Prevention Of Reproductive Disorders Research Articles

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors for Trace Mancozeb Detection: A Step Toward the Prevention of Reproductive Disorders Caused by this Hazardous Substance

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors for Trace Mancozeb Detection: A Step Toward the Prevention of Reproductive Disorders Caused by this Hazardous Substance

Investigation of the Relationship between Plasma Nesfatin-1 Levels and Neutering in Dogs.

Neutering of dogs, whether male or female, provides various benefits such as contraception, population control, and the prevention of reproductive disorders and undesirable sexual behaviors. However, it is also associated with an increased risk of obesity, which may be directly linked to post-neutering hormonal changes. Our study aims to determine the effects of neutering on plasma levels of nesfatin-1, serotonin, dopamine, TSH, and T4-hormones implicated in obesity and metabolic regulation. Fourteen dogs (seven males and seven females), aged between 1 and 3 years, were included in this study. Male dogs underwent orchiectomy and females underwent ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were collected before surgery and on days 7 and 14 post-operatively to measure the plasma levels of these hormones using ELISA. The results showed a significant decrease in nesfatin-1, serotonin, and T4 levels, along with a significant increase in TSH levels in both male and female dogs post-neutering. While these hormonal changes are likely part of the body's adaptive response to neutering, they may represent a potential mechanism that contributes to the long-term tendency toward obesity in neutered dogs.

The Impact of Emotional Responses on Female Reproduction: Fibrinolysis in the Spotlight.

Fibrinolytic enzymes modify various substrates required for tissue remodeling, playing a crucial role in mechanisms underlying resilience, reward processing, ovulation, embryo implantation, and placentation. Individuals with low resilience and reduced reward responsiveness, when exposed to chronic stress, are at increased risk of experiencing a range of negative emotions. Chronic anxiety and melancholia are examples of negative emotions associated with hypercortisolism, while fear and atypical depression are characterized by systemic inflammation. Both cortisol and inflammatory cytokines stimulate the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a potent fibrinolysis inhibitor. Chronic anxiety, fear, and depression are among the many hypofibrinolytic conditions increasing the risk of oligo-anovulation, miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. Although significant, the impact of negative emotions on implantation is not as obvious as on ovulation or placentation. Other hypofibrinolytic conditions that may affect female reproduction through mechanisms dependent or independent of PAI-1 include metabolic disturbances (e.g., due to consumption of highly palatable foods, often used to alleviate negative affect), inflammation, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism, antiphospholipid antibodies, and the 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene. Benzodiazepines and antidepressants should be used with caution in the first trimester as this combination may cause malformations. Also, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have fibrinolytic properties that increase the risk of bleeding after surgical procedures. Psychological interventions, especially group therapy, are effective in the prevention of reproductive disorders. Controlled trials are needed to test the hypothesis that female reproductive health depends on psychological well-being, a balanced diet and physical activity, suppression of inflammation and autoantibodies, and homocysteine and hormonal homeostasis.

Personified treatment and prevention of sexual developmental disorders in pubertal age girls with diffusive liver diseases

