Prevention Of Organised Crime Research Articles

Причинный комплекс и направления профилактики организованной преступности

This article discusses the determinants of organized crime and measures to prevent it. To date, the need to implement comprehensive measures aimed at preventing organized crime is obvious. This is pointed out by many experts, including those in the field of criminological science. The paper analyzes various points of view of legal scholars on this topic with the presentation of alternative views of representatives of criminological science on the designated problem.
 The authors focuses on a comparative analysis of organized crime statistics from 2018 to the present.This is especially true when the development of rule-making activity in connection with the demands of the Russian society and global trends reaches a new level and many controversial situations arise. Based on a comparative analysis, the article attempts to streamline the author’s and scientific positions on the prevention of organized crime.
 The author’s opinion is substantiated on the issue of the relationship between the actual causes and conditions of organized crime and the prevention of this type of crime, conclusions are drawn regarding the prospects for the development of the institutions under consideration for criminological science.

Prevention of organized crime as a means of ensuring the national security of the state

Prevention of organized crime as a means of ensuring the national security of the state

The National police of Ukraine as a subject of organized crime prevention

The National police of Ukraine as a subject of organized crime prevention

INFLUENCE OF THE PERFORMANCE OF NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE IN PREVENTION OF ORGANIZED CRIMES IN MOMBASA COUNTY, KENYA

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on influence of the Performance of National Police Service in Prevention of organized Crimes in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study was necessitated by continued rise of criminal gangs despite police service efforts to contain the problem. The study was guided by three specific objectives, but for this paper first and second objectives will be discussed. First, the examined the influence of resource capacity on the performance of national police service in prevention of organized crimes in Mombasa County. Secondly, the study examined the influence of motivation on the performance of national police service in prevention of organized crimes. Thirdly, the last objective assessed the influence of external environment on the performance of National Police Service in prevention of organized crimes in Mombasa County, Kenya. The survey utilized Expectancy theory and Crime Pattern Theory and adopted a descriptive research design employing a mixed method paradigm.
 The study sample size comprised 306 National Police Service officers (NPS); Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) officers, Kenya Police service (KP), and Administration Police (AP) officers both senior and junior. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis derived from the study objectives. On the other hand, quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. According to the findings, 17% of the police officers still undertake operations without intelligence briefing, and that despite the availability of criminal intelligence. Besides, access to criminal intelligence was still a major challenge to 45% of the officers while inter-agency coordination was a rare part of the fight against organized crime to 56% of the officers who were not involved. The findings also revealed that despite the importance of training towards the prevention of organized crime, 33% of police officers did not have access to these trainings. Furthermore, 53% of the officers, cited lack of recognition and motivation that could go a long way in raising performance of the police officers. The study makes two major recommendations; special attention to training and curriculum review that addresses the demands of emerging global security challenges. Secondly, officer’s welfare remains a thorny issue which can potentially stifle any crime prevention initiative. Welfare issues of concern such as merit and fairness in promotions, rewards and other incentives, and better compensation were said to be an integral part of any serious police reform agenda.

Criminological and Forensic Aspects of Selected Areas of Organized Crime in Poland

<p><span lang="EN-US">The article presents a criminological and forensic analysis of selected forms of contemporary organized crime in Poland, with particular emphasis on criminal terror, human trafficking, car crime, money laundering and cross-border crime. The study indicates the most important methods used by offenders in the analyzed areas from the perspective of criminology and forensics. The article aims at presenting the phenomenology (also known as symptomatology) of organized crime, including the dynamics and structure of crime in general, the methods of committing particular crimes and some elements of how the criminal world is organized. The author also points to the etiology of the characterized criminal activities. Among others, the reports on the activities of the Central Police Investigation Bureau have been used during the research. As a result of the analysis, several remarks have been formulated. First of all, the character of the presented forms of organized crime in Poland changes with time. Secondly, groups that demonstrate strictly criminal activities are still present in the public space. Thirdly, crime becomes more interdisciplinary and the criminal groups enter new areas of criminal activities. The article may form a contribution to further research in this area, including especially the development of effective mechanisms for the prevention of organized crime.</span></p>

CRIMINOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF PREVENTION OF ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITY AT ENTERPRISES, INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS

The main factors of prevention of organized criminal activity at enterprises, establishments, and organizations are investigated in the article. In criminological theory and practice, the prevention of organized crime is seen as a special kind of social activity to prevent crime by identifying, eliminating and neutralizing the causes that give rise to them and the conditions that contribute to them. As a holistic integrative system for combating crime, which unites the efforts of different social institutions of society, prevention of organized crime of enterprises, institutions, organizations should be carried out both at the general social and special criminological levels. The importance of combating organized crime should not lead to the emergence of “special” criminal processes, to the weakening of criminal procedural safeguards. The problem today is the problem of protection of law enforcement officials, provocation, compromise, involvement in criminal activity – not all the list of means used by criminals to block the actions of law enforcement agencies. In addition, many staff members of these bodies have to work in the context of increased professional risk. In this regard, it is necessary to develop as soon as possible recommendations and proposals on the legal and social protection of law enforcement officers. The effectiveness of measures of special criminological prevention of organized crime largely depends on the completeness of the implementation of the main provisions: implementation and compliance with the Laws of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” of 27 October 2011, “On Operational Investigation Activities”, “On National Police”, “About the Security Service of Ukraine”, “About the Prosecutor’s Office”, etc. A real assessment of the situation shows that organized crime has affected many areas of social life. Without effective measures to combat it, it is impossible to further improve social relations. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop a national program to combat organized crime. It should be emphasized that much attention is paid in this article to the legal boundaries of the subjects and objects of prevention. State and specialized subjects of crime prevention in metallurgical complex are considered.

The development of crime and its impact on the educational and ethical processes in Europe

The development of crime in the current world is taking unprecedented proportions. This is the reason why in our article we want to point out which types of crime have been developing and affecting the countries of Europe and the educational process particularly of the young generation in them. At the same time, we are focusing on the ways by which prevention of organized crime should be developed and how helpful bringing up and education of young people – e.g. in the field of Ethical Education, but also Lifelong Learning of people can be. Through Ethical Education we point out to the fact how much bringing up and education should influence the young generation and its preparation for life.

Principles of the administrative and legal mechanisms of the organized crime prevention

Principles of the administrative and legal mechanisms of the organized crime prevention

Big Data as a Modern Criminological Method of Studying and Measuring Organized Crime

The paper is devoted to the study, measurement and assessment of organized crime in Russia, and to researching the possibility of using «big data» to analyze crime. As the task of counteracting crime is getting more and more complicated, it becomes necessary to reconsider both the traditional methods of researching crime, and the possibilities of going beyond the boundaries of such methods. The existing forms of state statistical reporting reflect only certain crimes committed by organized criminal groups and, in exceptional cases — by criminal communities. The use of official state statistics to measure the level of organized crime leads to numerous distortions in its evaluation. In some cases, all it can do is indicate the trend. There is no assessment of the actual condition of this criminological problem due to a high complexity of measurements, of choosing the technique of information collection and analysis, as well as the theoretical model of predicting organized crime, forecasting its future trends and regularities. In the last decade, the countries where digital technologies are developing actively have witnessed an intensified interest to the use of computing and intellectual methods of analyzing organized crime. The main achievement of science is that there is a widespread understanding among criminologists involved in research that the existing instruments, methods and programs for the intellectual analysis of structured and unstructured data are sufficient for the transition to computational criminology. «Big data» have a special place in the structure of information technologies. The development of data collection and analysis technologies makes it possible to measure criminality at a conceptually new level. A significant growth in the volume of data, the sources and dissemination tools of which are social objects, leads to the establishment of new technologies of processing the information on crimes. The presented article shows the necessity of using a large volume of structured and unstructured data to study and evaluate qualitative parameters of organized crime. This presents considerable opportunities for using «big data» to predict the trends of future changes in organized crime, as well as for applying new technologies to the theory and practice of preventing organized crime. The prediction and prevention of organized crime are considered to be rather difficult, and sometimes impossible when it concerns finding empirical proof and, moreover, obtaining prediction verification of some or other concept. Consequently, up to now traditional research approaches have not been effective in the sphere of researching organized crime. Meanwhile, law enforcement bodies need knowledge on the structure of crime, on the emergence of new forms of organizing criminal groups, on changes in criminal behavior connected with the technologies of the new technological revolution, etc.

