Prevention Of Overcrowding Research Articles

Perceptions and practices of COVID-19 among the elderly in rural India: A cross-sectional study during the pandemic lockdown

: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly were the worst affected due to their co-morbidities and social and financial dependency. Limited access to resources contributed to the problem.: To assess the perceptions and practices regarding COVID-19 in the elderly attending the outpatient department of a government hospital and to assess the socio-cultural problems faced by the geriatric population due to the change in social situation as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an interviewer administered schedule to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of COVID-19 among 124 elderly who visited the hospital in the study period for various reasons. : The mean age of the subjects was 67.65 years +/- 7.04. Hypertension and diabetes were present among 40.8% and 32.0% respectively. Awareness of common symptoms of COVID-19 was present among 80.6%, awareness of mode of spread among 79.8% and preventive measures among 97.5%. Knowledge of mask as a preventive measure was present among 49.2% of the subjects, reusing the masks was done by 94.3% and covering both nose and mouth was performed by only 57.2%. 78.2% firmly believed that treatment for the disease does not exist. 71.0% felt that social distancing is difficult to accomplish. Vaccine hesitancy was also an important factor unearthed by our study.: Our study found that most of the elderly attending the outpatient clinic were aware of government recommended guidelines concerning COVID -19 safety precautions, but were not following them as per recommendations. We recommend a three-pronged model addressing the issues of citizens, raising awareness on guidelines of COVID-19 prevention and prevention of overcrowding.

Prevention of Transmission of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease is caused by an RNA VIRUS, sars-cov-2. It has become a global pandemic. With no defined treatment modality or vaccine prevention becomes the mainstay in control of this pandemic. The spread of this disease is through contact, aerosol, fomites etc. It can be prevented with the help of social distancing, hand hygiene , respiratory hygiene and strict isolation of cases. This article deals with various interventions to stop the spread of coronavirus disease.
 The outbreak of this pandemic started inHunan seafood market place, Wuhan, China. No preventive measures were taken by the Chinese authorities which led to the outbreak of this deadly disease. Human to human transmission could have been easily prevented by simple measures like quarantine , isolation etc but due to utter negligence and no proper preventive strategy this pandemic happened. The responsible thing that can be done to control the spread of this disease is prevention. Prevention is also necessary till proper treatment strategies and medicine gets approved. Research is still going on throughout the world by experts in this field to control this pandemic. Although the case fatality rate of covid 19 is still low that is less then 1.5% still it proves to be a huge disease burden in todays situation. The old and deblititated should be more careful. Prevention of this disease can only be done with the proper use of masks, hand washing and sanitization, prevention of overcrowding , proper quarantine norms, early testing and isolation of cases.

Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Keller–Segel model for chemotaxis with prevention of overcrowding

This paper deals with the Keller–Segel chemotaxis model of parabolic–elliptic type with the volume-filling effect studied by Burger et al (2006 The Keller–Segel model for chemotaxis with prevention of overcrowding: linear versus nonlinear diffusion SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38 1288–315). In their discussion on the large time asymptotic behaviour of solutions, the diffusion rate of ρ (the density of cells) had to be assumed to be large with . While for the nonlinear diffusion model, it was proved that the asymptotic behaviour of solutions is fully determined by the diffusion constant being larger or smaller than the threshold value ε = 1. The same ‘large ε-restriction’ was also made for studying the parallel parabolic–parabolic model in Di Francesco and Rosado (2008 Fully parabolic Keller–Segel model for chemotaxis with prevention of overcrowding Nonlinearity 21 2715–30), where it was pointed out that ‘Whether this condition is necessary to have large time decay (and consequently a self-similar behaviour) for ρ is still an open problem even in the (simpler) parabolic–elliptic case’. The aim of the paper is to answer this problem for the parabolic–elliptic model. We prove the mentioned time decay estimate without the restriction . The main technique used in this paper is the Lp-Lq estimate method.

On a doubly nonlinear diffusion model of chemotaxis with prevention of overcrowding

AbstractThis paper addresses the existence and regularity of weak solutions for a fully parabolic model of chemotaxis, with prevention of overcrowding, that degenerates in a two‐sided fashion, including an extra nonlinearity represented by a p‐Laplacian diffusion term. To prove the existence of weak solutions, a Schauder fixed‐point argument is applied to a regularized problem and the compactness method is used to pass to the limit. The local Hölder regularity of weak solutions is established using the method of intrinsic scaling. The results are a contribution to showing, qualitatively, to what extent the properties of the classical Keller–Segel chemotaxis models are preserved in a more general setting. Some numerical examples illustrate the model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fully parabolic Keller–Segel model for chemotaxis with prevention of overcrowding

In this paper we study a fully parabolic version of the Keller–Segel system in the presence of a volume filling effect which prevents blow-up of the L∞ norm. This effect is sometimes referred to as prevention of overcrowding. As in the parabolic–elliptic version of this model (previously studied in (Burger et al 2006 SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38 1288–315)), the results in this paper basically infer that the combination of the prevention of the overcrowding effect with a linear diffusion for the density of cells implies domination of the diffusion effect for large times. In particular, first we show that both the density of cells and the concentration of the chemical vanish uniformly for large times, then we prove that the density of cells converges in L1 towards the Gaussian profile of the heat equation as time goes to infinity, at a rate which differs from the rate of convergence to self-similarity for the heat equation by an arbitrarily small constant (‘quasi-sharp rate’).

