Prevention Of Sickness Research Articles

Multiple effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus subtilis on the growth, immunity, and metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Probiotics play an essential role in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) aquaculture sector. They aid the fish in sickness prevention, intestinal structure improvement, food absorption, and immune system strengthening. In this experiment, Bacillus subtilis (BS, 107 CFU/g) and Lactobacillus reuteri (LR, 107 CFU/g) were added to the feed and then fed to M. salmoides for 35 days. The effects of two probiotics on the growth, immunity, and metabolism of M. salmoides organisms were studied. The results revealed that the BS group significantly increased the growth rate and specific growth rate of M. salmoides, while both the BS and LR groups significantly increase the length of villi M. salmoides intestines. The BS group significantly increased the levels of AKP, T-AOC, and CAT in the blood of M. salmoides, as well as AKP levels in the intestine. Furthermore, the BS group significantly increased the expression of intestinal genes Nrf2, SOD1, GPX, and CAT, while significantly decreasing the expression of the keap1 gene. M. salmoides gut microbial analysis showed that the abundance of Planctomycetota was significantly different in both control and experimental groups. Analyzed at the genus level, the abundance of Citrobacter, Paracoccus, Luedemannella， Sphingomonas, Streptomyces and Xanthomonas in the both control and experimental groups were significantly different. The BS group's differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation pathways in the intestine, indicating that they had a good influence on intestinal metabolism and inflammation suppression. In contrast, differentially expressed genes in the LR group were primarily enriched in the insulin signaling and linoleic acid metabolism pathways, indicating improved intestine metabolic performance. In conclusion, B. subtilis and L. reuteri improve the growth and health of M. salmoides, indicating tremendous potential for enhancing intestinal metabolism and providing significant application value.

Investigation of medication reviews and the identification of adverse drug reactions using machine learning algorithms

The social networks for medicine allow users to share reviews on the drugs they have used. The medical and pharmaceutical industries can be guided by the arrangement of patient reviews of medications into ratings, whether good or unfavourable and the identification of the medications that cause an (Adverse Drug Reaction) ADR to better understand the patient's discomfort or satisfaction with particular medications. Unexpected pharmacological reactions from patient to patient can be caused by side effects. Pharmaceutical firms that produce the pharmaceuticals that are recommended for the prevention and treatment of sickness, however, occasionally cause negative lateral effects and lateral-effects that result in the demise of people who take the drugs. Pharmaceutical companies disclose the majority of side effects constructed on experimental tribunals, just one, which a small number are recognized. For better pharmacological side-effect prediction, feature sets are examined. When comparing Side-effects, machine learning (ML) techniques are utilized to determine which classifier has the highest level of accuracy. The goal of this study is to forecast how adenosine receptor-interacting medicines and therapeutic candidates would behave. In order to shape a machine learning prototypical, we used four distinct categorization methods: Naive Bayes(NB), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We then associated the findings and selected the one that produced the best results. In contrast to prior studies, we trained our model to distinguish between medications that interact with adenosine receptors and those that do not by using the drug side effect integrated into the drug fingerprint as a feature. In order to determine which medicine is most desired (and has the fewest side effects) among numerous, we rated the pharmaceuticals that interact with adenosine receptors depending on adverse effects. This aids in drug development. Drug side effects are typically not included in existing datasets, which focus instead on medicines, targets, and their interactions. For better pharmacological side-effect prediction, feature sets are examined. A comparative examination of Side-effects is conducted using machine learning (ML) techniques in order to determine which classifier has the highest level of accuracy. Using machine learning procedures and natural language processing techniques, this research proposes a model to forecast drug side effects based on review analyses.

Genetic diversity, clinical uses, and phytochemical and pharmacological properties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): an important medicinal plant.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a member of the Asteraceae family, is widely used in traditional herbal medicine. This review summarized agronomic conditions, genetic diversity, clinical application, and phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of safflower. The genetic diversity of the plant is rich. Abundant in secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, polyacetylene, and other bioactive components, the medicinal plant is effective for treating cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and respiratory diseases. Especially, Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) has a variety of pharmacological effects. In terms of treatment and prevention of some space sickness in space travel, safflower could be a potential therapeutic agent. Further studies are still required to support the development of safflower in medicine. Our review indicates that safflower is an important medicinal plant and research prospects regarding safflower are very broad and worthy of further investigation.

