Rust Prevention Research Articles

Improvement of rust prevention by inclusion of 2D zeolite and graphene in oil-based soft coating

Improvement of rust prevention by inclusion of 2D zeolite and graphene in oil-based soft coating

High-efficiency fungicide screening and field control efficacy of maize southern corn rust

Southern corn rust caused by Puccinia dothidea is becoming one of the main diseases of maize planting in China, which seriously threatens the yield of maize in China. Currently, there is no registered pesticide to control southern corn rust in China. Therefore, it is urgent to screen out efficient pesticides to control southern corn rust and reduce the harm of multistem rust to maize yield in China. In the present study, the indoor virulence determination of spore-germination method and 2 years of field efficacy tests were used to screen the fungicides with good prevention and control efficacy on maize southern rust. The results of the indoor toxicity test in 2023 showed that the EC50 of P. dothidea to benzoflumizole was 0.0085 mg/L, and the sensitivity to thifluzamide was relatively poor, with an EC50 of 1.2585 mg/L. The mixture of pyraclostrobin and benzoflumizole at a ratio of 4:1 had the optimal synergistic effect, with an EC50 of 0.0181 mg/L and a cotoxicity coefficient of 128.36. The results of the field efficacy test revealed that 60 g/ha benzovinfluconazole had a good field control effect, and the control effect was 83.09%–85.95%. The combination of 30 g/ha benzodifluconazole and 93.75 g/ha pyraclostrobin had the optimal control effect, and the control effect was 86.92%–88.58% and safe for corn. The results indicated that the application of benzovindiflupyr and its mixture with pyraclostrobin had a good effect on the prevention and control of southern corn rust, which could provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of southern corn rust in production and scientific medication.

Entropy Generation Analysis on Hybrid Dusty Nanofluid Flow Over a Heated Stretching Sheet: Aerospace Technology

The past few years have seen enormous investments in research and development of next generation technologies with potential use in aerospace. Engine oil provides grease, air conditioning, maintenance, rust prevention, reduced sound and turbine functioning among its many functions within an airplane engine. Among these, lubrication is paramount. Without lubrication, it goes without saying that any moving components would wear out very fast. The present study investigates the significance of heat transport properties entropy generation on MHD dusty hybrid nanofluid flow over a heated stretching sheet in the presence of heat generation. By using the suitable self-similarity variables, the partial differential equation is transformed into ordinary differential equations. After then, the dimensionless equations are solved by using the MATLAB solver in bvp4c scheme. Graphs and tables are explained how the operational factors affect fluid flow efficiency. The velocity profile enhanced for increasing magnetic field values, however the energy outline exhibited the reverse behavior, which we observed. During the course of our research, we came to the conclusion that mixed nanofluids are superior to dusty small fluids in terms of their ability to transport energy transporters.

Assessment of overall remaining useful life of lubricants by integrating oil quality and performance

Effective lubricant health monitoring programs are essential for extending the lifespan of both the lubricant and machinery. An accurate and reliable remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is necessary for maintenance decision support. The degradation of used lubricating oil information trends evaluated using used oil analysis results is necessary. This study addresses the need for a comprehensive tool to consolidate oil analysis parameters and determine the remaining useful life (RUL) of used lubricating oil (ULO). A Performance Rating Index (PRI) was developed by integrating various oil degradation testing parameters, including membrane patch colorimetry for varnish and sludge potential, along with viscosity, foaming stability, water separability, air release properties, oxidation stability, rust prevention, and copper strip corrosion. The integration of routine and performance test results of a turbine oil at 25,480 operating hours exhibited a PRI of 48.5. Correlating with the ASTM degradation alarm limits of 50 %, the PRI results provide clear maintenance actions before the original equipment manufacturer's recommended overhaul. The PRI approach supports proactive maintenance by facilitating early oil replenishment, extending RUL, and reducing waste oil.

Research on new technology of resource-saving ultra-thin stone curtain wall

Ultra thin stone curtain wall technology is a resource-saving innovation. This article explores the application of ultra-thin stone in building exterior wall decoration, including pasted curtain walls, self insulated walls, AAC walls, and decorative insulation composite board exterior wall insulation systems. This technology has advantages such as thin thickness, light weight, low cost, convenient construction, and excellent self insulation performance. The key construction points include waterproofing, rust prevention treatment, use of high standard adhesives, embedding of steel wire mesh in the plaster layer, and small mortar joint technology. The future development direction should focus on innovation in the production technology of ultra-thin stone panels and new directions for stone products.

Thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil: Mechanism, influencing factors, evaluation methods, and antioxidants

AbstractAviation lubricating oil, as the “blood of machine operation”, plays an important role in the lubrication, cooling, cleaning, sealing, rust prevention, and other aspects of aero‐engines, thereby ensuring the safe and stable long‐term endurance of aero‐engines under high‐speed and high‐temperature conditions. The thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil leading to decay is the most important factor causing lubricating oil failure, which will seriously affect the performance of aero‐engines and endanger flight safety. Here, we comprehensively summarize the oxidation mechanism of aviation lubricating oil, factors affecting thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, evaluation methods for thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, and antioxidants that inhibit thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil. We hope that this review can enhance readers' understanding of the thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, stimulate broader interest, and promote more exciting development in this promising field.

Rust Prevention Property of a New Organic Inhibitor under Different Conditions.

The corrosion resistance properties of a new type of environmentally-friendly organic inhibitor containing amino ketone molecules are presented in this paper. To evaluate the prevention effect of the inhibitor on corrosion of reinforcement, the electrochemical characteristics of steels in the simulated concrete pore solution (SPS) were investigated under varied conditions of the relevant parameters, including concentrations of the inhibitor and NaCl, pH value, and temperature. The inhibition efficiency of the material was characterized through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, and the weight loss of steels. The results reveal a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of steels with the inhibitor. A maximum resistance value of 89.07% was achieved at an inhibitor concentration of 4%. Moreover, the new organic inhibitor exhibited good corrosion protection capability for steels under different NaCl concentrations. Its inhibition efficiency was determined to be 65.62, 80.06, and 66.30% at NaCl concentrations of 2, 3.5 and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, it was found that an alkaline environment was favorable for an enhanced corrosion prevention effect, and an optimal pH value of 11.3 was observed in this work. Besides, the inhibition efficiencies at different temperatures showed a trend of 25 > 35 > 40 > 20 > 30 °C, with a maximum value of 81.32% at 25 °C. The above results suggest that the new organic material has high potential to be used as an eco-friendly and long-term durable inhibitor for steel corrosion prevention under complex conditions.

Survey of prothioconazole sensitivity in Fusarium pseudograminearum isolates from Henan Province, China, and characterization of resistant laboratory mutants

BackgroundFusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most significant diseases limiting crop production in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region of China. Prothioconazole, a triazole sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide developed by the Bayer Crop Protection Company, is mainly registered for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust (China Pesticide Information Network). It is known to exhibit high activity against F. pseudograminearum, but further research, particularly regarding the potential for fungicide resistance, is required before it can be registered for the control of FCR in China.ResultsThe current study found that the baseline sensitivity of 67 field isolates of F. pseudograminearum collected between 2019 and 2021 ranged between 0.016–2.974 μg/mL, with an average EC50 value of 1.191 ± 0.720 μg/mL (mean ± SD). Although none of the field isolates exhibited signs of resistance, three highly resistant mutants were produced by repeated exposure to prothioconazole under laboratory conditions. All of the mutants were found to exhibit significantly reduced growth rates on potato dextrose agar (PDA), as well as reduced levels of sporulation, which indicated that there was a fitness cost associated with the resistance. However, inoculation of wounded wheat coleoptiles revealed that the pathogenicity of the resistant mutants was little affected or actually increased. Molecular analysis of the genes corresponding to the prothioconazole target protein, FpCYP51 (FpCYP51A, FpCYP51B, and FpCYP51C), indicated that the resistant mutants contained three conserved substitutions (M63I, A205S, and I246V) that were present in the FpCYP51C sequence of all three mutants, as well as several non-conserved substations in their FpCYP51A and FpCYP51B sequences. Expression analysis revealed that the presence of prothioconazole (0.1 μg/mL) generally resulted in reduced expression of the three FpCYP51 genes, but that the three mutants exhibited more complex patterns of expression that differed in comparison to their parental isolates. The study found no evidence of cross-resistance between prothioconazole and any of the fungicides tested including three DMI fungicides tebuconazole, prochloraz, and flutriafol.ConclusionsTaken together these results not only provide new insight into the resistant mechanism and biological characteristics associated with prothioconazole resistance in F. pseudograminearum, but also strong evidence that prothioconazole could provide effective and sustained control of FCR, especially when applied in combination with other fungicides.

