Prevention Of Non-infectious Diseases Research Articles

Effectiveness of patientoriented prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases in workers exposed to harmful factors of production

Introduction. Conducted a periodic medical examination of workers under the influence of harmful factors of production has shown a high prevalence of risk factors and chronic non-infectious diseases (NCDs).The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of patient-oriented prevention of NCDs in workers exposed to hazardous industrial factors in different occupational categories.Materials and methods The study included 656 workers who received one NCDs prevention program after a periodic medical examination. The effectiveness of the undertaken patient-centered prevention program was evaluated on the following grounds: the dynamics of primary NCDs morbidity, the prevalence of NCDs risk factors and NCDs control, temporary and permanent disability, frequency of visits for medical care, regularity and completeness of medical records, the frequency of preventive appointments with a therapist and cardiologist in the health center, cardiovascular and occupational risks.Results One year after the patient-oriented prophylaxis, the course of NCDs was monitored. Good result was achieved in 43 % of workers, after 5 years – in 29 %. At the same time higher results were obtained in the group with 4–6 harmful industrial factors. The leading factors were general vibration and industrial noise, industrial dust, welding aerosol. The reduction of cardiovascular risk by 47 % and occupational risk by 30 % was registered. Median temporary disability was 10.6 days (95 % CI: 6.2–12.3) after 1 year in group 2, which was 5.2 days less; the lowest median time of NCDs was 12.4 months (95 % CI: 7.7–15.1) in the comparison group.Discussion. Previously, there was already an organization of therapeutic and preventive work in shop floor health posts. Its application of new methods and tools proves the effectiveness of patient-oriented prevention of NCDs among workers at an industrial enterprise.Conclusion Patient-oriented prevention of NCDs was carried out in different occupational groups. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of this work in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors.

Determination of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol in human urine after intake of extra virgin olive oil produced with an ultrasounds-based technology

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a known source of antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, useful in the prevention of non-infectious diseases (atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases). In the present study, EVOO obtained using an innovative ultrasounds-based technology was found richer in total polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, than EVOO obtained using a conventional mechanical technology. The urinary excretion in humans of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, after the administration of ultrasounds and mechanical EVOOs, respectively, was assessed and compared. The analytes were determined in urine samples, collected for 24 h, of six healthy people (3 men and 3 women, age 22–70 years and body mass index <30 kg/m2) who ingested 20 g of oil for six consecutive days. A commercial refined olive oil was also used in the study to determine the baseline excretion levels of the two metabolites. High correlation coefficients (≥0.9311) were found between the amounts of the analytes ingested daily with EVOOs and those determined in the 24-h urines. The results clearly indicated that the EVOO obtained with the ultrasound process was characterized by the highest concentration of biophenols which were consequently available in greater quantities after ingestion, indicating that it represents a high-quality product containing high levels of beneficial compounds such as biophenols readily assimilable by the human body.

Скринінг-діагностика школярів як інструмент для визначення ризику виникнення неінфекційних захворювань у навчальному колективі

Determination of risk factors due to the irrational daily regimen or its individual elements and projection the system of preventive measures onto a specific team, which differs in learning conditions, region of residence and, accordingly, a certain level of morbidity, is one of the most effective methods of prevention. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors associated with violations of the daily regimen which lead to chronic non-communicable diseases. Using the Chi-square test according to the McNemar’s method, authors estimate the influence of violations of certain elements of the daily regimen and a healthy lifestyle on the level of pathological affection among pupils of secondary school age. By means of multiple correlation analysis authors revealed the leading pathology in the educational team in relation to the risk of the formation of non-infectious diseases, and the structure of pathological damage was represented by diseases of the circulatory system, the visual organ and adnexa, the endocrine system in the first rank positions. Based on the analysis of the elements of the daily regimen and the prevalence of its violations, a set of measures for its correction was formed, consisting of 6 blocks («Night sleep», «Hardening», «Physical activity», «Nutrition», «Visual load», «Free time»). The analysis of these measures established their maximal efficiency for neurological pathology, diseases of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs — precisely those that occupy the first rank positions in the structure of the prevalence of childhood diseases. The development of a procedure for the timely detection of pathological conditions and the organization of effective target primary prevention of non-infectious diseases in a particular educational team with appropriate risk factors due to violation of the daily regimen becomes a significant way to reduce the level of morbidity among pupils.

The Effect of Counseling on Improving Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior in Efforts to Prevent and Control Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-communicable diseases in Bengkulu Province has been increasing from 2007 to 2013. Integrated non-communicable disease development post (Posbindu PTM) is a platform for community participation in early detection and monitoring of risk factors in an integrated and periodic manner. Counseling on Posbindu PTM activities is one of the factor that could improve knowledge, attitude and behavior towards prevention and control of non-infectious diseases (NCDs). The study aimed to investigate the influence of counseling on the improvement of knowledge, attitude and behavior towards NCDs prevention and control. Through a quantitative research with quasi-experimental design, counseling at Posbindu PTM Damai and Padang Harapan Kota Bengkulu was conducted. The population and samples were all 32 members of Posbindu PTM. We found a difference in knowledge, attitude, and behavior before and after counseling from dependent and independent t-test analysis. The Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) need to train their cadres so that they are capable to counsel Posbindu PTM members to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards prevention and control of NCDs.