Analisis Pengetahuan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada Anak Usia Sekolah di SMP 1 Methodist Kutalimbaru Tahun 2024

Prevention of sickness, establishment of a healthy, disease-free environment, and enhancement of physical health are the goals of a clean and healthy living (PHBS) initiative in the school setting, which is a collaborative effort between students and teachers. Schools may play a crucial role in educating the public about the significance of living a healthy, clean lifestyle. The health of kids may be greatly improved by doing simple things like using soap to wash hands and eating nutritious food from the school cafeteria. In order to have a better idea of what elementary school-aged kids know about PHBS, or clean and healthy living behaviors, this study is collecting data. This study used a descriptive quantitative research strategy. Researchers at Kutalimbaru 1 Methodist Middle School in Deli Serdang Regency administered a questionnaire to students in the fall of 2023 to gauge their level of familiarity with the concept of clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS). Thirty participants were surveyed for this research, with ten participants drawn from each of the three grade levels (Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth). According to the interview results, most students at SMP 1 Methodist Kutalimbaru have a good understanding of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS). However, when it comes to actually practicing what they've learned, there are some big gaps. For example, 18 out of 30 students still don't wash their hands before and after eating, and 22 out of 30 students still don't eat hygienic food, which can lead to infectious diseases like diarrhea. In order to implement PHBS in school-aged children, support from parents, teachers, and school facilities is necessary. Keywords: Knowledge, Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, School Age Children

Physical training in the prevention of sea sickness

Abstract Disorders related to labyrinth irritation (kinetosis) constitute a significant problem in sea travel, especially in sea service. A team of military researchers conducted research on a very large group (over 200 people) regarding the possibility of preventing seasickness through physical training. An original set of exercises was developed and performed by the study group. Then, the sensitivity of the test group and the control group to rocking was checked in laboratory and real conditions (sea cruise). The method has been shown to be over 50% effective in preventing and alleviating the symptoms of seasickness. The use of selected physical exercises may be an effective training against the risk of kinetosis.

Liquid respiratory desaturation. The first experience of application on large biological objects

Introduction. This article is a continuation of the publication of the experimental studies results of prevention of acute decompression sickness (aDCS) in laboratory animals by the method of liquid respiratory desaturation (LRDS). LRDS is a method of preventing decompression disorders by the excretion of metabolically indifferent gases (in particular nitrogen) from the body during spontaneous respiration with liquid or artificial liquid lung ventilation (ALLV), by dissolved gas concentration gradient "from tissues to respiratory fluid". The method allows to provide rapid desaturation of the body from metabolically indifferent gases in the process of liquid respiration before and/or during decompression, thereby creating conditions for application of ultra-fast decompression profiles without the risk of decompression disorders.
 The aim of the study was to confirm the possibility of LRDS being a method of DCS prevention on large laboratory animals (minipigs).
 Materials and methods. The studies were performed on Wiessenau minipigs (n=8) — male and female, aged 4–5.5 months and weighing 7.1–11.2 kg. Animals of the control (n=4) and experimental (n=4) groups were subjected by compression by keeping in an air environment under high pressure (absolute 0.5 MPa for 60 minutes) to saturate tissues with indifferent gas (nitrogen). After compression experimental group was exposed to 30-minute ALLV with a liquid (perfluorodecalin) saturated with an oxygen under normobaric conditions. Air environment pressure during procedure of artificial lung ventilation was kept at 0.5 MPa. Decompression of the control and experimental groups was carried out in non-stop manner for 80 and 40 seconds respectively. The investigation of severity of clinical manifestations of DCS (changes in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters) including ultrasonic examination of gas bubbles in the heart and large vessels of the liver and as well as survival of animals in groups and pathoanatomical changes was performed.
 Results of the study. Clinical manifestations, ultrasonic scanning of the heart and venous vessels of the liver, as well as morphological examination data indicated the development of severe acute post-decompression disorders (PDD) in animals of the control group, which caused deaths in 100% of cases. Meanwhile all animals in experimental group survived and their state was stable. According to ultrasonic examination, the presence of small number of gas bubbles in the right-side heart chambers and liver's venous vessels being noted, but they disappeared after several hours. Deviations of the respiration's parameters function from background values (shortness of breath of a mixed type with the participation of auxiliary muscles, etc.) observed from the 2nd to the 4th day after ALLV, as well as compensatory reactions from the cardiovascular system (heart rate variability and instability of hemodynamic parameters) were caused by ALLV.
 Conclusions. Compressed air exposure 0.5 MPa for 60 minutes followed by 80 seconds of non-stop decompression allows to provoke the severe acute PDD minipigs model, manifested by pronounced intravascular gas formation, the development of acute respiratory and cardiovascular insufficiency causing the development of adverse outcomes.
 The ultrasound method of visual assessment of intravascular gas formation severity, adapted for minipigs, together with the dynamics of changes in the indicators of respiratory and cardiovascular systems makes possible to assess not only state of animal under anesthesia, but also the effectiveness of PDD prevention measures.
 The usage of ALLV with PFC liquid completely saturated with 100% oxygen under normobaric conditions makes possible partial removal of indifferent gas (nitrogen) dissolved in tissues of experimental animals during exposition in a compressed air environment before decompression and thereby carry out the prevention of DCS by LRDS method. It makes possible to implement successfully ultra-fast decompression profiles, incompatible with life in the control group.
 The state of animals from experimental group after LRDS is characterized by lung impairment caused by ALLV in hyperbaric conditions accompanied by temporary changes of external respiration function and compensatory reactions of cardiovascular system, observed during first 4 days.
 Ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Clinical Study Protocol was approved by local Ethics Committee of The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health».