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN COUNTERING (PREVENTING) ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM: SPECIAL LAW ENFORCEMENT BODIES AND STRATEGIC PRIORITIES

The aim of the article is the analysis of countering organized crime in the financial system in Ukraine and abroad, as well as the development of concrete proposals to optimize the legislative provision of such activities by special international law enforcement agencies in connection with countering crimes in the financial system committed by organized groups and criminal organizations. The subject of the study is an organized crime in the financial system: foreign experience. Methodology. The analysis of legal regulations of Ukraine, the EU, and the USA, as well as scientific literature, enables to study the state of affairs in combating organized groups, which commit economic crimes, and define strategic priorities and objectives of countering this socially negative phenomenon in Ukraine. The results of the study reveal that the implementation of foreign experience in the national economic development faces a number of key economic challenges, primarily organized crime, that hinder the national economy improvement. The author determines that a comprehensive organized crime coping strategy in the financial system is needed currently. Practical implications. The study determines that the issue of countering organized crime in the financial system has become international over the last few decades, overstepping the boundaries of individual countries or regions and gaining global significance. The world community recognizes that organized crime in the financial system has become a global threat to economic security that requires states to adopt measures agreed to combat this socially dangerous activity, both nationally and internationally. Relevance/ originality. The study reveals the status of the economic system development in Ukraine, as well as further improves identifying of effective trends of organized crime prevention in the financial system of Ukraine, taking into account positive foreign experience.

Three concepts of intelligence communication: awareness, advice or co-production?

ABSTRACTCommunication aimed at the public has been an almost absent topic in intelligence studies. This is despite a growing recognition of the importance of communicating towards the public in preventive security, counterterrorism, cyber security and organized crime prevention. This article attends to the practice of communicating intelligence to the public. It does so in order to show the diversity of communication practices in Western intelligence today. By investigating how the intelligence community communicates about ‘communication’ to the public, the article identifies three different concepts of communication, that each exposes different understandings of the public and democratic concerns.

The European Union and the Police of the EU Member States in the Beginning of the 21st Century: Some Results and Prospects

Some results of the European Union development over the last decade are considered. At this background the organization of the police activities in the EU member states to engage the non-governmental non-commercial organizations, other community structures in combating crime in Europe is analyzed. At that, the basic objective of the EU countries police cooperation is ensuring the high level of personal protection and security for the European citizens. Some new crime prevention approaches of the police in the EU member states, particularly, “community policing”, “neighbor policing”, etc., are analyzed. Special characteristics and national specific features of criminal policy and of the sphere of the transnational organized crime prevention in several European states are studied. The study involved multiple and diverse information sources, including, primarily, normative legal documents of the European Union and of its governing structures, guidelines on the police functioning both in the European Union as a hole and in its particular member states. The legal normative documents of another European body, namely, of the Council of Europe are analyzed as well. Also, some results and prospects of international cooperation within the EU framework and beyond to overcome both national and transnational crime are considered. Keywords: Community, Crime, Governing System, International Cooperation, Non-Governmental Non-Commercial Organizations, Police, The European Commission, The European Union

The European Union and the Police of the EU Member States in the Beginning of the 21st Century: Some Results and Prospects

Some results of the European Union development over the last decade are considered. At this background the organization of the police activities in the EU member states to engage the non-governmental non-commercial organizations, other community structures in combating crime in Europe is analyzed. At that, the basic objective of the EU countries police cooperation is ensuring the high level of personal protection and security for the European citizens. Some new crime prevention approaches of the police in the EU member states, particularly, “community policing”, “neighbor policing”, etc., are analyzed. Special characteristics and national specific features of criminal policy and of the sphere of the transnational organized crime prevention in several European states are studied. The study involved multiple and diverse information sources, including, primarily, normative legal documents of the European Union and of its governing structures, guidelines on the police functioning both in the European Union as a hole and in its particular member states. The legal normative documents of another European body, namely, of the Council of Europe are analyzed as well. Also, some results and prospects of international cooperation within the EU framework and beyond to overcome both national and transnational crime are considered.

Economic Criminal Acts according to Criminal Code of Republic of Kosovo

This article analyses the criminal offences against economy in the Criminal Code of Kosovo, which are increasingly becoming an important object of study, both at national and international levels. The criminal offences against economy are in principle blanket nature offences, guiding nature, since the vast majority of such norms are further delineated in other bylaws, while the criminal code provisions provide on criminal offences, thereby guiding towards another legal or sub-legal provision. Economic and financial crimes in Kosovo are already making a remarkable increase, as proven by statistical records of state authorities. The increased rate of economic crimes is a result of many factors and circumstances present in Kosovo, which may be different from regional countries. The inefficient fight and prevention of organized crime and corruption in the period between 1999-2010 was stimulated and favoured by several specific factors that are elaborated in this article.