Availability and quality of medical care to children according to estimates of their parents

Introduction. Process of reforming of health care causes the need of the use of medico-sociological methods for the analysis of efficiency of medical care and search of ways of its improvement. There are presented data of Estimation of Parental Valuation of the quality and availability of the out-patient and polyclinic care for children. Materials and methods. The questionnaire survey of 478 lawful representatives of minor patients (residents of the samara region) was performed. Results. Respondents in general were established to give a positive assessment to the assurance of the quality of medical care for their children: relationships with the doctor were characterized by high degree of trust, attentive and respect, full understanding of problems of the patient from the medical personnel. Among the positive aspects the survey participants pointed out the possibility of obtaining expert assistance, free care, and certain availability, the possibility of the contact with a doctor as needed. The lack of a variety of specialists, safeguarding the confidentiality of the information, scarcity of medicines, and poor organization of rehabilitation are negatively perceived by parents. Parents see the achieving high quality of care in the improvement in working conditions for medical staff (including financial stimulation of employees) and increasing of the professionalism of doctors. Conclusion. Primary out-patient and polyclinic care for the children’s population in general is highly appreciated by parents enough as quite corresponds to individual needs of patients and in most cases helps to cope with their problems. Inconstancy of the level of satisfaction characterizing the quality of medical care determines the need of its regular monitoring. Information on the quality and availability of the out-patient and polyclinic care can be used in forming regional programs of the prevention of noninfectious diseases among the children’s population.

The awareness and consciousness of young students about the threat of risk factors of development of non-infectious diseases – modern status of the problem.

The purpose of this study was to analyze students’ awareness and con­sciousness about the threat to health of risk factors for the development of chronic non-infectious diseases, to determine whether they have the skills of a healthy lifestyle and to develop and scientifically substantiate the Algorithm for introducing health-saving educational technologies in the educational process of higher educational institutions of Ukraine. A sociological survey was conducted among students of higher educational institutions of Ukraine regarding the levels of awareness and consciousness about certain factors in the development of non-infectious diseases. 430 students of the Kiev National University of Trade and Economics and 216 students of SumyStatePedagogicalUniversitywere interviewed. A specially designed questionnaire was used. A high level of awareness of students about the main factors in the development of non-infectious diseases – poor nutrition, low physical activity, smoking and alcohol abuse has been established. At the same time, students are not sufficiently conscious about the risk of developing diseases and are unsufficiently motivated to a healthy lifestyle. It is shown a significant difference in indicators of healthy lifestyle among students of institutions of various profile. The Algorithm for the introduction of a health-saving educational technologies into the educational process of higher educational institutions, which is a scientifically substantiated system containing the main tasks, principles and measures aimed at raising the level of awareness and consciousness of young students about the health threat of risk factors for the development of chronic non- infectious diseases has been developed. The data obtained are the basis for the improvement of measures for the prevention of non-infectious diseases among students inUkraine.

Maternal Vaccination as an Essential Component of Life-Course Immunization and Its Contribution to Preventive Neonatology.

Maternal immunisation schedules are increasingly coming under the spotlight as part of the development of lifetime immunisation programmes for the role that they play in improving maternal, foetal, and neonatal health. Maternally-acquired antibodies are critical in protecting infants during the first months of their lives. Maternal immunisation was previously overlooked owing to concerns regarding vaccinations in this untested and high-risk population but is now acknowledged for its potential impact on the outcomes in many domains of foetal and neonatal health, aside from its maternal benefits. This article highlights the role that maternal immunisation may play in reducing infections in preterm and term infants. It explores the barriers to antenatal vaccinations and the optimisation of the immunisation uptake. This review also probes the part that maternal immunisation may hold in the reduction of perinatal antimicrobial resistance and the prevention of non-infectious diseases. Both healthcare providers and expectant mothers should continue to be educated on the importance and safety of the appropriate immunizations during pregnancy. Maternal vaccination merits its deserved priority in a life-course immunization approach and it is perhaps the only immunization whereby two generations benefit directly from a single input. We outline the current recommendations for antenatal vaccinations and highlight the potential advances in the field contributing to “preventive neonatology”.

Predictive value of human genotoxicological biomarkers in the primary prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases

The main goal of biomarker research in the frame of primary prevention of chronic diseases is the prevention of appearance of clinical symptoms by an early recognition of the process leading to the symptoms. By the use of well-established biomarkers one can detect such tendencies finally leading to the manifestation of the disease far before the progress turns irreversible. As several parameters play role in such processes, the estimation of biological changes with the help of biomarkers is a precise and relatively simple means of the prevention. Indications of intervention in order to prevent the manifestation of a disease are rather determined by the nature but not the number of alterations. The use of genetic screening and monitoring by adequate biomarkers provide us with a new opportunity to measure such qualitative changes rather than the quantitative ones, ensuring a great improvement to the previous methods. The use of qualitative parameters as a routine method instead of the classic quantitative measures might represent a challenge for current prevention policies in Europe to approach health problems and safety at work. When the biomarkers give positive results that means a high probability to be at risk but not yet the manifestation of a certain illness. This stage may be relevant to the early onset of certain pathological processes, but it does not necessarily turn to a performed disease. In consequence a so-called positive result might cause unnecessary disturbances for the probands leading to ethical issues of risk communication. The monitoring system, however, should find acceptable communication strategies for the high-risk conditions detected by the well-established biomarkers.