The Keller–Segel Model for Chemotaxis with Prevention of Overcrowding: Linear vs. Nonlinear Diffusion

The aim of this paper is to discuss the effects of linear and nonlinear diffusion in the large time asymptotic behavior of the Keller–Segel model of chemotaxis with volume filling effect. In the linear diffusion case we provide several sufficient conditions for the diffusion part to dominate and yield decay to zero solutions. We also provide an explicit decay rate towards self–similarity. Moreover, we prove that no stationary solutions with positive mass exist. In the nonlinear diffusion case we prove that the asymptotic behavior is fully determined by whether the diffusivity constant in the model is larger or smaller than the threshold value $\varepsilon =1$. Below this value we have existence of nondecaying solutions and their convergence (along subsequences) to stationary solutions. For $\varepsilon >1$ all compactly supported solutions are proved to decay asymptotically to zero, unlike in the classical models with linear diffusion, where the asymptotic behavior depends on the initial mass.

Global attractor for a chemotaxis model with prevention of overcrowding

Global attractor for a chemotaxis model with prevention of overcrowding

Global attractor for a chemotaxis model with prevention of overcrowding

Chemotaxis model with volume filling, introduced by Painter and Hillen is studied under no-flux or Dirichlet boundary conditions. Existence of global-in-time solution to a full model is proved. For some cases existence of a global attractor in the space W 1 , p ( Ω , R 2 ) , p > n , Ω ⊂ R n is shown.

Global Existence for a Parabolic Chemotaxis Model with Prevention of Overcrowding

In this paper we study a version of the Keller–Segel model where the chemotactic cross-diffusion depends on both the external signal and the local population density. A parabolic quasi-linear strongly coupled system follows. By incorporation of a population-sensing (or “quorum-sensing”) mechanism, we assume that the chemotactic response is switched off at high cell densities. The response to high population densities prevents overcrowding, and we prove local and global existence in time of classical solutions. Numerical simulations show interesting phenomena of pattern formation and formation of stable aggregates. We discuss the results with respect to previous analytical results on the Keller–Segel model.

The significance of the abattoir in salmonella infection in Bradford.

1. During the years 1954–56 large number of salmonellae, comprising six sero-types and a number of Salm. typhi-murium phage types, were isolated at the Bradford abattoir.2. Most of the cultures were derived from pigs; the animals presented no sign of clinical illness.3. Human salmonella infections in Bradford over the same period were closely related to the abattoir findings.4. It seems probable that individual pigs are infected on the farms and when brought to the abattoir may infect others in the lairages.5. Limiting the duration of stay in the lairages and prevention of overcrowding may substantially reduce the proportion of animals found infected at slaughter.We wish to express our thanks to Dr John Douglas, Medical Officer of Health, Bradford, for his interest and encouragement in this investigation and to Mr F. H. Myres, Mr J. Noble, Mr E. Root and Mr R. Butterfield of the Bradford Health Department for their enthusiastic help. Thanks are also due to Dr Joan Taylor and Dr E. S. Anderson and staffs of the Salmonella and Central Enteric Reference Laboratories, Colindale, for their assistance in typing Salmonellae, and to a number of our colleagues who have kindly read the script and offered valuable criticisms.

THE PROPHYLACTIC VALUE OF SULFADIAZINE

From Jan. 1, 1943 to April 30, 1943 more than 1,300 cases of meningococcic meningitis occurred among military personnel in the Fourth Service Command. During this period the attack rate for the disease varied widely from post to post. In some installations only sporadic cases were found; in others the number of cases reached epidemic proportions. Generally speaking, however, the disease was more prevalent in stations where large numbers of recently inducted men were assembled for training purposes. The customary control measures employed during outbreaks of meningococcic meningitis include quarantine, prevention of overcrowding, protection from fatigue and exposure, and the prompt hospitalization or isolation of all cases of common respiratory illnesses. It is admitted, however, that these measures are only partially effective and, under conditions of active military training, can be properly applied only with considerable difficulty. It seemed desirable, therefore, to seek additional means of controlling this disease, particularly