Prevention Of Occupational Accidents Research Articles

Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Occupational Diseases with Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms: Different Sector Applications

Abstract − The Occupational health and safety is a discipline that prevents work accidents and occupational diseases with a proactive method. For employee health, countries have legal responsibilities within the scope of international conventions, and employers have national responsibilities. It is obligatory for employers to carry out risk assessments, provide occupational safety trainings, carry out inspections, employ occupational safety specialists and workplace physicians, and record all work regard work safety. In countries, inspections are carried out with labor inspectors and private companies provide occupational safety services. However, it is difficult for the authorities to monitor occupational safety in large industrial facilities such as petrochemicals and refineries, where the flow of workers, materials and work equipment is too much and very fast. As workplace capacity, number of employees and material flow increase, the type and number of work accidents and occupational diseases also increase. Artificial intelligence technologies facilitate these follow-ups. The purpose of this article is to investigate the proactive prevention of the factors that cause work accidents and occupational diseases with supervised machine learning algorithms in different sectors. A literature search was conducted on sciencedirect, scopus, googlescholar databases. It has been examined what kind of algorithms are used in which sectors. According to the studies in the literature and applications in different sectors, the data collected with sensors and stored with cloud computing are fed to the relevant supervised machine learning algorithms that have been trained and tested before, and the factors that cause work accidents and occupational diseases are determined in advance. In addition to sound, image, health, location and environment data, physical parameters such as distance, level and pressure are monitored instantly with sensors. Managers are warned when a dangerous situation or behavior is detected in and threshold values are exceeded. In addition to employee and vehicle location tracking, predictive maintenance is provided by monitoring the performance of work and production vehicles. With the decrease in occupational accidents and diseases, occupational safety performance increases and costs decrease.

Leveraging YOLO Models for Safety Equipment Detection on Construction Sites

Occupational safety encompasses a range of practices adopted to protect the health and safety of employees. In the construction and industrial sectors, employees may be exposed to various risks such as falls, impacts, temperature changes and the effects of chemical substances. For this reason, personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important element for protecting employees against risks. The effective use of equipment such as a hardhat, mask, and vest makes an important contribution to the prevention of occupational accidents and health problems by ensuring the safety of employees. This study conducted three separate experiments investigating the potential of deep learning methods on occupational safety. In the first experiment, the YOLOv5n and YOLOv8n models were trained on the same data set with ten classes, and their performance was compared. In the second experiment, the YOLOv8n model was trained on a 2-class dataset to examine how the number of classes affected the model's performance. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that it emphasized the potential of deep learning and object detection methods to quickly and effectively monitor and evaluate the use of personal protective equipment.

Study on causative model of acute occupational poisoning accidents based on interpretative structural model-Bayesian network

Objective: To further study the causes of acute occupational poisoning accidents, and to provide scientific basis and decision support for the prevention of accidents in advance. Methods: From September 2022 to May 2023, the literature was searched and 232 cases of acute occupational poisoning cases occurred from 2013 to 2022 were collected. The causal nodes of the accident were determined according to the expert score, and the interpretative structural model (ISM) was used to construct the correlation model between the causal nodes to obtain the hierarchical relationship between the factors. The influence of each causal node on the occurrence of acute occupational poisoning accidents was studied by using Bayesian network (BN), and the relationship and influence among the causal nodes were analyzed by Netica 5.18 software to establish the pre-prevention model of acute occupational poisoning accidents and identify the key causal factors. Results: A total of 23, 203, and 6 cases of significant, large, and medium acute occupational poisoning accidents were included, of which 179, 29, and 24 cases were asphyxiating gas, irritating gas, and mixed gas, respectively. ISM of acute occupational poisoning accidents divided the causal factors into a 7-layer and 3-level hierarchical structure model. Among them, operation conditions, protective measures, ventilation equipment, hidden trouble investigation, emergency management, illegal operation, equipment and facilities, and blind rescue were the direct causes of the occurrence and expansion of accidents. Warning devices, inspection situation, safety education situation, safety operation procedures, and technology in the production process were indirect influences that lead to the occurrence and expansion of accidents. Safety production responsibility system, enterprise supervision and management and government supervision were the deep-rooted influences. BN reasoning showed that the maximum probability causal chain of acute occupational poisoning accidents was as follows: safety production responsibility system→enterprise supervision and management→safety education and training→protective measures→accident occurrence. The key factors leading to the occurrence of acute occupational poisoning accidents were inadequate protective measures, equipment and facility failures, operational errors, ventilation equipment not being used properly and improper emergency management. Conclusion: In the prevention of acute occupational poisoning accidents, it is necessary to correctly use protective measures, test equipment and facilities before operation, operate according to regulations, ensure the normal use of ventilation equipment, and strengthen emergency management, so as to reduce the incidence of acute occupational poisoning accidents.