Complete biodegradation of fungicide carboxin and its metabolite aniline by Delftia sp. HFL-1

Fungicide carboxin was commonly used in the form of seed coating for the prevention of smut, wheat rust and cotton damping-off, leading carboxin and its probable carcinogenic metabolite aniline to directly enter the soil with the seeds, causing residual pollution. In this study, a novel carboxin degrading strain, Delftia sp. HFL-1, was isolated. Strain HFL-1 could use carboxin as the carbon source for growth and completely degrade 50 mg/L carboxin and its metabolite aniline within 24 h. The optimal temperatures and pH for carboxin degrading by strain HFL-1 were 30 to 42 °C and 5 to 9, respectively. Furthermore, the complete mineralization pathway of carboxin by strain HFL-1 was revealed by High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). Carboxin was firstly hydrolyzed into aniline and further metabolized into catechol through multiple oxidation processes, and finally converted into 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate, a precursor of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Genome sequencing revealed the corresponding degradation genes and cluster of carboxin. Among them, amidohydrolase and dioxygenase were key enzymes involved in the degradation of carboxin and aniline. The discovery of transposons indicated that the aniline degradation gene cluster in strain HFL-1 was obtained via horizontal transfer. Furthermore, the degradation genes were cloned and overexpressed. The in vitro test showed that the expressed degrading enzyme could efficiently degrade aniline. This study provides an efficient strain resource for the bioremediation of carboxin and aniline in contaminated soil, and further revealing the molecular mechanism of biodegradation of carboxin and aniline.

Rust Preventive oil

Rust Preventive oil

Converting Iron Corrosion Product to Nanostructured Conducting Polymers: Synthetic Strategies and Applications

ConspectusIron corrosion product, commonly known as rust, forms from the chemical reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of water. It is a heterogeneous solid-state material composed of multiple phases and is ubiquitous throughout the universe. Sixteen distinct phases of iron corrosion product exist naturally under different temperature, pH, and pressure. Rust species such as hematite (α- Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), goethite (α-FeOOH), and lepidocrocite (γ- FeOOH), first documented ca. 800 BCE, make up the solid-state chemical family composed of iron oxides, oxyhydroxides, and hydroxides. On an anthropogenic scale, rust represents a persistent problem to all manner of engineering and industrial pursuits. Corrosion is gradual and nondiscriminatory, affecting iron structures of all shapes and sizes from bridges and buildings to pipelines and wires that necessitates considerable spending on rust prevention and removal techniques. The infamous “Rust Belt” is colloquially used to describe regions of the United States characterized by sharp industrial decline and evokes images of derelict steel factories rusted over from decades of disuse. Therefore, iron corrosion product is commonly regarded as a symptom of deterioration and a physical manifestation of neglect in the eyes of the public. Yet, invaluable scientific potential exists within this “waste” material.Rust is thermodynamically stable, inexpensive, easily processable, and an abundant source of ferric ions (Fe3+) and therefore serves as an attractive oxidative candidate for developing chemical reactions. The ferric ion, with a standard reduction potential of +0.77 V, is an oxidizing agent that is well-investigated in the syntheses of highly conductive conjugated polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polypyrrole (PPy). Additionally, hydrolysis products of ferric ions form various nanostructures and provide diversified growing template for conducting polymers, including rod-shape akageneite (β-FeOOH), fiber-shape goethite (α-FeOOH), 2D sheet iron oxychloride (FeOCl), and spherical/cubic hematite (α-Fe2O3).In this Account, we introduce our unique synthetic strategies that involve rust and advance the state-of-the-art in chemical synthesis of nanostructured conducting polymers. We utilize products from rust, droplets with rust, and interfaces containing rust to synthesize nanostructured conducting polymer including rust-based vapor-phase polymerization (RVPP), aerosol vapor polymerization (AVP), and condensing vapor-phase polymerization (CVPP). Owing to the high conductivity and high surface area, nanostructured conducting polymers are emerging as hotspots for electrode materials in energy storage devices (i.e., supercapacitors) and solar cells. In the second part of this Account, we discuss how combining our unique synthetic strategies with conventional materials and fabrication techniques produces devices with high figure of merit performance. These devices include a brick supercapacitor as proof-of-concept energy storage masonry material, a 3D microsupercapacitor with a superior and low-cost electrode engineering strategy as well as high energy density larger than a thin-lithium battery, and a dye-sensitized solar cell with an efficiency superior to that of Pt with cost-effective fabrication.

