Prevention Of Paracentesis-induced Circulatory Dysfunction Research Articles

High efficacy of low-dose albumin infusion in the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction

BackgroundLarge-volume paracentesis (LVP) is a main pillar in treating patients with tense ascites. Without plasma expanders use, paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) is a common complication with decreased survival. The aim was to compare low-dose albumin (2 g/L ascitic fluid removed n = 85) with standard-dose albumin (6 g/L ascitic fluid removed, n = 25) for prevention of PICD. Liver function tests, urea, creatinine, CBC, and abdominal ultrasonography were done. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured at baseline and on the 6th day post-LVP. The delta change (Δ) = day 6 variable minus baseline variable value. PICD was defined as increase in PRA of > 50% of the baseline value.ResultsPatients in low-dose albumin group were mainly Child B compared with Child C (85.9% vs. 52%; p = 0.001), underwent less paracentesis volume (9.78 ± 3.56 vs. 12.52 ± 3.6 L; p = 0.001), but had higher baseline PRA (859.62 ± 1151.34 vs. 165.93 ± 95.34 pg/mL; p = 0.001). In both groups, the PRA increased at day 6 compared with the baseline (1141.57 ± 1433.01 vs. 859.62 ± 1151.34 pg/mL; p = 0.01) and (192.21 ± 80.99 vs. 165.93 ± 95.34 pg/mL; p = 0.01) respectively. Both groups were comparable for Δ PRA (281.95 ± 851.4 vs. 26.28 ± 30.2 pg/mL; p = 0.102) and PRA percent increase (10.97 ± 30.77 vs. 12.57 ± 14.87; p = 0.844). They had comparable PICD incidence (24.7% vs. 12%; p = 0.27). Females were more liable for PICD occurrence than males (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.125–7.547, p = 0.028) and so Child B patients than Child C (OR 8.4, 95% CI 1.072–65.767, p = 0.043).ConclusionLow-dose albumin infusion is comparable to the standard-dose albumin for the prevention of PICD.

Pathophysiology and Prevention of Paracentesis-induced Circulatory Dysfunction: A Concise Review.

Annually, 10% of cirrhotic patients with ascites develop refractory ascites for which large-volume paracentesis (LVP) is a frequently used therapeutic procedure. LVP, although a safe method, is associated with circulatory dysfunction in a significant percentage of patients, which is termed paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD). PICD results in faster reaccumulation of ascites, hyponatremia, renal impairment, and shorter survival. PICD is diagnosed through laboratory results, with increases of >50% of baseline plasma renin activity to a value ≥4 ng/mL/h on the fifth to sixth day after paracentesis. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and prevention of PICD.

Comparison of Midodrine and Albumin in the Prevention of Paracentesis-induced Circulatory Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Patients

In this pilot study, we compared midodrine and albumin in the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD). PICD with pronounced arterial vasodilatation in cirrhotics with tense ascites can be prevented by the infusion of albumin, which is an expensive treatment modality. Various vasoconstrictors have also been used to prevent PICD, but there are few studies about the usage of midodrine. Fifty patients with cirrhosis and tense refractory ascites were randomly assigned to be treated with either midodrine (n=25) (12.5 mg 3 times/d; over 3 d) or albumin (n=25) (8 g/L of removed ascites) after a large-volume paracentesis. Effective arterial blood volume was assessed indirectly by measuring serum creatinine, serum sodium, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone concentration before and 6 days after paracentesis. Midodrine therapy was cheaper compared with albumin therapy, but serum creatinine, serum sodium, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration values after treatment [0.99±0.19 to 3.02±2.58 mg/dL (P=0.001), 132.36±3.2 to 130.2±4.1 mEq/L (P<0.001), 3.03±0.33 to 4.2±0.76 ng/mL/h (P<0.001), and 166.72±64.26 to 298.64±130 pg/mL (P<0.001), respectively] significantly differed in the midodrine group from that in the albumin group [1.10±0.22 to 1.11±0.161 mg/dL (P=0.885), 132.2±3.524 to 131.88±3.09 mEq/L (P=0.246), 4±0.91 to 4.11±0.74 ng/mL/h (P=0.440), and 204.88±115.9 to 177.08±100.5 pg/mL (P<0.001), respectively]. Seven patients, among whom 6 were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) positive, in the midodrine group of our study died as a consequence of liver failure complicated by acute renal failure, followed by hepatic encephalopathy. Whereas in the albumin group, even among the 7 patients with HCC, no patient died or developed hepatorenal syndrome or developed hepatic encephalopathy. This pilot study suggests that midodrine is not as effective as intravenous albumin in preventing circulatory dysfunction after large-volume paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites, especially with HCC-positive patients.

Prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction

Anesthesia and ICU, National Liver Institute,Menoufiya University, Shebeen El-Kom, EgyptCorrespondence to Ayman Alsebaey, MD, Departmentof Hepatology, National Liver Institute, MenoufiyaUniversity, 32511 Shebeen El-Kom, EgyptTel: +201003751248; fax: +20 482 234 586;e-mail: asebaey@liver-eg.orgReceived 18 February 2013Accepted 13 May 2013Egyptian Liver Journal 2013, 3:118–125

Prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis: Standard vs half albumin doses. A prospective, randomized, unblinded pilot study

Background Paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction is a well-known complication of large volume paracentesis. Albumin infusion (8 g of albumin/L of ascites removed) is effective in preventing it, but high costs and scant availability limit its use. Aim To compare standard vs half albumin doses. Methods Seventy cirrhotic patients treated with large volume paracentesis were randomized to receive intravenous albumin as prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction: group 1 (35 patients) received 4 g/L of ascites removed, group 2 (35 patients) received 8 g/L of ascites removed. Results The incidence of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (14% vs 20% in group 1 and group 2, respectively; p = ns), hyponatremia (9% vs 6%, p = ns) and renal impairment (0% in both groups) on the 6th day from paracentesis was similar between the two groups. After 6 months of follow-up, rates of survival and of recurrence of ascites requiring large volume paracentesis were not different between the two groups. Conclusions This unblinded, randomized, pilot study suggests that treatment with half doses of albumin is effective in the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction and its related clinical complications in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites treated by large volume paracentesis. If confirmed, these results could support a significant costs reduction in the management of ascites in cirrhotic patients.

