Prevention Of Mental Health Problems Research Articles

Effects of a Serious Game for Adolescent Mental Health on Cognitive Vulnerability: Pilot Usability Study.

Adolescent mental health is of utmost importance. E-mental health interventions, and serious games in particular, are appealing to adolescents and can have beneficial effects on their mental health. A serious game aimed at improving cognitive vulnerability (ie, beliefs or attitudes), which can predispose an individual to mental health problems, can contribute to the prevention of these problems in adolescents. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the prototype of a serious game called "Silver." The prototype of the serious game was developed using a user-centered participatory design. The prototype of Silver focused on 1 aspect of a serious game for improving cognitive vulnerability in adolescents, that is, the recognition and identification of cognitive distortions. Through the game, players were required to identify and classify the character's thoughts as helpful or unhelpful. Upon successful advancement to the next level, the task becomes more challenging, as players must also identify specific types of cognitive distortions. A pre- and posttest uncontrolled design was used to evaluate the game, with a 1-week intervention phase in which participants were asked to play the game. Participants aged 12-16 years were recruited in schools. The outcomes of interest were the recognition of cognitive distortions and presence of participants' cognitive distortions. The game was also evaluated on its effects, content, and usefulness. A total of 630 adolescents played Silver and completed the assessments. Adolescents were significantly better at recognizing cognitive distortions at the pretest (mean 13.09, SD 4.08) compared to the posttest (mean 13.82, SD 5.09; t629=-4.00, P<.001). Furthermore, their cognitive distortions decreased significantly at the posttest (mean 38.73, SD 12.79) compared to the pretest (mean 41.43, SD 10.90; t629=7.98, P<.001). Participants also indicated that the game helped them recognize cognitive distortions. Many participants considered the game appealing (294/610, 48.2%) but boring (317/610, 52%) and preferred a more comprehensive game (299/610, 49%). Findings from this study suggest that a serious game may be an effective tool for improving cognitive vulnerability in adolescents. The development of such a serious game, based on the prototype, is recommended. It may be an important and innovative tool for the universal prevention of mental health problems in adolescents. Future research on the effects of the game is warranted.

Biochemical characterization and gene structure analysisof the 24-kDa glutathione transferase sigma from Taenia solium.

Taenia solium can cause human taeniasis and/or cysticercosis. The latter can in some instances cause human neurocysticercosis which is considered a priority in disease-control strategies and the prevention of mental health problems. Glutathione transferases are crucial for the establishment and long-term survival of T. solium; therefore, we structurally analyzed the 24-kDa glutathione transferase gene (Ts24gst) of T. solium and biochemically characterized its product. The gene promoter showed potential binding sites for transcription factors and xenobiotic regulatory elements. The gene consists of a transcription start site, four exons split by three introns, and a polyadenylation site. The gene architecture is conserved in cestodes. Recombinant Ts24GST (rTs24GST) was active and dimeric. Anti-rTs24GST serum showed slight cross-reactivity with human sigma-class GST. A 3D model of Ts24GST enabled identification of putative residues involved in interactions of the G-site with GSH and of the H-site with CDNB and prostaglandin D2. Furthermore, rTs24GST showed optimal activity at 45 °C and pH 9, as well as high structural stability in a wide range of temperatures and pHs. These results contribute to the better understanding of this parasite and the efforts directed to fight taeniasis/cysticercosis.

How is intergenerational emotional cohesion linked to depression among older internal migrants in China: the mediating roles of loneliness and perceived stress

BackgroundLate-life internal migration is frequently associated with a higher risk of depression in older parents. This research delves into the impact of intergenerational emotional cohesion (IEC) on depression in older internal migrants and the underlying mechanisms within the contemporary Chinese context.MethodsObtained from a cross-sectional survey in Nanjing, China, the research involved 654 older internal migrants (66.97% female; mean age = 66.05 years; SD = 4.67). Variables were assessed using the Intergenerational Solidarity Inventory, 3-item R-UCLA Loneliness Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). For mediation exploration, a serial mediation model was utilized, and the Bootstrap method was employed to test the signifcance of these mediation effects.ResultsIEC demonstrates a negative correlation with depression. Through IEC, three significant mediation pathways were identified that directly affect depression: (1) loneliness (β=-0.06; Ratio=17.14%), (2) perceived stress (β=-0.09; Ratio=25.71%), and (3) loneliness and perceived stress (β=-0.03; Ratio=8.57%).ConclusionsIEC can impact the depression of older internal migrants by mitigating negative psychological emotions during the migration process. This finding provides valuable theoretical insights for the prevention of mental health problems among this demographic.