A model based on PDCA and data mining approach for the prevention of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector.

Occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector in developing countries have high rates of work absenteeism. The productivity of enterprises is heavily influenced by it. To propose a model based on the Plan, Do, Check, and Act cycle and data mining for the prevention of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. This cross-sectional study was administered on a total of 200 male technical workers in plumbing. It considers biological, biomechanical, chemical, and, physical risk factors. Three data mining algorithms were compared: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Decision Trees, classifying the occurrences occupational accident. The model was validated considering 20% of the data collected, maintaining the same proportion between accidents and non-accidents. The model was applied to data collected from the last 17 years of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in a Colombian construction company. The results showed that, in 90.5% of the cases, the decision tree classifier (J48) correctly identified the possible cases of occupational accidents with the biological, chemical, and, biomechanical, risk factors training variables applied in the model. The results of this study are promising in that the model is efficient in predicting the occurrence of an occupational accident in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. For the accidents identified and the associated causes, a plan of measures to mitigate the risk of occupational accidents is proposed.

The Importance of Early Warnings in Occupational Accident Prevention: Leading Indicators

Bu çalışmada, günümüz güvenlik bilimi teori ve pratiğinde git gide artan bir önem kazanan öncü göstergeler ele alınmıştır. Öncü güvenlik göstergelerinin işyerlerinde etkin kullanımının ve iş güvenliği performansının temel bir unsuru olarak değerlendirilmesinin gerekliliği belirtilerek iş kazalarını önlemedeki katkısının vurgulanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda makale üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde sistem yaklaşımı başta olmak üzere iş güvenliğindeki güncel eğilimlere kısaca değinilmiş, ardından gecikmeli ve öncü göstergeler tanımlanarak aralarındaki farklar incelenmiştir. Devam eden bölümlerde ise uluslararası iş sağlığı ve güvenliği otoritelerinden öncü gösterge önerilerine ve literatürde farklı sektörler için yapılan saha çalışmalarından örneklere yer verilmiştir. En fazla atıf yapılan öncü göstergelerden iş güvenliği liderliği, çalışan katılımı, güvenlik iletişimi, risk kontrol yöntemlerinin izlenmesi, ekipman bakım ve onarımları, çalışanların yaptıkları işe uygunluğu, eğitimler ve iş güvenliği bilinci gibi başlıkların altı çizilmiştir. Modern güvenlik biliminin başlıca yaklaşımlarından biri görünümündeki “işler yolunda giderken” de iş güvenliği performansının ölçülmesi ve bu doğrultuda önleyici tedbirlerin belirlenmesi çalışmalarına, etkin kullanılan öncü göstergelerin önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Towards a safety climate framework to improve communication and worker involvement in occupational accident prevention at construction sites in Zimbabwe

Towards a safety climate framework to improve communication and worker involvement in occupational accident prevention at construction sites in Zimbabwe

Retrospective Evaluation of Patients with Traumatic Hand Injuries

Objective: This study aimed to retrospectively examine the demographic, etiologic, and clinical characteristics of patients with traumatic hand-wrist injuries and to profile patients with the goal of contributing to preventive measures and protective programs. Methods: The records of 225 patients who came to the Hand Rehabilitation Unit of our clinic with a traumatic hand injury in the last 5 years were reviewed retrospectively. Many parameters were recorded, including demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and occupation, as well as information about the injured hand, dominant hand, type of injury, injured tendon and zone, number of affected fingers, and associated structures. Results: The study included 225 patients. Tendon injuries occurred most frequently in the 3rd decade. Of the injuries, 31.1% were caused by occupational accidents and 55.1% occurred in the dominant hand. Of the tendon injuries, 64% were flexor tendon injuries and 32.4% were extensor tendon injuries. Extensor Digitorum Communis (EDC)-3 tendons were involved in 11.6% of extensor tendon injuries, and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)-4/Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)-5 tendons were involved in 18.2% of flexor tendon injuries. In nerve injuries, median and ulnar nerves were equally affected (14.2%). Conclusion: Tendon injuries primarily affect young male workers, resulting in significant disability and an inability to work. Epidemiologic data can expand our knowledge about injury patterns. Occupational training and the prevention of occupational accidents can help patients improve their functional capacity and minimize their economic burden.

