TB) disease is closely related to the human respiratory system which is one of the topics discussed in the human anatomy and physiology course in the MBKM activity between the Department of Biology FMIPA UNP and the Department of Biology UPSI. Therefore, it is necessary to make preventive efforts in the form of Tuberculosis prevention education. The results of community service are that several stages of community service activities have been carried out regarding Tuberculosis (TB) prevention education for elementary school students, namely the students involved are enthusiastic about the activities held, then pre-service biology teacher are also actively engaged in preparing and carrying out this activity and students' knowledge related to general knowledge, symptoms, their relationship with the respiratory system and prevention efforts are classified as good.

EDUKASI TUBERKULOSIS (TB) KEPADA KADER PEMBERDAYAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) KELURAHAN DUREN SAWIT

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycrobacterium Tuberculosis that enters the body through inhaling the droplets, such as saliva or phlegm as the media, containing pulmonary tuberculosis of the infected person. Based on the data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2020, East Jakarta is the location with the most TB patients in the entire Jakarta with a total of 12,334 patients. As the most populous administrative city in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, East Jakarta is resided by 28.76% or around 3.04 million people out of 10.56 million people residing in the entire province. The total population in 2019 in Duren Sawit District alone reached 399,595 people with a population density per square kilometer is of 17.64, that makes the area one of the districts with a high population density in the administrative area of East Jakarta. This is what motivated us to conduct TB education counseling to the Woman of Family Welfare Empowerment Program in Duren Sawit Village. Statistical tests show an increase of knowledge of the respondent after TB education was carried out. This increase in knowledge falls into the medium category. The highest increase occurred in the question number 10 related to the role of the family in preventing TB transmission.

Disentangling wildlife–cattle interactions in multi‐host tuberculosis scenarios: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Ecological interactions involving wildlife (wild mammals) and cattle Bos taurus are considered fundamental drivers of animal tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife–livestock interface. Despite recent insights about the role of direct and indirect interactions on TB dynamics, a mechanistic evaluation of studies addressing patterns of wildlife–cattle interaction at the global level is lacking, and the most likely factors explaining interaction rates under different epidemiological scenarios remain poorly understood. We began by reviewing the main criteria used to define a wildlife–cattle interaction relevant to Mycobacterium bovis transmission under different methodological approaches (camera‐trapping, proximity loggers and Global Positioning System collars). Secondly, we applied a generic framework to estimate and characterise interaction patterns between susceptible wildlife and cattle hosts worldwide, testing the effect of potential ecological and methodological factors on interaction rates. We synthesise two main criteria to define direct interactions and five criteria to define indirect interactions between wildlife and cattle. Using data from 31 studies, our meta‐analysis showed that wildlife–cattle direct interaction rates were low (mean = 0.03 interactions/month per species pair, range: 0.00–0.12). In contrast, indirect interaction rates were 154 times higher than the mean of direct interaction rates (mean = 4.63 interactions/month per species pair, range: 0.16–30.00). To prevent TB transmission to cattle, attention should be given to indirect interactions between wildlife and cattle in shared environments. Indirect interactions significantly increase with increasing wildlife density, which, hypothetically, could result in a higher TB transmission risk for cattle. We outline recommendations to achieve harmonised integration and comparison of results in future studies. Consolidation of knowledge in this field will contribute towards guiding control and biosecurity measures, also applicable to other infectious diseases at the wildlife, domestic species and human interfaces.

Relationship between family support and tuberculosis transmission prevention behavior

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the disease-causing agent in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). One of the infectious diseases that still pose a threat to public health is pulmonary tuberculosis. Support from the family will lead to better TB transmission prevention practices. In the working environment of the Sidotopo Wetan Public Health Center in Surabaya City, this study was undertaken to examine the link between family support and the behavior of avoiding the spread of tuberculosis. Methods: TB patients in the working area of the Sidotopo Wetan Health Center were the subject of a correlational and cross-sectional study with up to 65 respondents using simple random sampling, with the criteria for respondents being TB patients in the Sidotopo Wetan Health Center area in 2021 and undergoing treatment until May 2022. The research tool is a closed questionnaire that has undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis was tested by the spearman correlation test (α = 0.05). Results: Our analysis showed that family support influenced the behavior of preventing TB transmission by 99.1%. Based on statistical tests, it can be seen that the p-value <0.001 is smaller than the alpha (0.05). Conclusion: In the working environment of the Sidotopo Wetan Public Health Center, Surabaya City, there is a substantial correlation between family support and the behavior of avoiding TB transmission, according to this study.