The effect of the corrosion inhibition of steel bar and the property of salt adsorption to salt adsorption type epoxy resin

Reinforced concrete structures in a salt-damaged environment are deteriorated by salt damage due to the influence of salt. As a repair measure, repair materials with salt adsorption performance and rebar rust prevention performance are used for inorganic materials. However, products with these added to organic materials are used for various purposes, which are used for various applications as repair materials. Unfortunately, there are few examples of its use becoming possible expected that measures against salt damage will be taken in various applications which have developed a “salt-adsorbing epoxy resin repair material” in which a salt-adsorbing agent is added to epoxy resin, which is an organic material. In addition, this research presented the salt adsorption effect and the corrosion inhibition effect on steel bars applied to each repair application.

Study the reuse possibility of tempering lubricant for cold‐rolled strip wet‐rolling processing

AbstractIn the wet rolling process of industrial cold‐rolled strips, the tempering lubricant was discarded after one‐time use, which resulted in huge waste and high costs for wastewater treatment. In order to explore the reuse value and feasibility of the tempering lubricant, the influences of industrial rolling were to be studied first. In the comparison of before and after‐use‐ tempering lubricant, the surface tension decreased by 34%, and the physicochemical indicators such as electrical conductivity, pH, and total alkali value decreased by 4%–14.3%. In terms of the components and related effects, about 15% of heavy organic matter, such as fatty acids and alcohol amine was responsible for lubrication, rust prevention, and corrosion inhibition. These heavy organic solutes would reduce by 2%–6%, with impurities increasing after rolling. However, the waste tempering lubricant still had a high reuse value. Further from the influence of impurities and microorganisms, it was concluded that if the solid powders were filtered out, the bacteriostatic agent was added after 3 days, and the changes in the effective substance concentration of the tempering lubricant were mastered to replace 1/3 of it in time during recycling, then the reuse of the tempering lubricant was feasible.

The Roles of Surfactant in Tribology Applications of Recent Technology; an overview

In managing friction, wear, and lubricant qualities such as emulsification, demulsification, bio resistance, oxidation resistance, rust prevention, and corrosion resistance, surfactants play a crucial role in tribology. This is an important topic for the development of new materials and gadgets, particularly those created at the Nano-scale. The tribological characteristics of cutting fluids, lubricant performance in relation to steel surfaces, bio lubricants, and novel materials and approaches to friction and wear reduction will all be covered in this most recent edition. Numerous industries place a high priority on surface science and tribology. Almost all consumer and industrial products are manufactured and used with the aid of sophisticated surface and tribological knowledge.Amphiphilic molecules are those that function as surface-active agents or surfactants. Their tails are hydrophobic while their heads are polar, or hydrophilic. They are dispersible in both water and organic solvents. This article introduces surfactants' nature and physical traits with a focus on their importance in modern science and technology. The primary property of surfactant molecules is the ability to self-assemble into micelles, which gives us a way to apply surfactants. The study of the surfactants results in a number of practical application areas, including food, health and personal care goods, biological systems, mineral and petroleum processing, and even nanotechnology. The organisms, food manufacturing, crop protection, personal care products, mineral and petroleum processing, and other practical application areas serve as examples of what these in turn give rise to a range of operational application domains.

The Roles of Surfactant in Tribology Applications of Recent Technology: An overview

In managing friction, wear, and lubricant qualities such as emulsification, demulsification, bio resistance, oxidation resistance, rust prevention, and corrosion resistance, surfactants play a crucial role in tribology. This is an important topic for the development of new materials and gadgets, particularly those created at the Nano-scale. The tribological characteristics of cutting fluids, lubricant performance in relation to steel surfaces, bio lubricants, and novel materials and approaches to friction and wear reduction will all be covered in this most recent edition. Numerous industries place a high priority on surface science and tribology. Almost all consumer and industrial products are manufactured and used with the aid of sophisticated surface and tribological knowledge. Amphiphilic molecules are those that function as surface-active agents or surfactants. Their tails are hydrophobic while their heads are polar, or hydrophilic. They are dispersible in both water and organic solvents. This article introduces surfactants’ nature and physical traits with a focus on their importance in modern science and technology. The primary property of surfactant molecules is the ability to self-assemble into micelles, which gives us a way to apply surfactants. The study of the surfactants results in a number of practical application areas, including food, health and personal care goods, biological systems, mineral and petroleum processing, and even nanotechnology. The organisms, food manufacturing, crop protection, personal care products, mineral and petroleum processing, and other practical application areas serve as examples of what these in turn give rise to a range of operational application domains.