Defining the scope and content of mental health guidelines for community sport in Australia: A Delphi study

Regular sport participation can lead to several known physical and psychological health benefits. However, some sport environments may be contributing to the development of mental health disorders in participants. Elite sporting organisations have introduced several guidelines and positions statements to ensure psychologically safe sport environments, but these are often not applicable to the recreational sport setting. To guarantee psychologically safe sport environments for all participants, there has been an urgent call to develop mental health guidelines for recreational sport. To ensure future guidelines meet the needs of recreational sport environments, and are feasibly implemented, collaboration with experts is needed. The aim of this study was therefore to explore and synthesise the opinions of experts on the scope and content of mental health guidelines for community sport using the Delphi technique. Twenty-one experts from around Australia participated in two Delphi rounds, one qualitative and one quantitative, to reach consensus on key areas of future guidelines. Five key groupings were identified from the qualitative responses, which led to the identification of 13 key statements related to the provision of mental health promotion, prevention, and care in sport. Eight of the statements related to the role of community sport organisations in the promotion of positive mental health, and prevention of mental health problems. None of the statements were concerned with mental health care as most experts did not indicate this was the responsibility of community sport clubs. An additional five statements related to the responsibilities of the different levels of sport governance. Practical implications and future directions for the development of mental health guidelines for recreational sport are discussed.

Validation of a translated comprehensive mental health literacy measure for adolescents (KAMHS-NL)

Abstract Mental health literacy (MHL) is considered to be of crucial importance for early recognition and self-management of mental health problems, and for the use and acceptance of mental health services. MHL has been identified as an important factor for the promotion and prevention of mental health problems, especially during adolescence. Recently, the Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales (KAMHS) has been developed to assess MHL in adolescents. Studies show that the KAMHS is a comprehensive instrument that could potentially be widely used within the research community. However, it has thus far not been validated in different contexts. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the content, structural, and construct validity of a translated version of the KAMHS in another country, namely the Netherlands. First, we established the content validity of the translated KAMHS (KAHMS-NL) through cognitive interviewing with adolescents (n = 16). Next, we collected data among adolescents aged 13-16 attending secondary schools in the Netherlands (n = 404) on mental health literacy (KAMHS-NL), mental health, resilience, and use of mental health support. We then assessed structural validity by applying confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. Lastly, construct validity was assessed by analyzing convergent and divergent correlations between subscales of the KAMHS-NL and other instruments. Preliminary results suggest that the KAMHS-NL has good content validity, while the factor structure previously identified by the developers was confirmed with two models for the Dutch version. For construct validity, significant although relatively small-to-moderate convergent correlations with the reference scales (r = 0.14-0.40) and small divergent correlations (r = 0.00-0.06) were found. More detailed results will be made available at the time of the presentation. We conclude that the KAMHS-NL is a reliable and valid measure for adolescent MHL which deserves wider implementation. Key messages • The KAMHS-NL is a reliable and valid measure for adolescent mental health literacy. • Cross-cultural translation and validation of the KAMHS is needed for wider and more streamlined measurement of adolescent mental health literacy.

Associations between the urban environment and psychotic experiences in adolescents.

In 2050 two-thirds of the world's population is predicted to live in cities, which asks for a better understanding of how the urban environment affects mental health. Urbanicity has repeatedly been found to be a risk factor, in particular for psychosis. Here, we explored what factors of the urban exposome underlie the association between urban characteristics and psychotic experiences (PE) in adolescents. Participants were 815 adolescents (mean age 14.84years, SD 0.78) from an at-risk cohort (greater Rotterdam area, the Netherlands) oversampled on their self-reported emotional and behavioral problems. We used linear regression analysis to examine the association with detailed geodata on urbanicity (surrounding address density), green space density (high and low vegetation), and mixed noise levels (road, rail, air, industry, and wind power) with PE in adolescents. Analyses were adjusted for multiple socio-economic and parental confounders. Furthermore, we explored sex-interaction effects. Higher surrounding address density and low greenspace density were each independently associated with more PE (B=0.18, 95% CI 0.02; 0.34 and B=0.17, 95% CI 0.01; 0.32, respectively). High mixed noise levels were only associated with more PE in boys (B=0.23, 95% CI 0.01; 0.46). A sex-interaction effect was found for high urbanicity (B=-0.46, 95% CI -0.77; -0.14) and low greenspace density (B=-0.49, 95% CI -0.73; -0.11), illustrating that these associations with PE were specific for boys. Multiple characteristics of living in an urban area are associated with more PE in adolescent boys. Our observations provide leads for prevention of mental health problems via urban designing.