Systematic contact investigation: An essential infection prevention skill to prevent tuberculosis transmission in healthcare settings

A systematic approach to contact investigations has long been a cornerstone of interrupting the transmission of tuberculosis in community settings. This paper describes the implementation of a systematic 10-step contact investigation within an acute care setting during a multistate outbreak of healthcare-associated tuberculosis. A systematic approach to contact investigations might have applicability to the prevention of other communicable infections within healthcare settings.

Implementation of the Family Health Promotion Model (FHPM) on Family Commitment in TB Transmission Preventive Action among the Heads of Familiesof TB Patients: A Structural Model

Tuberculosis (TB) transmission prevention centering on family is an effective strategy to suppress the emergence of new clusters of pulmonary TB transmission. The commitment of family heads and several factors are related to this action. This study was conducted to identify, examine, and analyze the determinants of family commitment in preventing the transmission of pulmonary TB. This study applied a quantitative cross-sectional approach to 170 family heads of pulmonary TB patients using proportionate simple random sampling. The family health promotion model (FHPM) was used to analyze family commitment determinants in preventing TB transmission. Data were collected using a questionnaire. SEM analysis was utilized to determine the paths and the relationship between family function, perception of the disease transmission risk, as well as family support, and commitment to action to prevent TB transmission. This study recorded that 50.6% of respondents were male with an average age of 46.75 ± 46 and an age range of 36-55 years, 53% had a high school education; 25.9% were self-employed; had an average decent living need of 1.93 ± 0.85, 75.3% had nuclear family, and 47.1% were from patriarchal family. Model fit was achieved in the structural equation (Chi-square (χ2) = 173.44; df = 71, RMSEA = 0.072≤ 0.08; GFI = 0.90≥ 0.90; RMR = 0.019≤ 0.05; NFI = 0.98≥ 0.90; CFI = 0.99≥ 0.90; TLI = 0.98≥ 0.95; IFI = 0.99≥ 0.90; PGFI = 0.59; PNFI = 0,76). All dimensions and item scales are significantly related to their respective latent constructs. All factors forming the FHPM framework have a significant positive direct effect between latent variables. Factors from the FHPM framework significantly (family function t = 8.74, perception t = 4.46, and family support t = 7.37) have an influence on commitment to action to prevent pulmonary TB transmission. Family function is the most powerful factor explaining commitment to preventive action. This study reveals the paths and influences of family function, perception, and support on a commitment to prevent pulmonary TB transmission through structural model analysis.

Edukasi Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis di Desa Borisallo

Tuberculosis (TB) is a hypersensitive infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The bacteria infects the lungs (pulmonary TB), but can also infect other parts of the body (extrapulmonary TB). About 5-10% of the 1.7 billion people infected with TB will develop TB disease in their lifetime. The level of knowledge that is lacking will have an impact on increasing TB transmission and delaying the healing period or not maximizing TB treatment. Another impact of the lack of knowledge about TB is that it can lead to non-adherence during treatment. So that the success of TB treatment is largely determined by the high level of patient knowledge. This is a problem for partners, so it is important to provide counseling regarding the prevention of TB transmission. The service method is lecture/counseling, accompanied by simulations and questions and answers. This community service was held in January in Borisallo Village, Parangloe District, Gowa Regency, to be precise in the courtyard area of the Borisallo village office. The expected results are in accordance with the plan where participants are able to understand how to prevent transmission of TB disease and are enthusiastic during the counseling process.

Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Pencarian Pelayanan Kesehatan Orang Tua yang Memiliki Anak dengan TB pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Tegal

Situation of handling COVID-19 has an impact on child Tuberculosis (TB) services. Children are a vulnerable group for contracting Tuberculosis disease. Poor health care seeking behavior can lead to delays in Tuberculosis treatment in children. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The criteria are the population of parents who have children with Tuberculosis, are recorded in medical records for 2020-2022, are currently or have been taking Tuberculosis treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and live in Tegal Regency. The sampling technique is total sampling with 77 respondents. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis. The results showed that half of the respondents had good knowledge, the attitude of parents about the seriousness of Tuberculosis children, some respondents chose to be very serious, some others had reactions of fear, surprise, feeling sad and hopeless, respondents preferred to consult doctors and other health workers. Most the respondents denied that Tuberculosis consultation is quite expensive. The most the respondents prefer chose go to the health service immediately when child had symptoms of Tuberculosis, the other half did not go to the health service because of medical expensive. Health workers need to provide health education related to Tuberculosis and pressure for early detection so that Tuberculosis in children is treated immediately, bearing in mind that prevention of Tuberculosis transmission is still not good.

DETERMINANT FACTORS TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION PREVENTION BEHAVIOR AMONG CHILDREN AT KOTABUMI II COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, NORTH LAMPUNG, INDONESIA

Tuberculosis is one of the causes of death. One of the reasons for that is people’s behavior that does not prevent Tuberculosis transmission. A source of TB transmission in children is adult TB with positive Acid Fast Bacilli test. The behavior of preventing pulmonary TB transmission to children is influenced by predisposing, enabling and reinforcement factors. To prevent the occurrence of transmission is to cut the transmission of these factors off. The purpose was to determine the factors with the behavior of pulmonary TB transmission to children. This study uses an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. The population is pulmonary TB patients who are married and live with their children, total population. There are 38 respondents which their data are analyzed by unvaried, bivariable and multivariable. In order to complete the data we do a qualitative method by doing deep interviews with 5 health officers, they are head of the community health center, officer of health promotion, surveillance, sanitarian and pulmonary TB program. Factors related to the behavior of preventing the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis to children are socioeconomic and room ventilation. Education, access to health services, and residential density are factors that are not related to the behavior of preventing the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis to children. The results of statistical tests show that socioeconomic factor is the most determining factor for the behavior of preventing pulmonary tuberculosis transmission to children. The research implies that seminars, workshops and training for health officers to improve their capacities are needed to help patients dan their families understand the importance of preventing the transmission of tuberculosis to their children

Transmissibility of tuberculosis among students and non-students: an occupational-specific mathematical modelling

BackgroundRecently, despite the steady decline in the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic globally, school TB outbreaks have been frequently reported in China. This study aimed to quantify the transmissibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among students and non-students using a mathematical model to determine characteristics of TB transmission.MethodsWe constructed a dataset of reported TB cases from four regions (Jilin Province, Xiamen City, Chuxiong Prefecture, and Wuhan City) in China from 2005 to 2019. We classified the population and the reported cases under student and non-student groups, and developed two mathematical models [nonseasonal model (Model A) and seasonal model (Model B)] based on the natural history and transmission features of TB. The effective reproduction number (Reff) of TB between groups were calculated using the collected data.ResultsDuring the study period, data on 456,423 TB cases were collected from four regions: students accounted for 6.1% of cases. The goodness-of-fit analysis showed that Model A had a better fitting effect (P < 0.001). The average Reff of TB estimated from Model A was 1.68 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.20–1.96] in Chuxiong Prefecture, 1.67 (IQR: 1.40–1.93) in Xiamen City, 1.75 (IQR: 1.37–2.02) in Jilin Province, and 1.79 (IQR: 1.56–2.02) in Wuhan City. The average Reff of TB in the non-student population was 23.30 times (1.65/0.07) higher than that in the student population.ConclusionsThe transmissibility of MTB remains high in the non-student population of the areas studied, which is still dominant in the spread of TB. TB transmissibility from the non-student-to-student-population had a strong influence on students. Specific interventions, such as TB screening, should be applied rigorously to control and to prevent TB transmission among students.Graphical

Correlation Between Demographic Factors and Tuberculosis Prevention: A Literature Review

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of ill health in the world. The population infected by pulmonary TB worldwide estimated one-third of the population. TB is transmitted by droplets produced by infected source. The main goal of TB prevention is to prevent TB transmission other than curative purposes. The preventive behavior of pulmonary TB can be affected by several factors. This article aims to review previous studies discussing the correlation of age and gender with the prevention of pulmonary TB.