A novel method for tracking nitrogen kinetics in vivo under hyperbaric conditions using radioactive nitrogen-13 gas and positron emission tomography.

Decompression sickness (DCS) is caused by gaseous nitrogen dissolved in tissues forming bubbles during decompression. To date, no method exists to identify nitrogen within tissues, but with advances in positron-emission tomography (PET) technology, it may be possible to track gaseous radionuclides into tissues. We aimed to develop a method to track nitrogen movement in vivo and under hyperbaric pressure that could then be used to further our understanding of DCS using nitrogen-13 (13N2). A single anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rat was exposed to 625 kPa, composed of air, isoflurane, and 13N2 for 10 min. The PET scanner recorded 13N2 during the hyperbaric exposure with energy windows of 250-750 keV. The PET showed an increase in 13N2 concentration in the lung, heart, and abdominal regions, which all reached a plateau after ∼4 min. This showed that it is possible to gain noninvasive in vivo measurements of nitrogen kinetics through the body while at hyperbaric pressures. Tissue samples showed radioactivity above background levels in the blood, brain, liver, femur, and thigh muscle when assessed using a γ counter. The method can be used to evaluate an array of challenges to our understanding of decompression physiology by quantifying nitrogen load through γ counts of 13N2, and signal intensity of the PET. Further development of the method will improve the specificity of the measured outcomes, and enable it to be used with larger mammals, including humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article describes a method for the in vivo quantification and tracking of nitrogen through the mammalian body whilst exposed to hyperbaric pressure. The method has the potential to further our understanding of decompression sickness, and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of both the treatment and prevention of decompression sickness.

Cyclizine induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in macrophages through the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.