School-based interventions for the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental health problems: review of the literature

Abstract Given the elevated prevalence of mental health symptoms in school-aged children, there are opportunities to intervene with universal and targeted interventions delivered in schools. Considering the evidence across selected reviews, school-delivered mental health promotion and illness prevention interventions show to have small and modest effects in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. More research is required to find out what works best, for whom and under which circumstances.

Detecting signs of mental health problems in secondary school-aged youth

Objective: The study purpose was to describe secondary school nurses’, subject teachers’, special needs teachers’, study counselors’ and school social workers’ (n = 60) experiences of stressors that contribute to the development of mental health problems in secondary school pupils. Another purpose was to describe the professionals’ educational needs regarding mental health problems of secondary school pupils. The study aimed at producing information that can promote the detection of mental health problems and facilitate early interventions in secondary schools. The information collected came from the professionals only, not from the pupils or their parents.Methods: Data were collected in Finland using a Webropol online survey and analyzed by inductive content analysis.Results: According to the results, secondary school pupils’ mental health problems are associated with physical and psychosocial stressors, and with stressors pertaining to learning and studying, lifestyle, family, friend relationships and socioeconomic factors. In addition, the pupils’ mental health problems are associated with stressors pertaining to social media. Professionals working at secondary schools need education on how to identify pupils’ mental health problems, how to take up the concern with the pupil and parents, and how to support and counsel youth with a mental health problem.Conclusions: Although information packages, recommendations, materials and tools are available, encouragement and more specific and concrete mental health education for both pupils and professionals is required. New structures and practices, and possibly re-allocation of resources, may be necessary. The teachers’ role in mental health promotion and prevention of mental health problems should be supported and resourced more effectively. Psychiatric nurses should be employed at schools.

The influence of adverse and positive childhood experiences on young people's mental health and experiences of self-harm and suicidal ideation

BackgroundFew studies have examined the interaction of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) with mental health outcomes in nationally representative European populations. ObjectiveThe primary objective was to test models of resilience through investigating associations between ACEs and PCEs and young people's risk of common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. Participants and settingData were from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS), a stratified random probability household survey conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Analysis is based on data from adolescents aged 11–19 years (n = 1299). MethodLogistic regression was used to test the direct effects of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcomes and the moderating effect of PCEs at different levels of ACE exposure. ResultsPrevalence rates of mental health outcomes were: common mood and anxiety disorders (16 %); self-harm (10 %); suicidal ideation (12 %). ACEs and PCEs both independently predicted common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. Every additional ACE increased the likelihood of a common mood and anxiety disorder (81 %), self-harm (88 %) and suicidal ideation (88 %). Every additional PCE reduced common mood and anxiety disorders (14 %), self-harm (13 %) and suicidal ideation (7 %). There was no moderating effect of PCEs on ACEs and mental health outcomes. ConclusionThe findings suggest that PCEs act largely independently of ACEs and that initiatives to increase PCEs can assist in the prevention of mental health problems.