Diffuse liver disease can have a pronounced detrimental effect on the developing reproductive system. Hepatoprotection in gynecological practice is not so much in the choice of drugs that protect or restore the liver, as in the appointment of optimal safe therapy for this category of patients, especially in adolescence. The aim: to study the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for disorders of the reproductive system in adolescent girls with diffuse liver disease. Material and methods. Under observation for the period 2010-2020 were 486 girls aged 12-17 years, of which 120 - with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), 120 - with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 66 - with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 180 - conditionally somatically and gynecologically healthy girls with normal sexual development of the control group. All patients underwent general clinical, hepatological examination, determination of features of neuroendocrine status, sexual development. The author proposed a differentiated method of treatment and prevention measures to restore reproductive health in adolescents with chronic diffuse liver disease, which included the appointment of vitamin D, phytocompositions, vitamin-mineral complexes with myo-inositol, if necessary - hormonal hemostasis. Results. Against the background of improved neuroendocrine status in the examined girls there was a decrease in the number of cases of amenorrhea in the group with CVH from 5.00% to 0.00% (p<0.01), in the group of NAFLD - from 27.50% to 3.33% (OR 11.00 [3.757-32.207]), in the AIH group - from 13.64% to 0.00% (p<0.01); opsomenorrhea - from 24.17% to 2.50% (OR 12.43 [3,670-42,092]), from 67.50% to 7.50% (OR 25.62 [11.750-55.843]) and from 27. 27% to 6.06% (OR 5.81 [1.846-18.304]); oligomenorrhea - from 25.83% to 1.67% (OR 20.55 [4.791-88.152]), from 62.50% to 5.83% (OR 26.91 [11.52-62.83]) and from 27.27% to 4.55% (OR 7.88 [2.192-28.286]); juvenile uterine bleeding - from 18.33% to 1.67% (OR 13.25 [3.039-57.728]), from 10.00% to 0.00% (p<0.01) and from 9.09% to 0.00% (p<0.01); dysmenorrhea - from 38.33% to 12.50% (OR 4.20 [2.181-8.087]), from 14.17% to 5.00% (OR 3.14 [1.191-8.257]) and from 31.82 % to 13.64% (OR 2.96 [1.234-7.078]). Conclusions. The applied personalized treatment-and-prophylactic measures taking into account individual disorders of neuroendocrine status and menstrual health in adolescent girls with diffuse liver diseases are effective and allow to recommend this complex as a means of treatment and prevention of reproductive disorders.

Prevention of reproductive disorders in women with female genital tract malformations

Summary. Reproductive health is a priority in today’s global health care system. Among the factors of reproductive health disorders are female genital tract malformations. This pathology is mostly diagnosed with the onset of reproductive disorders at different ages of women, negatively affecting not only the reproductive but also the sexual functions of women, absorbing the quality of her life. The objective: to develop measures for the prevention of reproductive disorders in patients with female genital tract malformations based on the assessment of clinical manifestations and the frequency of reproductive disorders. Materials and methods. A retrospective assessment of reproductive disorders in 84 patients with a verified diagnosis of abnormalities in the development of the female genital organs was performed. The diagnosis was based on complaints, anamnestic data, the results of objective examination, clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods. The control group consisted of 25 women without abnormalities in the development of the female genitalia. Results. The mean age of the surveyed women was 27.6 ± 3.8 years. The duration of verification of the diagnosis of female genital tract malformations from the moment of the first visit to the gynecologist took an average of 3.1 ± 1.3 years. Of all the abnormalities in the development of the female reproductive system, 14.3 % were so-called «obstructive» abnormalities associated with impaired menstrual blood flow. Therefore, their clinical manifestation was earlier and more pronounced than in other patients and was manifested primarily by severe dysmenorrhea. Deviations in the age of onset of menarche occurred in 25 % of patients (OR =8; 95 % CI 1,019 – 62,798). In 73.8 % of women, the first reproductive disorders began during puberty. Dys menorrhea of varying severity occurred in 69.1 % of patients (OR = 7,064; 95 % СІ 2,527 – 19,744), of whom 70.6 % used medical treatment. The share of infertility among the women with anomalies in the development of the reproductive system was 19.1 %, pregnancy loss – 40.5 %. It was found that the risk of miscarriage in patients with congenital pathology of the female genitalia increases significantly (OR = 3,570; 95 % CI 1,125 – 11,325). 34.5 % of patients were diagnosed with genital endometriosis (OR = 6,064; 95 % СI 1,335 – 27,540). In 21.4 % of cases, abnormalities in the development of the female genitals were combined with congenital kidney disease. Conclusions. Prevention and predictability of reproductive disorders in patients with female genital tract malformations should begin with the pubertal period of the girl. A separate risk group consists of girls with pathology of the kidneys diagnosed prenatally. The basis for the prevention of reproductive health disorders in women with female genital tract malformations is the timely verification of congenital pathology and the development of a personalized system of management. The results of our research and the literature suggest that verification of the diagnosis of female genital tract malformations in women usually begins when patients have lost pregnancy or are experiencing infertility, while dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities that may occur in adolescence, often do not alert and do not become the basis for exclusion of congenital anomalies. That is why we believe that screening ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs in the presence of these disorders, it is advisable to conduct girls during puberty, if necessary – using 3D ultrasound and/or MRI.