Implementing Work Safety Based on the Positive Psychological Approach of Qur'an

Background: Work safety is urgently needed in the workplace. Occupational safety includes physical and psychological. The concept of occupational safety focuses not only on the safety of the body but also on the state of mind and ruhani by using concepts that are in the Qur 'an with a psychological approach. So with the concept of safety work, accidents in the work world can be prevented as much as possible. Aim: The purpose of this study is to know the concept of occupational safety based on positive psychology of the Qur’an. Method: As for the methods used in this study are qualitative methods and library research, thematic and sampling. The study used a psychological approach to figure out the psychological concepts in the Qur 'an to bring up theories of occupational safety the Qur 'an's perspective. Findings: This study has shown that occupational safety focuses not only on the use of physical security but on every work related to such things as society policy, rules, mental preparation, increased human resource capacity (human resources), into specific ways by carrying out certain traditions to achieve work safety. In the Qur 'an, there is the word "amil" that leads to the prevention of occupational accidents. "Amil" can mean a measure of good, fair, and virtuous.

Proposal for an epidemiological surveillance program for the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases in workers exposed to carbon dioxide (CO2) at a Venezuelan brewing company

Introduction: In manufacturing companies, specifically in the brewery, there are processes that involve the handling and use of chemical agents, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), this is the reason why workers are exposed to this agent. In the studied company, an accident was caused by exposure to this substance. Objective: To propose an epidemiological surveillance program for the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases in workers exposed to carbon dioxide (CO2) in a Venezuelan brewery. Methods: A qualitative-quantitative, field, descriptive, feasible project-type research was carried out, with the epidemiological surveillance program as the unit of analysis. Documentary review, direct observation and the interview were used as data collection techniques, and the observation guide, the sociodemographic form and the field diary were used as instruments. Results: The machine room has 18 workers, which shows that the workforce is composed of men over 40 years of age. Among the main causes of consultation of workers to the medical service are headache with 24.1%, followed by fatigue with 20.6% and then dizziness with 13.7%. Conclusion: We propose an Epidemiological Surveillance Program aimed at machine room workers exposed to Carbon Dioxide (CO2), since there is no system that collects complete information on the working conditions and health of its workers, thus failing to comply with the legal framework governing the subject.

Le mode de financement de la CNESST comme vecteur de la prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles : qu’en est-il réellement ?

Ce texte s’appuie sur une analyse de la littérature et sur l’historique législatif et parlementaire. Il a comme objectif d’examiner le concept de prévention et son lien avec les mécanismes de financement de la CNESST mis en place au Québec. Le présent texte tracera d’abord l’évolution historique du financement du régime de santé et de sécurité du travail au Québec. Il sera ensuite question du concept de prévention et de sa mobilisation dans le cadre de débats parlementaires pour justifier les transformations du régime de financement, plus particulièrement celles ayant eu lieu au tournant des années 1990. Dans la dernière partie du texte, il sera question des effets de la personnalisation de la cotisation qui ont été soulevés dans la littérature. En effet, il appert que l’efficacité de la cotisation personnalisée comme incitation à la prévention ne fait l’objet que d’une preuve modérée, et ce bien que ce concept ait été largement mobilisé afin de justifier la tangente prise par les gouvernements à l’égard du régime de financement au fil des années. Par ailleurs, il est possible de croire que la personnalisation de la cotisation est susceptible de générer chez les employeurs des comportements qui s’avèrent contradictoires avec le principe de prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, notamment par une externalisation des risques et des coûts et par une contestation accrue des réclamations.

