Prevention Of Traumatic Injuries Research Articles

Novo dispositivo intraoral para prevenção de lesões bucais em pacientes intubados

Oral injuries in patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) are recurrent, especially during endotracheal intubation, as the presence of the tube added to the teeth in the oral cavity can cause injuries to the tongue and other soft tissues. Ideally, tube stabilization devices should be easy to handle by the hospital staff, should always be available for use in ICUs, in addition to being low cost. The aim of this study was to develop a device for endotracheal tube stabilization and injury prevention in patients. 3D technical drawings were prepared, and the final version of the device was prototyped in polylactic acid and positioned in the patient. When compared to mouthguards described in the literature, it was found that the developed device provided stability for the tube, provided separation of the teeth from the adjacent soft tissues, and prevented the intubated patient from biting the tube, thus contributing to the prevention of traumatic injuries. It was concluded that the device has characteristics that allow stabilization of the endotracheal tube and the prevention of oral lesions in ICU patients, and can be used by hospital nursing staff.

Age and reason of first visit among children seen at the paediatric dental unit of the Lagos state university teaching hospital

Background: A child’s first dental visit gives parents an opportunity to get guidance regarding their child’s oral hygiene, dietary practices, oral habits and prevention of traumatic injuries and oral diseases. It also provides an opportunity for parents to address their concerns and questions regarding their child’s oral care. Aim: To determine the age and the purpose of first visit among children seen at the paediatric dental clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This is a retrospective study where the dental records of children between the age of 0 and 16 years were reviewed from January 2018 till May 2022. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software (version 23.0; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous data are presented as means with standard deviation, whereas categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistics and Chi‑square analysis were conducted, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Four hundred and ten children were seen, during the period under review. There were 199 (48.5%) males and 211 (51.5%) females. The major reason for presentation was dental caries (47.1%). Majority (31.5%) of those who presented during this period were aged 7 – 9 years. Children with special health care needs constituted about 2% of the population. Conclusion: Dental clinic presentations in our environment are more associated with curative rather than preventive visits. More females were seen at the dental clinic compared to males. The main reason for presentation at the dental clinic was dental caries.

Oral care and photobiomodulation protocol for the prevention of traumatic injuries and lip necrosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19: an observational study.

It is well reported that severe cases of COVID-19 frequently need critical care in the ICU to manage respiratory complications, often requiring orotracheal intubation (OTI). Due to complex systemic conditions, the patient may remain intubated for a long period of time and be placed in prone position. This positioning and the pressure of the intubation device on the lips may lead to the development of traumatic injuries. Oral care and the use of photobiomodulation (PBM) can be successfully implemented to promote oral mucosa healing and prevent soft tissue necrosis. We describe the outcomes of the management protocol that was routinely used by the ICU oral medicine team, leading to the implementation of a preventive protocol for the OTI-related oral injuries. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 472 patients with COVID-19 in the ICU from May 2020 to February 2021. 60/472 patients developed traumatic injuries and were managed with the oral care protocol and PBM, to prevent the progress to lip necrosis. When appropriated, in addition to oral care and PBM, other measures were taken to prevent further local trauma (lip hydration, changes in tube fixation). The proposed oral care protocol associated with PBM successfully prevented the progress of traumatic lesions, ulceration, necrosis, and loss of tissue associated with IOT. The quality of life of patients in the ICU and after their recovery was preserved.

Injury Prevention, Safety Education and Violence in Relation to the Risk of Tooth Fracture among Korean Adolescents

This study aimed to determine the injury prevention-, safety education-, and violence-related factors pertaining to tooth fracture experience (TFE) in Korean adolescents. We used data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS) in 2018. The 60,040 participants were selected using a complex sampling design from middle and high schools. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. The explanatory variables, including school safety education and violence, were assessed in relation to prevention of traumatic injuries. Complex-samples multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explain the factors related to TFE over the past 12 months. The overall prevalence of TFE was 11.4%. Risk factors related to tooth fractures were not wearing a seatbelt on an express bus, not wearing helmets while riding motorcycles and bicycles, clinical treatment due to injuries at school, injuries associated with earphone/smartphones use, and lack of school safety education such as danger evacuation training. The top risk factor was injuries associated with earphone/smartphone usage, followed by lack of familiarity with school safety education. Thus, to prevent tooth fractures among adolescents, schools should strengthen their safety education, including education regarding mobile device usage, and wearing a seatbelt and wearing a helmet. Care should be taken to manage facilities around the school and to prevent injury related to tooth fracture. Further studies on various risk factors related to tooth fractures are warranted.