Cyclizine, an over-the-counter and prescription antihistamine, finds widespread application in the prevention and treatment of motion sickness, encompassing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, along with its effectiveness in managing vertigo. However, the overuse or misuse of cyclizine may lead to hallucinations, confusion, tachycardia, and hypertension. The molecular mechanisms underlying cyclizine-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis remain unclear. During the 24 h incubation duration, RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of cyclizine. Cytotoxicity was assessed through the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Flow cytometry employing annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide was utilized to evaluate apoptosis and necrosis. Caspase activity and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated through a fluorogenic substrate assay and JC-1 dye, respectively. Flow cytometry employing fluorogenic antibodies was utilized to evaluate the release of cytochrome c and expression of death receptor, including tumor necrosis factor-α receptor and Fas receptor. Western blotting was utilized to evaluate the expression of the Bcl2 and Bad apoptotic regulatory proteins. The findings unveiled from the present study demonstrated that cyclizine exerted a concentration-dependent effect on RAW264.7 macrophages, leading to the induction of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis. This compound further activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, Bcl2/Bad exchange expression, cytochrome c liberation, and activation of caspases contained caspase 3, 8, and 9. Moreover, the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway was observed as cyclizine induced the upregulation of death receptors and increased caspase activities. Based on our investigations, it can be inferred that cyclizine prompts cytotoxicity and apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.

Examination of novel diagnostic approaches and contemporary strategies for preventing acute mountain sickness

Introduction and purpose: Acute mountain sickness is caused by hypoxia, of which the brain is the most sensitive. The frequency of occurrence at altitudes above 2500 m above sea level may reach up to 75% of travelers. Prevention of altitude sickness mainly concerns the travel plan and pharmacology. Our study aimed to assess the current literature on altitude sickness, and discuss the possible pathophysiology, epidemiology, and symptoms. Moreover, we underline new guidelines for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of altitude sickness in the context of the last guidelines and research. We conducted a PubMed literature review using keywords like "mountaineering sickness" and "altitude sickness". All article types were taken into account: clinical trial, meta-analysis, case report, case series, systematic review, randomized controlled trial, observational study, clinical study, books, and documents in the last 5 years.A brief description of the state of knowledge: In recent years, there has been a surge in the accessibility and popularity of high-altitude tourism, emphasizing the need to disseminate information about altitude sickness among travelers. This heightened accessibility has sparked a push for comprehensive research and viable solutions, aiming to address the ramifications of the increased risk associated with such endeavors. Furthermore, there's a growing call for additional research focusing on the unique medical demands posed by tourist excursions and extreme expeditions. Conclusions:It underscores the necessity for healthcare professionals equipped with specialized knowledge and expertise in both preventing and treating medical conditions arising in exceptional circumstances.

Pharmacological functions of salidroside in renal diseases: facts and perspectives.

Rhodiola rosea is a valuable functional medicinal plant widely utilized in China and other Asian countries for its anti-fatigue, anti-aging, and altitude sickness prevention properties. Salidroside, a most active constituent derived from Rhodiola rosea, exhibits potent antioxidative, hypoxia-resistant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-aging effects that have garnered significant attention. The appreciation of the pharmacological role of salidroside has burgeoned over the last decade, making it a beneficial option for the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and more. With its anti-aging and renoprotective effects, in parallel with the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, salidroside holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for kidney damage. This article provides an overview of the microinflammatory state in kidney disease and discuss the current therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on highlighting the recent advancements in utilizing salidroside for renal disease. The potential mechanisms of action of salidroside are primarily associated with the regulation of gene and protein expression in glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes, renal tubule cells, renal mesangial cells and renal cell carcinoma cell, including TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6, MCP-1, Bcl-2, VEGF, ECM protein, caspase-3, HIF-1α, BIM, as well as the modulation of AMPK/SIRT1, Nrf2/HO-1, Sirt1/PGC-1α, ROS/Src/Cav-1, Akt/GSK-3β, TXNIP-NLRP3, ERK1/2, TGF-β1/Smad2/3, PI3K/Akt, Wnt1/Wnt3a β-catenin, TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, SIRT1/Nrf2 pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to comprehensively cover the protective effects of salidroside on diverse renal diseases, and suggests that salidroside has great potential to be developed as a drug for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and renal complications.

Vaccines and Epistemic Trust

There is an enigma that plagues the modern world. On the one hand, access to information is more abundant than ever. On the other, knowledge seems all the more difficult to come by. The world is divided on numerous fact-based questions regarding nutrition, exercise, public policy impact, sickness prevention, mental wellness, and more. What accounts for this phenomenon? Likely, these disagreements and difficulties cannot be accounted for by a single factor, and the elements in play vary from question to question and subject to subject. This paper will focus on one possible factor: eroding trust in subject matter experts.