Information management in the area of occupational health and safety for the prevention of occupational accidents in companies

Objective: to analyze the culture and control of occupational health and safety management to reduce occupational accidents among workers in companies in the city of Juliaca-Puno, 2022. Methods: a non-experimental transectional design was used, based on a quantitative, basic and descriptive methodology. The sample consisted of 200 workers to whom a questionnaire was applied. As for the statistical data analysis, SPSS V.26 software was used. Results: the predominant economic activity is commerce (59%), with activities in the administrative area (53%). In addition, safety and hygiene induction was 61.5%, knowledge of occupational hazards 57%, induction in the handling of machinery and equipment 70.5%, safe working environment 55.5%, while training on industrial safety and hygiene 61.5% and control measures or sanctions for non-compliance 46.5%, are applied some. Conclusions: The culture and control of occupational health and safety management for the prevention of occupational hazards in companies in Juliaca are insufficient, due to the lack of greater training, compliance and control to promote occupational health and safety where people are exposed to various risks.

The cultural-historical development of occupational accidents and diseases prevention in France: A scoping review

This article aims to trace some of the key trends in the historical development of Occupational Accident and Disease Prevention in France. For this purpose, we have used the analytical concept of contradiction derived from the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory framework (CHAT). We consider prevention as a fragmented object shared by a network of Activity Systems (AS).We conduct a scoping review to identify contradiction hypotheses on how the French activity system of prevention of occupational accidents and diseases have evolved over time. This review includes 72 theoretical and empirical studies published between 1988 and 2019. The results obtained highlight five contradiction hypotheses related to (i) prevention and remediation, (ii) technological and occupational risks, (iii) employment and improvement of working conditions, (iv) workers’ participation or social dialogue and expertise, (v) individual and collective approaches. These contradictions have arisen over time and have emerged as symptoms of incompatibilities in the network of AS that have persisted. The paper ends with a discussion on future prospects and learning challenges for prevention.

Design of Occupational Accident Prevention System for Transportation Vehicles Based on TOF

This paper proposes a system concept to prevent work accidents caused by vehicles transporting goods within a particular space. Furthermore, the system uses image processing methods to avoid these accidents. This is meant to allow the system to calculate motion vectors for all objects in the vehicle's path, so such a design can predict possible collisions. In addition to this, additional person detection has a higher priority, enabling a two-stage warning. This way, collisions endangering people can be warned earlier than collisions with other obstacles.

Can psychological capital promote safety behaviours? A systematic review

Objectives.Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a relevant issue for many systems and stakeholders. This systematic literature review aims to expand knowledge on this topic starting from the integrated safety model (ISM) and to evaluate the role of psychological capital (PsyCap) on safety behaviours (SBs) (i.e., safety performance and prevention of occupational accidents and injuries). Methods. A total of 2704 studies was initially identified in the Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. After rigorous screening, 20 empirical studies were included. Results. The results showed the relevant contribution of PsyCap in promoting SBs as a direct antecedent, a mediator between organizational factors and SBs or a moderator between job demands and SBs. Conclusion. Findings indicate that when workers feel resourceful, they feel also more confident and engaged, and, in turn, more focused on safety issues. Moreover, the results sometimes turn out to be contradictory, showing the dark side of personal resources. Considering these results, a plan to monitor and develop PsyCap could be implemented to promote SBs and safety environment. Indeed, PsyCap can be an essential individual resource for behaving safely also by reducing job demands’ perceptions and improving safety leadership.

AUDIT FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN TURKEY. “AN ASSESSMENT REGARDING THE YEARS 2010-2018”

Effective supervision of workplaces in terms of occupational health and safety contributes significantly to the prevention of occupational accidents in many developed countries. The Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331, which entered into force in 2012 in Turkey, brought obligations to employers and employees on the subject. However, the extent to which employers and employees fulfill their responsibilities arising from the Law and related Regulations has often had to be left to the initiative of the parties, due to the insufficient number of occupational health and safety inspections carried out by the Guidance and Inspection Board. One of the important reasons why the occupational health and safety policies implemented in line with the ILO conventions and EU directives in Turkey cannot achieve the desired success in practice is the insufficient number of occupational health and safety inspections carried out in enterprises. In this study, first of all, the general view of work accidents in Turkey, work accidents occurring in risky sectors over the years and deaths as a result of work accidents will be examined. Afterwards, evaluations will be made by the Presidency of the Guidance and Inspection Board by including the number of inspections carried out in the workplaces over the years. Keywords: Occupational Accidents, Occupational Safety, Occupational Health and Safety Audit