A study of sports related occurrence of traumatic orodental injuries and associated risk factors in high school students in north India.

Background:Oral and dental injuries contribute to a major part of sports related injuries in children. Trauma occurring in developing years disrupts normal social functioning and brings about a major impact on quality of life due to their cumulative effect.Objectives:To assess the prevalence and causes of various sports related traumatic orodental injuries among 8 to 16 year school students along with identifying the associated risk factors in North India.Patients and Methods:A cross sectional study consisting of high school students of different organized sports teams aged 8-16 years was carried out in geographical area of north India. The students were selected by multistage cluster sampling methodology. 1105 students from 19 school teams (sports teams) and sports academies participated in study through structured interview and clinical examination in different sports situations.Results:30.3% (n = 335) of students suffered from orodental injuries. A higher number of girls had injury (32%) than boys (29%), though the difference was not significant. Most of the students suffered from soft tissue injuries (48%) followed by tooth fractures (43%). Maximum numbers of injuries were reported in high velocity (44.1%) and medium intensity sports (46.6%) (P < 0.001) Maximum injuries occurred in basketball (50%) and lowest in the field of badminton (6.1%) (P < 0.05). Amateurs (52%) suffered the most from injuries as per level of coaching. Only 6% of boys and 2% of girls used mouthguards.Conclusions:The result of the present study confirmed that students participating in different organized sports at high school level are at a very high risk of getting orodental injury. Hence knowledge and education regarding prevention of traumatic injuries is of paramount importance.

Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey

To investigate the frequency of dental injuries in paediatric handball players. In addition, the players' habits with regard to mouthguard usage, as well as their general knowledge of the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) were investigated. Data were collected by structured one-to-one interviews with children of 14 randomly selected handball teams in the amateur national league. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The age, gender, trauma experience and league status of each interviewee was recorded. The interviews took place mainly at national championships or tournaments. A total of 212 individuals, 74 girls and 138 boys, were interviewed. Forty-one of the 212 participants (19.3%) had sustained a dental injury. The mean age of participants was 12±1.6years. Concussion was the most frequent finding and the cause of injury was a blow from another player. The number of individuals that were aware of mouthguards was only 15.6% and surprisingly no players used mouthguards. The results show that handball players need more knowledge and education considering the prevention of TDIs from their sports clubs and dentists. The importance of adequate facial protection in contact sports should be endorsed by all sports clubs, and parents advised accordingly.

Correlation between Dental Traumatic Injuries and Overjet among 11 to 17 years Indian Girls with Angle's Class I Molar Relation

The present study was conducted to assess the correlation of traumatic dental injuries and overjet among school going girls of age 11 to 17 years in Pune, India. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 2045 school girls aged 11 to 17 years, attending public elementary schools in Pune, India. The traumatic dental injuries were assessed according to Ellis and Davey’s criteria. Occlusion was recorded according to Angle´s classification and overjet was measured using a WHO 621 probe. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney test. There was a significant (Z -2.785) association between increase in overjet and occurrence of trauma. Children with increased overjet were 3.09 times more likely to have dental injuries. It can be concluded from the present study that a significant correlation exists between amount of overjet and prevalence of traumatic injuries among children. The percentage of trauma prevalence increases with the increase of overjet. Traumatic dental injury is not a result of disease but a consequence of several factors that will accumulate throughout life if not properly treated. One of the most important factors significantly contributing to traumatic dental injuries is the anterior overjet. Hence, correction of increased anterior overjet may help in prevention of traumatic injuries.

Analysis of Reporting Pattern in Children Aged 7 to 14 Years with Traumatic Injuries to Permanent Teeth.