LncRNA and Protein Expression Profiles Reveal Heart Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia in Tibetan Sheep.

The Tibetan sheep has an intricate mechanism of adaptation to low oxygen levels, which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The heart plays a crucial role in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to hypoxia. In the present study, we utilized transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to comprehensively analyze and identify the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), genes, proteins, pathways, and gene ontology (GO) terms associated with hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan sheep at three different altitudes (2500 m, 3500 m, and 4500 m). By integrating the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA target genes, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we were able to identify and characterize the mechanisms underlying hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan sheep. Through this integration, we identified 41 shared genes/proteins, and functional enrichment analyses revealed their close association with lipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, significant enrichment was observed in important pathways such as the PPAR signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the oxoacid metabolic process, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the co-expression network of lncRNAs and mRNAs demonstrated that lncRNAs (MSTRG.4748.1, ENSOART00020025894, and ENSOART00020036371) may play a pivotal role in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to the hypoxic conditions of the plateau. In conclusion, this study expands the existing database of lncRNAs and proteins in Tibetan sheep, and these findings may serve as a reference for the prevention of altitude sickness in humans.

A framework to integrate virtual reality into international standard safety trainings

PurposeThe objective of this research is to propose an immersive framework that integrates virtual reality (VR) technology with directives international safety training certification bodies to enhance construction safety training, which eventually leads to safer construction sites.Design/methodology/approachThe adopted methodology combines expert insights and experimentation to maximize the effectiveness of construction safety training. The first step was identifying key considerations for VR models such as motion sickness prevention and adult learning theories. The second step was developing a game-like VR model for safety training, with multiple hazards and scenarios based on the considerations of the previous step. After that, safety experts evaluated the model and provided valuable feedback on its alignment with international safety training practices. Finally, the developed model is tested by senior students, where the testing format followed the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) working safely exam structure.FindingsAn advanced immersive VR safety training model was developed based on extensive lessons learned from the literature, previous work and psychology-informed adult learning theories. Model testing – through focus groups and hands-on experimentation – demonstrated significant benefit of VR in upgrading and complementing traditional training methods.Originality/valueThe findings presented in this paper make a significant contribution to the field of safety training within the construction industry and the broader context of immersive learning experiences. It also fosters further exploration into immersive learning experiences across educational and professional contexts.

An Ensemble Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease’s Diagnosis

Abstract: The most essential priority right now is healthcare which incorporates the identification, treatment, prevention, and management of illness, injury, or sickness. Chronic diseases, the most harmful type of diseases, are more prevalent in senior individuals and are often treatable but incur a significant financial cost, adding to the challenges the patient and the patient's family already confront. These have great impacts on the kidneys, damaging the waste-filtering mechanism of the body. As a result, technologies like artificial intelligence (machine learning-ML as well as deep learning-DL) are now being used to forecast and enhance the health of human systems in an efficient, inexpensive and reliable way. In this study, a stacking model with SVC, Adaboost and Random forest is being proposed which is trained on a dataset (n=400) collected in india over a time span of two months which includes 25 features (including red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, etc). The data went through Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), followed by feature extraction using Adaboost. This data was then used for model training using different classifiers, including the proposed model. The stacking model gave best accuracy (100%), precision (100%) and recall (100%) in comparison to SVC (Support Vector Classifier), Random forest and Adaboost models used individually.

Willingness to pay for medical care and its determinants in private health care facilities among Gondar city residents, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross sectional study