DETEKSI DINI KESEHATAN JIWA PERAWAT DAN PENERAPAN ADAPTASI KEBIASAAN BARU PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PROVINSI ACEH

Stress that arises as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic can be in the form of fear and anxiety about personal health and the health of other loved ones, changes in sleep patterns and or eating patterns, difficulty sleeping and concentrating, and aggravating the condition of someone who has a history of chronic illness and/or psychological disorders. The purpose of this study was to find out the results of early detection of mental health by nurses and the application of New Habit Adaptation during the Covid-19 pandemic in Aceh Province. This research method uses a survey research method, with a descriptive research design using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The results of the study of 120 respondents obtained the results of the detection of mental health by nurses: 12 respondents who were detected to have Neurosis (10%) and suicidal thoughts/ideas 1 person (0.83%). While the results of the Implementation of New Habit Adaptation (IMR) in nurses showed an increase in physical immunity by 40%, an increase in mental immunity was carried out on average by 38.3%, prevention of transmission of Covid-19 had an average value of 30.1%, and prevention of mental health problems related to Covid -19 by 28.4%. Overall, it can be concluded that the results of early detection of mental health by nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic showed healthy results (no one experienced psychotic disorders and only a small percentage of 10% had neurotic disorders).

The efficacy of psychological interventions for university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: IntroductionMental health problems are increasingly prevalent among students, necessitating adequate mental health support both for those who with or at risk of developing a mental health disorder.ObjectivesThis systematic review examined the efficacy of psychological interventions delivered to student populations and whether interventions with some form of adaptation to the content or delivery of the intervention for students could improve outcomes compared to interventions which had no such adaptation.MethodsRandomised controlled trials of interventions for students with or at risk of mental health problems were included. Specific adaptation for students (or whether they utilised a student population as a convenient sample) was recorded. Meta-analyses were conducted and multivariate meta-regressions explored the effect of adaptation on the pooled effect size. Eighty-four studies were includedResultsPromising effects were found for both treatment and preventative interventions for anxiety disorders, depression and eating disorders. PTSD and self-harm data was limited, and did not demonstrate significant effects. Relatively few trials adapted intervention delivery to student-specific concerns, and overall adapted interventions showed no benefit over non-adapted interventions. There was some suggestion that adaptions based on empirical evidence and provision of additional sessions, and transdiagnostic models may yield some benefitsConclusionsInterventions for students show benefit though uncertainty remains around how best to optimise treatment delivery and content specifically for students. It would be beneficial to understand how intervention content which is specific to underlying mechanisms of problems experienced by students as well as more transdiagnostic approaches could further support recovery and prevention of mental health problems while at university.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Psychology Professionals in Educational Contexts: An Unavoidable Necessity

Mental health problems and psychological adjustment difficulties among young people are emerging as a personal, family, educational, social, and health challenge. It is necessary to address this emerging social defiance by studying and implementing strategies to promote emotional well-being and prevent psychological problems in educational contexts. The aim of this work is to highlight, based on the epidemiological data derived from the PSICE (Evidence-based Psychology in Educational Contexts) project, the importance of addressing mental health in school settings. First, an introduction to the study of human behavior and psychological adjustment problems is given. Secondly, the importance of educational centers as the natural place to promote the psychological well-being and child and adolescent mental health is discussed. Thirdly, the prevalence results derived from the PSICE study are mentioned. To conclude, a summary section highlights the imperative need to promote, protect, and care for mental health during childhood and adolescence in educational settings. The promotion of psychological well-being and the prevention of mental health problems in educational contexts are the best investments on the part of societies, governments, and institutions.

Depression symptoms among adolescents in Morocco: a school-based cross-sectional study.

depression in adolescents is a major health condition that can interfere with daily life, lead to suicidal thoughts and behavior, and affect a person throughout life. However, studies about adolescents´ depression in Morocco are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression symptoms among in-school adolescents from the region of Settat-Morocco, as well as assessing its relation to daytime sleepiness and poor academic achievement. the researchers conducted a cross-sectional school-based study. The sample included participants aged 12-20 years, in either urban or rural areas. We selected 722 students through a proportionate stratified sampling procedure. The participants responded to multiple questionnaires that included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a questionnaire assessing several sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, and finally an academic achievement questionnaire. We analyzed the collected data using descriptive statistical methods, χ2 test, and odds ratios. forty-four point seven percent (44.7%) of the respondents had "moderately severe" to "severe depression symptoms" and 32.5% of the sample suffered from excessive daytime sleepiness. Nineteen point nine percent (19.9%) of the total sample reported having a poor academic achievement. Significant predictors for depression symptoms included "female gender" (OR = 2.06; p-value < 0.001), "having divorced parents" (OR = 6.00; p-value < 0.001), "poor academic achievement" (OR = 5.03; p-value < 0.001), and "excessive daytime sleepiness" (OR = 2.30; p-value = 0.002). this study provides important information about Morocco adolescents´ depression symptoms. These findings can help in implementing school-based mental and sleep health programs that target the promotion of mental wellness, prevention of mental health problems, and reduction of adolescent suicide risk.