선내안전보건 및 사고 예방에 관한 입법론적 연구

According to Korea Seafarer’s Statistical Yearbook, as of 2020, seafarers’ occupational accident rate of 9.49% was 19.4 times higher than shore workers’ occupational accident rate of 0.49% according to the Analysis of the Status of Industrial Accident in 2020 published by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, the accident rate related to safety and health on board ships is in a very serious level. In addition, the accident rate of Korean seafarers of 11.24% (as of 2019) is 6.8 times higher than the accident rate of Japanese seafarers of 1.66% (as of 2019). This suggests that it is urgent to improve legislation related to seafarers’ accidents to reduce the accident rate of seafarers in the Republic of Korea. To raise the level of safety and health on board ships for the prevention of occupational accidents of seafarers, it is preferentially necessary to improve related legislation. Legislation for the protection of shore workers has been completed through the full revision of “Occupation Safety and Health Acts” while there are institutional gaps, like the lack of standards for safety and health on board ships for seafarers. Thus, it is necessary to seek institutional legal measures for reducing the high accident rate of seafarers. However, in order to improve standards for safety and health on board ships for the prevention of occupational accidents of seafarers, not only the improvement of related legislation is important but also the roles of shipowners and seafarers who comply with them are important. In particular, to prevent the occupational accident of seafarers, shipowners shall comply with the obligations relating to the safety and health on board a ship and it is also essential for seafarers to work together with shipowner in taking such preventive measures. Thus, as for measures for reducing the accident rate of seafarers, this study aims to examine the present legislation on the state, shipowners, and seafarers for safety and health on board ships and then derive measures for the improvement relating thereto. As a result of this study, the following improvements were proposed. First, as measures for improving safety and health on board ships from the prospective of the state, the following points were derived: ➀ measures for improving the survey of occupational accidents, injuries, and diseases of seafarers (the definition of an occupational accident, the improvement of reporting standards, contents, and procedures, and the improvement of investigating range, and contents), ➁ measures for improving statistics on the occupational accidents, injuries and diseases of seafarers (the clarification of the contents of statistics), and ➂ measures for improving the safety and health of seafarers of fishing vessels with gross tonnage of less than 20 tons (measures for the integration of legislation and competent department through legislating an independent Act). Second, as measures for improving safety and health on board ships from the prospective of shipowners, this study clearly stated that shipowners are the ones complying with the duty of care for safety in seafarers’ employment contract on the safety and health on board ships and derived the necessity of the improvement of shipowners’ role to raise the level of safety and health on board ships by actively participating in reviews for revising standards for safety and health on board ships. Third, as measures for improving safety and health on board ships from the prospective of seafarers, this study suggested that seafarers’ duties (safe care for a third party, duty of reporting hazards, and duty to take caution, etc.) should be expanded so that seafarers could independently and actively participate in the prevention of the occupational accident of seafarers, the duty of care for safety should be explicitly introduced in the Seafarers’ Act for seafarers to enable them to play positive and key roles in observing and implementing the safety and health standards, and seafarer claims should also be admitted for the case of breaching the duty of care for safety by shipowners. Last, despite improvements by the implementation agent to increase the level of safety and health on board ships, this study found that it would be necessary to have a special law (Laws for safety and health on board ships and accident prevention) to prepare more comprehensive legislation on the safety and health on board ships for the prevention of the occupational accident of seafarers, and derive the concept, role and main content of the special law.