Midodrine and Octreotide in Treatment of Cirrhosis-Related Hemodynamic Complications

To review studies evaluating the use of midodrine and octreotide in hemodynamic complications of cirrhosis, including ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Searches of MEDLINE (1966-September 2008) and EMBASE (1974-September 2008) were conducted using the terms midodrine, octreotide, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, cirrhosis, and paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction. Literature review was limited to English-language, human studies. Studies identified from data sources were considered for review. Studies were excluded if primary therapy involved any of the following: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure, medications other than midodrine or octreotide, or patients included for treatment or prevention of portal hypertension and/or variceal bleeding. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies and studies using retrospective data collection were excluded. Seven studies were included in this review. Midodrine and octreotide in combination or alone have shown conflicting results for systemic and renal hemodynamics and renal function in patients with cirrhosis-related complications. Patients with ascites being treated with midodrine, alone or in combination with octreotide, showed significant changes in systemic hemodynamics, without a correlating change in renal perfusion. Studies comparing the use of midodrine with use of albumin for the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) showed no incidence of PICD in either treatment group. In hepatorenal syndrome, patients using midodrine with octreotide showed significant changes in systemic hemodynamics and improvements in renal perfusion. This regimen's effect on survival is yet to be determined. Available evidence shows inconsistent results for the effectiveness and safety of midodrine and octreotide use in cirrhotic patients. Because of the contradictory results, longer treatment duration and increased number of study participants are necessary to determine the proper use of midodrine and octreotide in these patients.

Norepinephrine [noradrenaline] is as effective as albumin in the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis,

Norepinephrine [noradrenaline] is as effective as albumin in the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis,

Noradrenaline and albumin in paracentesis‐induced circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis: a randomized pilot study

Therapeutic paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis is associated with a circulatory dysfunction. Intravenous albumin has been used to prevent the circulatory dysfunction; however, the use of albumin is controversial and costly. Splanchnic vasodilation is mainly responsible for circulatory dysfunction in these patients. There are no reports of use of noradrenaline, a vasoconstrictor, on the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, we studied the preventive effect of noradrenaline on paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis after therapeutic paracentesis and compared it with that of intravenous albumin in a randomized pilot study. Forty patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites underwent therapeutic paracentesis with albumin or noradrenaline in a randomized controlled trial at a tertiary centre. Effective arterial blood volume was assessed by measuring plasma renin activity at baseline and at 6 days after treatment. Effective arterial blood volume as indicated by plasma renin activity before and 6 days after paracentesis did not differ in the two groups (20.62 +/- 10.27-22.02 +/- 10.15 ng mL(-1) h(-1); P = 0.11 in the albumin group and 19.66 +/- 8.91-20.78 +/- 9.41 ng mL(-1) h(-1); P = 0.37 in the noradrenaline group). Plasma aldosterone concentration before and 6 days after paracentesis were also similar in both groups (1196.5 +/- 434.2-1217.0 +/- 405.7 pg mL(-1); P = 0.7 in the albumin group and 1206.0 +/- 522.5-1273.5 +/- 444.8 pg mL(-1); P = 0.22 in the noradrenaline group). The cost of noradrenaline treatment was significantly lower when compared with that of albumin (P < 0.001). Noradrenaline is as effective as albumin in preventing paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis after therapeutic paracentesis, but at a fraction of the cost.

Randomized trial comparing albumin and saline in the prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in cirrhotic patients with ascites

Paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) is a recently described complication that can be prevented with the administration of plasma expanders. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of saline versus albumin in the prevention of PICD. Patients were randomized to receive albumin or saline after total paracentesis. Patients readmitted as a consequence of a second episode of tense ascites were treated with total paracentesis and the alternative plasma expander. After randomization, 35 patients received saline and 37 received albumin. Twenty-one patients were readmitted for tense ascites and treated with the alternative expander. Significant increases in plasma renin activity (PRA) were found 24 hours and 6 days after paracentesis when saline was used (baseline, 5.6 ± 5.7; 24 hours, 7.6 ± 6.9; 6 days, 8.5 ± 8.0 ng · mL −1 · hr −1; P < .05 and P < .01 vs. baseline, respectively), whereas no significant changes were observed with albumin. The incidence of PICD was significantly higher in the saline group versus the albumin group (33.3% vs. 11.4%, respectively; P = .03). However, no significant differences were found when less than 6 L of ascitic fluid was evacuated (6.7% vs. 5.6% in the saline and albumin groups, respectively; P = .9). Similar results were observed when analyzing patients who received 2 consecutive paracentesis ( i.e., a significant increase in PRA after saline [ P < .01] without significant variations after albumin). In conclusion, albumin is more effective than saline in the prevention of PICD. Saline is a valid alternative to albumin when less than 6 L of ascitic fluid is evacuated. (H epatology 2003;37:1147-1153.)