AimTo analyze the pattern of traumatic injuries to permanent anterior teeth reporting to the dental department with regards to age, gender, cause, proportion of different types of injury and time of reporting.Materials and MethodsChildren aged 7 to 14 years with trauma or related sequelae were included. The data was collected retrospectively on the basis of case history, clinical findings, radiographs and vitality tests. Ellis’ classification was used to record injuries to anterior teeth.ResultsBoys had more injuries with the highest injuries at 12 years. Various causes of trauma included Falls, RTA, hits by object/person and bicycle related. The most common injury reported were cases of Ellis’ class IV (50.7%) and the maxillary central incisors being the teeth most frequently involved (75%). The time lapsed after injury was more than 1 year in 42.8% cases and 62% cases reported with complications.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a large number of cases reported in the age group 10 to 13 years with Class IV Ellis’ fracture largely when symptoms appear. Reporting was delayed by more than a year in several cases, the barriers for which need to be analyzed, to develop strategies regarding prevention of traumatic injuries and their consequences.

Traumatic tooth injuries to primary teeth of children aged 0–3 years

The purpose of this study was to analyze data according to gender, age, cause, number of traumatized teeth, type of tooth and trauma, from the records of traumatized children (0-3 years) referred to the Ondokuz Mayis University, Dental Faculty, Department of Pedodontics in middle Black Sea region of Turkey. A total of 563 boys and girls participated in the study. Traumatic dental injuries were recorded using the classification of the World Health Organization modified slightly by Andreasen & Andreasen. Traumatic dental injuries were identified in 17.4% of the children. The largest percentage of injuries were in the 13-18 months old children with no significant gender differences (P > 0.05). Periodontal tissue injuries were the most common (84.7%) with no statistical difference between different ages or gender (P > 0.05). The main etiological factor of traumatic dental injury was falls (73.5%) and it was not different between age and gender (P > 0.05). The maxillary central incisors were involved in a higher percentage of traumatic injuries (98%), with no differences between the right and the left sides (P > 0.05). Treatment was sought for 37.4% of children within 1-7 days. It is suggested that parents should be informed about prevention of traumatic injuries and to contact a dentist immediately.

Dental trauma: an overview of its influence on the management of orthodontic treatment. Part 1

This is the first of two papers discussing the implications of dental trauma for patients requiring orthodontic treatment. This paper will focus on the factors the orthodontic specialist should consider when contemplating movement of traumatized teeth. The prevalence of dental trauma and the recognition and prevention of traumatic injuries are discussed. The evidence available in the literature relating to orthodontic tooth movement in vital and endodontically treated traumatized teeth is explored. The interdisciplinary management of root fractured and intruded teeth receive special attention. The second paper will look at the role of the specialist team in the management of failing anterior teeth and will outline possible treatment options for children and adolescents encountering such situations. Avulsion injuries and tooth transplantation are considered in particular detail.

Traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian preschool children.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of traumatic injuries to primary anterior teeth in children from zero to 6 years old, all attendees in 28 public nursery schools in Canoas (Brazil). A total of 1545 boys and girls participated in the study. The children were clinically examined for signs of trauma according to Andreasen's classification. Traumatic injuries were identified in 35.5% of children. The largest percentage of injuries was demonstrated by 3-4-year-old child, with no significant difference between boys and girls. The maxillary central incisor was the most vulnerable to injury, without differences between the right and the left side. Single tooth injury was predominant in all age groups. Crown fractures represented 83% of all traumatic injuries. Our findings emphasize the importance of encouraging parents to visit the dentist with their child at an early stage. Furthermore, parents and educators should be advised about prevention of traumatic injuries and actions to be taken in case of an accident.

Traumatic injuries caused by hazing practices

Hazing is defined as committing acts against an individual or forcing an individual into committing an act that creates a risk for harm in order for the individual to be initiated into or affiliated with an organization. Hazing is an enduring activity with roots that date back to the ancient and medieval eras. It has become increasingly prevalent in fraternities and sororities, high school and college athletic organizations, the military, professional sports teams, and street gangs. Scant information is available in the medical literature regarding hazing. This article reviews the history of hazing, provides statistics regarding its prevalence, presents information on specific hazing practices and consequent traumatic injuries, and assesses alcohol's influence on hazing. It also offers recommendations on how to recognize victims of hazing in the Emergency Department and proposes guidelines for their treatment. Current legislation and information on the prevention of traumatic injuries from hazing are discussed. (Am J Emerg Med 2002;20:228-233. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.)