Fear, Anxiety and Depression among Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizens during the Third Wave of COVID-19.

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, fear, anxiety, and depression have become global concerns among the wider public. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of fear, anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with COVID-19, to assess influencing factors that lead to the development of these mental health conditions and to examine any changes in the mental health patterns of the society since the initial study a year ago in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Method : An anonymous online survey based on Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patients Health Questionnaires (PHQs) was conducted in the general population of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: From 1096 subjects, 81.3% were females, 33.8% had a high school degree, 56.4% were married, 53.4% were engaged in intellectual labor, 42.3% experienced fear, 72.9% had anxiety symptoms and 70.3% had depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and their mean age was 35.84 ± 10.86. Half (50.1%) of the subjects were COVID-19 positive and 63.8% had COVID-19 symptoms when responding to the questionnaire. Experiencing COVID-19 related fear (OR = 1.972) and having moderate to severe depressive symptoms (OR = 9.514) were associated with the development of mild to severe anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were in turn associated with the development of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (OR = 10.203) and COVID-19 related fear (OR = 2.140), respectively, thus creating a potential circulus vicious. COVID-19 positive subjects (OR = 1.454) were also more likely to develop mild to severe anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of fear, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms rose dramatically since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They were interconnected and were significantly associated with age, gender, marital status and COVID-19 status. Therefore, an urgent mental health intervention is needed for the prevention of mental health problems.

The Association of Resilience with Mental Health in a Large Population-Based Sample (LIFE-Adult-Study)

Resilience describes a good adaptation to adversity. Strengthening resilience is a promising approach in the prevention of mental health problems. Yet, research on the association of resilience with mental health symptoms in the general population is scarce. The aim of our study is to examine comprehensively the association of resilience with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress in a large population-based sample. We analyzed data of n = 3762 participants from the follow-up assessment of the LIFE-Adult-Study, a population-based cohort study in Leipzig. Assessments included resilience (RS-11), depressive symptoms (CES-D), anxiety (GAD-7), and perceived stress (PSQ). The association of resilience with mental health symptoms was examined via multiple linear regression analyses. In our analyses, higher resilience predicted less mental health problems and contributed significantly to the explained variance in mental health outcomes. Women, individuals with previous mental disorders, and those without employment had higher mental health symptoms. Resilience is closely associated with mental health problems in the general population. Vulnerable groups should be targeted with public health measures. Strengthening resilience is a promising approach in the large-scale prevention of mental disorders.

Prevention of Mental Health Disorder among Adolescents during The COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: COVID-19 pandemic not only causes physical problems but also becomes a stressor and give problems to mental health that are commonly found in adolescence. Mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, can increase the risk of many physical health problems and reduce performance in work and social environment as well. Therefore, this literature review is aimed to discuss further and to broaden insight about the importance of mental health disorders and efforts to prevent mental health disorders among teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reviews: The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts in mental health. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health condition in the general population that reported an increase until three times compared before the pandemic. Several studies about COVID-19 and anxiety showed that the younger population (especially young adults) tended to have more anxiety. The most distressing issue for teenagers in the pandemic is not being able to see their friends, being fear of their friends or family getting sick or dying from COVID-19. In addition, when compared to the older population, the younger population also uses social media more often that can cause anxiety due to information overload and misinformation. Summary: COVID-19 pandemic gives rise to various mental health problems among teenagers. Understanding the symptoms and prevention of mental health disorders such as health promotion and protection from specific mental illness are becoming the primary prevention of mental health problems

Co-occurrence, stability and manifestation of child and adolescent mental health problems: a latent transition analysis