Organized Crime in Kazakhstan: State and Solutions

The article deals with the problem of organized crime in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Currently, organized crime is a major factor of the political and socio-economic instability of the state. One of the reasons of the circumstances existing in the field of combating organized crime is the insufficient scientific analysis of the problem, the lack of clear ideas about the strategy and ideology of the fight, as well as legal, criminological, forensic, and investigation concepts for identification, detection, investigation, and prevention of organized crime. In writing this report, the author pursued the following objectives: to review and analyze current issues related to organized crime; to justify the need to improve the measures for combating organized crime based on the analysis of the international experience and the views of scientists. As a result of the research, the author has come to the following conclusions: improvement of measures for combating organized crime needs solving a number of organizational and legal issues. They include development of a unified government strategy to combat organized crime, involvement of the whole society in the struggle against this crime, as well as the study and implementation of the international experience. When developing a domestic regulatory act for combating organized crime under the criminal law, one should rely on some of the key ideas contained in the RICO Act. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s3p329

Limits to Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Gjensidige Insurance Company and Hells Angels Motorcycle Club

The purpose of this paper is to explore the limits to corporate social responsibility (CSR) by presenting and discussing the case of Gjensidige Insurance Company and its efforts to contribute to organized crime prevention. On the basis of a stage model for CSR, this paper argues that the Gjensidige case might be found at the most advanced maturity level, which is the contribution stage of proactive involvement in society. At this final maturity level, corporate executives as well as all other organizational members perceive their business as part of a greater course in society. They take on a comprehensive and active responsibility in the local as well as global society, and they look for opportunities in society where the company can make a difference.

Comments on the special issue

IntroductionThe theoretical case for the situational prevention of organized crime (Bouloukos etal. 2003; Cornish and Clarke 2001; Felson 2006) was significantly advanced byDutch researchers, who were the first to undertake empirical studies of the situationalprevention of organized crimes (Van de Bunt and Van der Schoot 2003; Van derSchoot 2006). In the first of these studies, published by the Research and Documen-tation Centre (WODC) of the Dutch Ministry of Justice, research teams from severalEuropean countries were enlisted to examine police records of prosecuted cases oforganized crime with the goal of identifying the facilitating circumstances for eachcase and related opportunity-reducing measures. More recently, three of the 11chapters in Situational Prevention of Organized Crimes (Bullock et al. 2010) werewritten by Dutch authors. Now, the seven new studies of situational prevention oforganized crime included in this two-volume issue of Trends in Organized Crimewere all produced by researchers in the Dutch National Crime Squad. Not only arethese researchers to be congratulated, but so also are their bosses who recognized thevalue of sharing their work with the wider academic community.Avoiding distractionsOne of the major strengths of this volume is the authors avoided the six majordistractions that so often impair progress in studying organized crime:1. The Why Distraction: Engaging in endless discussion about “why they do this,”when most organized crime is simply a way to make money.

Thinking about Organized Crime Prevention

Crime fighting heroics associated with “get tough” approaches to traditional organized crime policing are not working. Aggressive enforcement measures aimed at detection, seizure, and confiscation of assets, and prosecution of offenders are not substantially hurting organized criminal enterprises or diminishing the overall threat of organized crime. This article discusses this lack of effectiveness and locates it within the context of global economic integration. It then explores selected facets of the interdependence between organized and traditional crime, and the potential of crime prevention to more effectively tackle organized crime. The article concludes with steps toward an effective and sustainable program of organized crime prevention.

Cooperative Action in Organized Crime Control

Mr. Smith received his B.A. degree with honors from Yale University in 1951, and M.P.A. degree from Syracuse University in 1953. He served for three years in the Army Counter Intelligence Corps, and since then has served in state government positions in Connecticut, Maryland, Indiana and New York. From 1965 to 1967, as Assistant Deputy Director for Systems Planning and Research, he supervised the initial definition studies for an organized crime intelligence capability for the New York State Identification and Intelligence System. During this period he was also principal recorder for the Oyster Bay Conferences on Crime. He has been a consultant to the Indianapolis and Chicago Police Departments, and has served as Visiting Associate Professor of Police Science at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, presenting the seminar on Organized Crime in America. In this paper, Mr. Smith reviews some research into the organization of organized crime control, undertaken in 1966-67 by the New York State Identification and Intelligence System. He identifies some unexplored and unanswered questions that concern the problems of cooperative planning and action against organized crime, and suggests how these questions may affect the activities of a State organized crime prevention council established under the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1967. Mr. Smith is presently Director of Institutional Research at the State University of New York at Albany.