Türkiye Sağlık Sektöründe 2013 -2019 Yılları Arasında İş Kazalarının İstatiksel Analizi

İş kazalarının önlenmesi iş güvenliğinde en önemli hedeflerden biridir ancak kazaların nedenlerini anlamadan kazaları önlemek son derece zordur. Önleyici tedbirlerin alınmasında iş kazalarına ilişkin istatistiki verilerin analizi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, çalışmanın amacı Türkiye genelinde ve sağlık sektöründe 2013-2019 yılları arasında resmi olarak yayınlanan iş kazalarına ait istatiksel bilgileri analiz etmektir. Çalışmada veri kaynağı olarak T.C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu istatistikleri ve Avrupa İstatistik Ofisi verileri kullanılmıştır. Veriler doğrultusunda Avrupa İstatistik Ofisi tarafından belirlenen hesaplama ölçütlere göre son 7 yıllık periyotta kaza insidans oranları hem Türkiye geneli hem de sağlık sektörü için hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye genelinde elde edilen veriler ile sağlık sektöründeki veriler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için SPSS programı ile iş kazası geçiren sigortalı sayıları, iş kazası sonucu sürekli iş göremezlik sayıları, iş kazası sonucu ölüm sayıları için korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Türkiye geneli iş kazası geçiren sigortalı sayıları ile sağlık sektöründe iş kazası geçiren sigortalı sayıları arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki (r=.961, p

Prevention of occupational accidents based on occupational safety and health, a bibliographic review in Latin America of the last ten years

The purpose of this review article was to identify, analyze, compare and define scientific research on prevention of occupational accidents based on occupational safety and health, a bibliographic review in Latin America of the last ten years, the methodology that the Boolean method and the advanced search were used to find the variables and that they are consistent with our research, the main search engines or databases were SCIELO, REDALYC, DIALNET and DOAJ, to consolidate our research 25% was collected of articles in English, therefore, 42 scientific articles referring to the subject of study were obtained, of which 19 were included to prepare our review article and 23 were excluded, these articles were from the last ten years, in conclusion this study was able to know the problematic reality of the companies, of which several do not comply with the stipulations On the other hand, according to the regulations established in each country, safety and health at work is one of the most efficient, efficient and effective alternatives to prevent occupational accidents, therefore it must be complied with, consequently we will have safe workers and a labor well-being that Beneficiary to the worker, company and society.

Analisis Potensi Bahaya Dengan Menggunakan Metode Job Safety Analysis Di Bagian Mold Maintenance PT XYZ Plant Cikarang

PT. XYZ is one of the large companies operating in the automotive sector as a manufacturer of two -wheeled and four -wheeled vehicles. In the production process, there are various types of plants, one of which is the die casting plant which focuses on the manufacture of cylinder heads. Inside the die casting, there is a part responsible for caring for and maintaining the mold or cylinder head mold, which is the mold maintenance part. Every workplace will always have the possibility of occupational accidents and illnesses. To control the risk of occupational accidents and diseases, it is necessary to identify the causes of hazards in the workplace and assess the level of risk so that adequate control and prevention of occupational accidents can be carried out. The incidence of accidents and injuries in the workplace can be reduced by using Occupational Safety Analysis. At one stage of the dies maintenance process, the upper dies cleaning process is carried out by the mold maintenance section. In the process, there is the potential for work accidents to be cut, pinched, exposed to sharp fragments and crushed by molds that stand without support. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential hazards in the process and action of upper dies cleaning. The research methods used in this research are descriptive and observational qualitative research. By conducting interviews with operators who run the process, in addition to conducting interviews, researchers also make observations about how operators work in the process. The method of analytical study is to see or observe and carry out the upper die cleaning process before any improvement, seen the potential for work accidents is very high because workers sit and carry out the cleaning process behind the upper die which is standing without safety. The potential hazards that may occur at the upper dies cleaning process stage are upper dies weighing up to 500 kg. The advice given is to develop by creating tools. The purpose of this tool is to support the back of the upper die so that it does not fall during the cleaning process and reduce as well as avoid work accidents.

Occupational Health and Safety for Nurses: Literature Review

Introduction: The prevention of occupational accidents in the sphere of occupational health and safety is an important issue in the Italian work setting; health workers, and especially nurses, are continually exposed to the risk of work-related accidents, which can affect the quality of care provided. Aim: The aim of this review is to investigate the nurse’s perceived level of preparedness with regard to occupational safety. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using some of the main databases such as PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane. Results: The studies analysed show that Italian nurses have little knowledge about occupational health and safety legislation. Conclusions: Establishing specific postgraduate training events and identifying specific legislation for healthcare personnel could represent essential steps towards implementing this specific knowledge.