Medical care is a type of health service that mainly consists of investigation and diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitative care, and nursing care for the purpose of maintaining the structure or function of the body. A medical care payment is a sort of payment made for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, sickness, or damage, which includes checkups and periodic exams. In low-income nations, out-of-pocket expenditures account for 60 % of overall health spending, compared to 20 % in high-income ones. Willingness to pay is perhaps the highest money that a person is willing to provide to ensure that a particular wellbeing care action is undertaken. Previous research works focused mainly on the patients’ willingness to pay but not the amount they can afford. The focus of this study is to determine the level of willingness to pay, the mean amount of willingness to pay for medical care, and its major determinants. A community-based cross-section study was carried out among Gondar city residents from February 2022 to March 2022. The study participants were recruited by systematic random sampling. Four data collectors conducted interviews using a questionnaire. For analysis, the dataset was entered into Epi Info version 7 and transferred to STATA version 14. The descriptive part was summarized using summary statistics like mean, median, and standard deviation. Determinants of willingness to pay were identified using a Tobit regression model with a significance of p-value ≤ 0.05 and confidence interval (CI ≠ 0). Finally, the analyzed data was presented using tables and figures accordingly. The study involved 414 participants, with a response rate of 95.8 %. About 53.62 % of the participants were willing to pay for medical care and the average willingness to pay was 24.17 USD per year. They were more willing to pay if they were still working (β = 19.66), currently married (β = 14.49), had a family history of medical care (β = 25.74), had good knowledge (β = 36.16), had a history of medical illness (β = 16.64), lived a long distance from the health facility (β = 1.98), and had a high wealth index (β = 29.51). The willingness to pay for medical care is below the actual cost. Designing a cost-recovery strategy with multi-tiered programs assigned to the most vulnerable individuals, such as the elderly, less educated, or seriously sick, is a strategic approach of the raising demand for service uptake and accessibility.

A Systematic Literature Review for Measure, Estimation, and Mitigation of Motion Sickness in Vehicle Environment

Motion sickness is a significant research topic that can impede the widespread adoption of Internal combustion vehicles (ICV), electric vehicles (EV), and automated vehicles (AV). As the technologies for EVs and AVs continue to advance, Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate motion sickness in vehicle environments considering more detailed driving contexts. Thus, this paper focuses on trends and findings related to methods, strategies, and theories for detecting, preventing, or mitigating motion sickness in vehicles. A total of 52 articles published within the last five years were reviewed to examine the overall trends in motion sickness measurement and evaluation. The results of this study are expected to provide a foundation for the development of motion sickness prevention and mitigation functions, thereby improving the driving experience for users by making it safer and more comfortable.

Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceuticals Industries: Revolutionizing Healthcare

The pharmaceutical and biopharmaceuticals industries play a crucial role in revolutionizing healthcare by developing and delivering innovative medicines and therapies. These industries combine cutting-edge scientific research, advanced technologies, and rigorous regulatory processes to address a wide range of diseases and improve patients' lives. In this article, we will explore the key aspects of the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceuticals sectors and their impact on healthcare. Pharmaceuticals, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of sickness and for restoring, correcting, or editing natural functions. A biopharmaceuticals (biological or biologic) comprising sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, living cells, or tissues is a medicinal product manufactured in extracted or semi-synthesized from natural sources like humans, animals, or microorganisms. Different from ordinary pills synthesized from chemical processes, we derive most biopharmaceuticals merchandise from natural processes alongside the extraction from residing buildings or the manufacturing with the resource of recombinant DNA used sciences. Transgenic organisms, especially plants, animals, or microorganisms that have been genetically modified, are doubtlessly used to produce biopharmaceuticals

Assessing Passengers' Motion Sickness Levels Based on Cerebral Blood Oxygen Signals and Simulation of Actual Ride Sensation.

(1) Background: After motion sickness occurs in the ride process, this can easily cause passengers to have a poor mental state, cold sweats, nausea, and even vomiting symptoms. This study proposes to establish an association model between motion sickness level (MSL) and cerebral blood oxygen signals during a ride. (2) Methods: A riding simulation platform and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology are utilized to monitor the cerebral blood oxygen signals of subjects in a riding simulation experiment. The subjects' scores on the Fast Motion sickness Scale (FMS) are determined every minute during the experiment as the dependent variable to manifest the change in MSL. The Bayesian ridge regression (BRR) algorithm is applied to construct an assessment model of MSL during riding. The score of the Graybiel scale is adopted to preliminarily verify the effectiveness of the MSL evaluation model. Finally, a real vehicle test is developed, and two driving modes are selected in random road conditions to carry out a control test. (3) Results: The predicted MSL in the comfortable mode is significantly less than the MSL value in the normal mode, which is in line with expectations. (4) Conclusions: Changes in cerebral blood oxygen signals have a huge correlation with MSL. The MSL evaluation model proposed in this study has a guiding significance for the early warning and prevention of motion sickness.