BackgroundComplex constellations of socio-emotional and behavioural problems (i.e., mental health problems) in childhood and adolescence are common and heighten the risk for subsequent personality, anxiety and mood disorders in adulthood. Aims of this study included the examination of patterns of mental health problems (e.g., externalizing-internalizing co-occurrence) and their transitions to reported mental disorders by using a longitudinal person-centered approach (latent class and latent transition analysis).MethodsThe sample consisted of 1255 children and adolescents (51.7% female, mean age = 12.3 years, age range 8–26 years) from three time points of the comprehensive mental health and wellbeing BELLA study. Children and their parents completed the German SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, Goodman, 1997) and reported on diagnoses of ADHD, depression, and anxiety.ResultsLatent class analysis identified a normative class, an emotional problem class, and a multiple problem class. According to latent transition analysis, the majority of the sample (91.6%) did not change latent class membership over time; 14.7% of individuals showed a persistent pattern of mental health problems. Diagnoses of mental disorders were more likely to be reported by individuals in the emotional problem or multiple problem class.ConclusionsResults highlight the need for early prevention of mental health problems to avoid accumulation and manifestation in the transition to adolescence and young adulthood.

Risk and protective factors associated with internalizing and externalizing mental health problems among 13-15-year-old youth

The main aim of the research was to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mental health problems in adolescents. The study group consisted of elementary and junior high school students from Ilawa aged 13-15 years (N=574). The self-administered, anonymous questionnaire had been completed during school lessons. Two groups of mental health problems were included in the study: internalizing (depressive symptoms and emotional problems) and externalizing (use of psychoactive substances, aggressive behavior, delinquency), as well as a number of psychosocial factors (parental support and control, school bonding, peer influence, victimization, leisure activities). Hierarchical logistic regression models with Wald statistics were used to identify risk and protective factors. Parental support and control appeared to be universal protective factors that reduce the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems. On the other hand, being a victim of peer violence and spending a lot of time on e-contacts appeared to be risk factors for both groups of adolescent mental health problems. In addition, sex, negative peer influences, school bonding, and use of computer / video games were important factors in the regression models. Prevention of mental health problems should be directed to education of parents in the skills of support and monitoring adolescents, strengthening the bonding to school and resilience to the negative influences of peer company.

Effectiveness of Online Interventions for the Universal and Selective Prevention of Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic as a threat to mental health, the demand for online interventions that can replace face-to-face approaches for the prevention of mental health problems is increasing. Although several previous reviews on online interventions have targeted adolescents with symptoms of or those diagnosed with mental illness, there is still a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of online preventive interventions for general and at-risk adolescents. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online interventions on the prevention of an increase in the scores of stress, anxiety, and depression in general and at-risk adolescents. A search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL. Altogether, 19 studies were included, and 16 studies were used for the meta-analysis. Our results showed that cognitive behavioral therapy and family-based interventions were most commonly used. Twelve and seven studies conducted universal and selective preventive interventions, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that online interventions significantly prevent an increase in depression score but not in stress and anxiety scores. Evidence regarding the prevention of increases in stress and anxiety scores is limited, suggesting the need for further randomized controlled trials on online interventions for stress and anxiety in adolescents.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11121-022-01443-8.

Psychiatric care or protection of the mental health of the nation: new approaches in reforming psychiatry

The current state of the psychiatric care system in Ukraine and its legal regulation have been analyzed. Emphasis is placed on positive changes in national legislation, in particular in the construction of the organizational structure of the mental health care system in Ukraine. The factors of reforming the system of providing psychiatric care in Ukraine have been singled out. The relationship between the concepts of “psychiatric care” and “mental health care” has been analyzed and the author’s definition of “mental health care” has been formulated. The organizational structure of the mental health care system of the secondary level of psychiatric care in Ukraine has been proposed, which should include: a) consultation centers, where psychiatric and psychological assistance and rehabilitation support should be provided; b) day hospital in polyclinics; c) psychiatric hospitals. The expediency of the development and adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the mental health care system”, the approval of the Regulation on the procedure for providing psychiatric care based on the principle of a multidisciplinary team, the Procedure for the interaction of subjects which are service providers in the field of mental health care has been substantiated. It has been proposed to make changes to the Handbook of qualification characteristics of workers’ professions and the State Classifier of Ukraine in order to bring them into line with international standards. These are psychotherapists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, etc. At the same time, it should be focused on the profession, and not on the position or place of work in the field of mental health care. The expediency of developing and introducing programs for the prevention of mental health problems and ensuring the implementation of effective control over the observance of human rights in the field of mental health care has been substantiated.