Synthesis of Over-Based Magnesium Stearate Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation as Multifunction Lubricating Oil Additives

The use of multifunction additives in the lubricant sector has attracted great interest due to their ability to simultaneously improve and add multiple functions. This work describes the preparation and evaluation of over-based magnesium stearate detergent as a multifunction additive by the reaction of stearic acid with carbon dioxide gas in the presence of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and ammonia. The prepared over-based magnesium stearate was evaluated as a multifunction additive through blending it in various concentrations of 1-5 wt/wt% with sixty stock lubricating oils. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) were used to determine the total base number (TBN), viscosity index (VI), pour point (PP), rust prevention, copper corrosion inhibition, and oxidation stability. The over-based magnesium stearate detergent gave higher values for TBN and detergency efficiency. The blended oil with one percent of the prepared additive showed more rust, oxidation, and corrosion resistance than the standard antioxidant (hindered phenol HP). The VI values of the blended oils showed that the 5 wt/wt% over-based magnesium stearate, which has approximately the same VI values as the blend with 5% of the standard olefin copolymer (OCP), provides better performance.

Disease Recognition of Maize Leaf Based on KNN and Feature Extraction

Maize is one of the main crops in Shangluo. The maize yield and quality are adversely affected by leaf spot and rust. In order to realize the early prevention of maize leaf spot and rust and avoid problems of environmental pollution induced by the conventional chemical reagents, computer vision technology was proposed for disease detection in this research. The algorithm of [Formula: see text]-means was used to process the image samples obtained from the test field. The healthy area, disease area and background area were separated. Based on the healthy area and disease area, ten parameters were extracted, including four parameters of color characteristic, four parameters of texture feature and two parameters of shape feature, which were taken as the classification criteria in the classification training by KNN algorithm. In total, 200 test image samples (100 samples of leaf spot and 100 samples of maize rust) were sent into the training model for disease identification. The results showed that the algorithm proposed can efficiently and nondestructively identify maize leaf spot and rust based on image segmentation and multi-feature fusion. The method was convenient and environmentally friendly. It can provide technical support for plant protection and can supply research ideas of precise control of crop diseases.

Characteristics of oxide film formed on cavitation-treated steel surface in water

Rust in rust-prone steel is promoted in water by corrosive factors. Therefore, to prevent the formation of rust, it is necessary to eliminate various corrosive factors before plating or other rust prevention measures. In this study, we investigated improvement of the corrosion resistance of steel surfaces by mechanochemical-multifunction cavitation (MC-MFC) with a sodium hypochlorite solution and MFC in water. The compounds formed on the steel surface after MFC and MC-MFC were α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH. Furthermore, red rust was less likely to occur on the surface after MC-MFC; therefore, it was concluded that the amount of β-FeOOH was relatively high. In combined cycle tests conducted to evaluate the rust resistance, red and black regions were formed on the unprocessed and MC-MFC processed surfaces, respectively. The MC-MFC treated surface effectively suppressed rust formation because the amount of Fe compounds was less in the depth direction than on the untreated surface, as determined by glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy analysis.

The Effect of Base Oil Viscosity on the Corrosion Preventive Properties of the Rust Preventive Oils

The Effect of Base Oil Viscosity on the Corrosion Preventive Properties of the Rust Preventive Oils

Attempts and initiatives for mobility research including guideway transportation at the Mobility Experimental Field of the University of Tokyo

This paper describes several trials performed CHIBA test track 2 in the university of tokyo. These trials including a low-speed wheel climbing test using test trolley, expansion of facilities on CHIBA test track 2, coloring of track and bogie with water-based rust prevention and improved visibility, suppression of track temperature rise, Visualization of the contact position between wheel and rail, suppression of squeak noise, trials of non-contact speedometers, and data collection for detecting obstacles in the running space.