Treatment and prevention of reproductive disorders, oxidative stress in male idiopathic infertility

Treatment and prevention of reproductive disorders, oxidative stress in male idiopathic infertility

The Reproductive Success of Farmed American Mink (Neovison Vison) – A Review

Abstract The aim of this review was to define the most important factors that affect the reproductive success of farmed mink. The biology of mink reproduction is unique when comparing it with other farmed fur animals. The article emphasizes the importance of optimal environmental conditions in prevention of reproductive disorders. The novel attempts to the mating schedule, optimal diet and body condition of dams, kits transfer between dams, these are only examples of advantageous procedures used in mink farming to increase the effectiveness of reproduction.

Penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi sapi perah pada peternak sapi perah di Cipageran, Cimahi, Jawa Barat

Cipageran, Cimahi city, West Java has a high population of dairy cattles and one of the suppliers of milk for the West Java region. However, there are limitations in farmers' knowledge about animal health, especially reproductive disorder. Data collection was carried out in the local dairy cattle farmer group. The method used were a pre-test on the reproductive health of dairy cattles, counseling on reproductive health and prevention of reproductive disorders, discussion related to the topic provided. Based on the results of the question and answer and discussion, information on the level of knowledge of the breeders' groups on the reproductive health of dairy cattles was obtained and efforts to prevent the emergence of reproductive disorders were good enough. However, the knowledge of farmers in order to prevent, handle and care for livestock is still lacking, so better support are needed.

Возможности негормональной коррекции нарушений менструального цикла у женщин репродуктивного возраста

tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kiev The article presents new data on the prevention of reproductive disorders in women with functional hormonal imbalances. Disruption of the menstrual cycle is considered to be the combined result of hormonal dysfunction and the negative influence of the environment during chronic stress. The role of non-hormonal therapy in improving the quality of life and eliminating hormonal imbalance in women of reproductive age is shown. Key words: female reproductive function, hormonal imbalance, proliferation.

How to Improve Reproductive Efficacy from Now in Japan? Find out the Factors of Late Lactation to Predict Postpartum Reproductive Diseases

Reproductive efficiency and performance in dairy cattle has been declining over the last 20 years in Japan. Recently, this has resulted in serious problems in dairy herds. There have been changes in the animals themselves and in the animal's environment, e.g. the genetic potential for milk yield has improved, the herd size of dairy farms has been expanding, the housing system of dairy cattle has been changing from tie stall to free stall, and total mixed ratio (TMR) feeding systems have become widespread. It is not clear whether the animals have adapted adequately to these environmental changes. Up till now, reproductive management has been undertaken by monitoring animal performance and/or hormonal treatments, and this has resulted in acceptable reproductive performance. However, conception and pregnancy rates have continued to decline, and the calving to calving interval has continued to extend. Consequently, the average parity and the average age at culling in dairy cattle have been declining. The most common causes of culling in dairy cattle are reproductive disorders in Japan. Therefore, in future, prevention of reproductive disorders will be required for both reproductive efficiency and animal welfare. During late pregnancy and the transition from the pregnant, non-lactating state to the non-pregnant, lactating state, dramatic changes are occurring in the dam including an increase in the fetal-placental mass and calving. Thus, the demand for energy, protein and minerals by the conceptus increases, the space within the abdominal cavity and the rumen capacity decreases due to the increased volume of the conceptus, the local immunological relationship between the fetal and maternal placenta dramatically changes, and physiological homeostasis is activated to adapt to these changes. If cattle can't maintain homeostasis before calving, the incidence of reproductive diseases will be greatly increased. We have been examining reproductive, nutritional and immunological factors to predict the occurrence of reproductive disorders as early as possible and to develop strategies to prevent them. It is unlikely that all dairy farms in Japan will be able to improve reproductive performance with general advice, due to the wide variation in feeding systems and management in Japan. Therefore, specific advice needs to be tailored to each herd, based on management systems employed within each herd. We have proposed that it is important to identify common risk factors across herds, to use these factors as an index for disease control and reproductive management and finally to demonstrate the relationship between these factors and fundamental improvement of the reproductive efficiency. We propose this approach with the aim of providing a breakthrough in improving reproductive performance in dairy cattle in Japan. The focus of this review will be that such an approach is important for improvement of the reproductive efficiency in Japanese dairy cows.