Anti-senescence effects of Rhodiola crenulate extracts on LO2 cells and bioactive compounds.

Rhodiola crenulata (Rc) is a traditional herb, used in Tibetan medicine, has shown promise efficacy in physical performance improvement, work capacity enhancement, fatigue elimination, and altitude sickness prevention. Also, Rc exhibited therapeutic effects on aging-related diseases. However, relevant researches on Rc and their bioactive components are quite few and needs further investigation. The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between phytochemical profiles and their activities of Rc extracts. Rc extracts prepared by solvents with various hydrophilicity (i.e. aqueous ethanol (70%, v/v), water, and ethyl acetate), and their chemical compositions and specific compounds were analyzed by chemical analysis method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The regulate effects of Rc extracts on senescence and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the models of LO2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. The 70% ethanol extracts exhibited better regulating effects on senescence via the assays of senescence -associated β-galactosidase (SAβG) staining and lifespan, which was consistent with the higher antioxidant activities observed based on the results of antioxidant assays. A total of 14 phytochemicals have been identified in 70% ethanol extracts, whereas the other two extracts contained much fewer compounds in varieties. Phytochemical profile of water extract was similar to the first half (polar compounds, running time: 0-6min) of 70% ethanol extract profile, while those of ethyl acetate extract was consistent with its second half (more nonpolar compounds, running time: 6-12min). The 14 phytochemicals in Rc might exhibit additive or synergistic effects on senescence regulating and antioxidant activities, providing theoretical basis for daily administration of Rc.

Liquid respiratory desaturation is a new method of preventing decompression sickness

Introduction. According to the literature data, the method of liquid ventilation for the prevention of decompression sickness (DCS) was proposed only with the condition of its initiation before compression, that excluded the physical basis of the disease - an excess of metabolically indifferent gas in the tissues. However, as the analysis shows, in most cases, the evacuation of the crew of an emergency submarine is aggravated by being in gases’ increased pressure environment. So the casualty tissues become obviously saturated with indifferent gas. Experimental confirmation of the possibility of rapid tissues’ desaturation of nitrogen during respiration by denitrogenizated and oxygenated in a normal conditions respiratory fluid (hereinafter - the method of liquid respiratory desaturation) was obtained on the biological model of DCS of Syrian hamsters. The study aim is an experimental substantiation of the possibility to use liquid respiratory desaturation as a method of preventing the development of decompression disorders. Materials and methods. Scientists have performed a study on 24 mature male Syrian hamsters weighing 165-185g, aged four months, using an experimental laboratory hyperbaric stand for temporary maintenance of small laboratory animals under high pressure of a gas or liquid medium with the possibility of switching from one medium to another in isobaric conditions.The research methodology is based on the assessment of the clinical presentation of decompression disorders and the results of ultrasound examination of gas formations in the heart, large veins and liver after the fast non-stop decompression, in the background of preliminary saturation of the animal's body with indifferent gas (nitrogen) by staying in the air under the pressure 0.6 MPa (60 MWC) for six hours. The effect on experimental groups animals deferens from the control group by the period of immersion and spontaneous breathing in the respiratory fluid (20, 30 and 40 minutes) before decompression. Results. The authors analyzed the clinical picture of acute decompression disorders. The degree of gas formation in small laboratory animals was assessed by researchers using ultrasound using a semi-quantitative method. Spontaneous breathing with the prepared liquid, lasting 30 minutes or more, made it possible to remove excess nitrogen from the body of animals of experimental groups, providing etiopathogenetic prevention of DCS before decompression. The article presents the data of morphological studies. Conclusion. Liquid respiratory desaturation is a method of preventing decompression disorders based on the removal of metabolically indifferent gases from the body during liquid respiration, in the presence of a stress gradient from tissues into the respiratory fluid. The method allows the metabolically indifferent gases' rapid desaturation from the body by liquid ventilation before/or during decompression, thereby creating conditions of ultra-fast decompression modes without the risk of decompression disorders.