Prevention Of Malocclusion Research Articles

Prevalence and contributing factors of malocclusion in Zhuang children aged 7-8 years in southern China.

Malocclusion, a common oral health problem in children, is associated with several contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mixed dentition stage malocclusion and its contributing factors in Chinese Zhuang children aged 7-8 years. Overall, 2,281 Zhuang children, about 7-8 years old, were randomly selected using a stratified whole-cluster sampling method from schools in counties in Northwestern Guangxi, China. The children were examined on-site for malocclusion and caries by trained dentists, and basic data on the children were collected using questionnaires, including age, sex, parental education, parental accompaniment, and children's knowledge of malocclusion and treatment needs. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The total prevalence of malocclusion in Zhuang children aged 7-8 years was 58.5%, with the highest prevalence of anterior crossbite tendency, and the prevalence of anterior crossbite and anterior edge-to-edge occlusion was 15.1% and 7.7%, respectively. This was followed by an anterior increased overjet of 13.3% and an inter-incisor spacing of 10.3%. The lowest prevalence was 2.7% for anterior open bite. Sex, parental accompaniment, parental education, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth of the first primary molar were factors that contributed to malocclusion in Zhuang children. Malocclusion is a common oral problem among Zhuang children. Therefore, more attention must be paid to the intervention and prevention of malocclusion. The impact factors should be controlled as early as possible.

Minor physical anomalies including palatal rugae pattern and palatal dimensions in children with sickle cell disease: A cross-sectional analytical study

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathy, which delays growth leading to an altered skeleton and craniofacial pattern. Palatal rugae patterning has been considered the regulator of the development of the palate. The purpose of the research work was to study the morphology of the palate, rugae pattern, and its dimensions in SCD children and compare them with healthy normal children, and to evaluate its role as minor physical anomalies (MPAs). MethodsA cross-sectional case-control study was designed as per STROBE guidelines. The sample comprised 50 children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (Group SCD) and 50 normal healthy children as control (Group C) belonging to the same age group (10–18 years). Dental impressions were made, followed by the pouring of dental casts. The length of the palatal rugae was measured and categorized into primary (>5 mm), secondary (3 mm–5 mm), and fragmentary rugae (<3 mm). The shape of each primary palatal rugae was identified and categorized as curved, wavy, straight, circular and non-specific. Linear and angular measurements of the palatal rugae patterns and palatal dimensions (width, height, area) were measured and recorded. ResultsThe total number of palatal rugae and fragmentary rugae was lesser in Group SCD than in Group C (p < 0.05). The depth of the palate was significantly increased, whereas the area of the palate significantly decreased in Group SCD. ConclusionsThe children with SCD showed distinctive palatal rugae patterns and dimensions when compared with normal healthy children that can be attributed as potential MPAs for sickle cell disease. Children with SCD had an under-developed palatal rugae pattern with a deep, narrow and small palate when compared to healthy children.The dimensions of the palatal rugae pattern in SCD showed reduced distance between the incisive papilla and the first and last rugae, indicating a further decrease in the anteroposterior dimensions of the palate. These findings may aid in the early diagnosis and prevention of malocclusion in children with SCD by appropriate interceptive orthodontic treatment

Management and outcomes of apexification procedures in traumatized immature teeth

The oral health of pediatric patients is a significant concern, with dental injuries being a common occurrence in this vulnerable population. Traumatic injuries to immature teeth, characterized by incomplete root development and open apices, present unique challenges that require specialized clinical management. Understanding the anatomy and developmental characteristics of immature teeth is crucial for effective management. Historically, apexification procedures relied on calcium hydroxide, but advancements in dental pulp biology led to regenerative endodontics, a transformative approach that preserves pulp vitality while promoting apical closure. Contemporary techniques include calcium hydroxide apexification, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification, and regenerative endodontics, each with its advantages and considerations. Patient selection, radiographic assessment, choice of biocompatible materials, and post-operative care are key components of contemporary apexification protocols. Advanced imaging modalities like cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enhance diagnostic accuracy. Challenges in apexification procedures include infection control, the risk of root fractures, and dealing with resorption phenomena. Moreover, pediatric patients require special attention to address compliance and psychological factors. The long-term outcomes of apexification procedures extend beyond clinical and radiographic parameters and encompass growth and development as well as the quality of life of pediatric patients. Preservation of arch integrity, prevention of malocclusion, and maintaining oral health-related quality of life are vital considerations.

The concept of preventive care in the pediatric population with risk factors for the malocclusion development and prevention of severe malocclusion in children aged 3-12 years old

Relevance. Malocclusion prevention in Russian children is an urgent medical and social problem. The results of Russian epidemiological studies show malocclusion prevalence and severity increase in children with age. Postgrowth orthodontic treatment is costly and often inaccessible for the most population. In the current situation, malocclusion prevention organization in children is one of the most important tasks of public healthcare.Purpose. To propose and substantiate a new model for the prevention of severe malocclusion in children.Materials and methods. We have created a new conceptual model for the prevention of severe malocclusion in children to develop a methodology that provides unified approaches to malocclusion prevention.Results. The model involves the construction of a two-level system of pediatric preventive care based in the city, municipal multidisciplinary dental clinics. The model novelty is determined by the new concept of the primary prevention of malocclusion and early orthodontic treatment (EOT) processes to prevent severe malocclusion (secondary prevention) as a single system that provides a positive result in maxillofacial development in children. The introduction of a pediatric dentist as an operator and a coordinator of the prevention program implementation into the structure of preventive care for children's malocclusion determines the novelty of the prevention system conceptual model. The proposed conceptual model prioritizes an orthodontist who provides secondary prevention of severe malocclusion by early orthodontic treatment (EOT) to children during the growth and development of malocclusions. The introduction of a malocclusion assessment to identify the EOT need score also determines the novelty of the malocclusion secondary prevention subsystem. The model places a high value on the management function/ management issues. Severe malocclusion prevention program implementation in children requires changing the paradigm of doctors, namely, pediatric dentists and orthodontists.Conclusion. The presented concept of the two-level malocclusion prevention organization (primary prevention of malocclusion in toddlers and preschoolers and secondary prevention of severe malocclusion by EOT in children aged 3-12 years) will allow for the reduction of the number of severe malocclusions during dental and facial development and for the need of complex treatment at later stages, will contribute to children health preservation, their social adaptation and the child and family quality of life increase.

Prevalence of canine impaction in the western province of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey.

Canine tooth impaction could have a negative influence on the stomatognathic system and could make it difficult for clinicians to manage malocclusions. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of canine impaction, which could be a cause of malocclusion, in the population in the western province of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective analysis of digital orthopantomograms (OPGs) of 400 patients aged 12-40 years, who are citizens of Saudi Arabia residing in the western province and who presented for treatment at the dental clinics of Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were included. The OPGs and dental records of these patients were reviewed for canine impaction and were categorized based on age, gender, and type of impaction. The prevalence of patients that exhibited canine impaction was found to be 4%. Males had a significantly higher percentage of prevalence than females (P < 0.016), and impaction was significantly higher among patients aged below 18 years (P < 0.001). Moreover, the most commonly observed impaction was mandibular canine impaction (87.5%). Prevention of malocclusion and maintenance of a normal dentition (better aesthetics and chewing) necessitates early detection of impacted canines.

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Airway in Class II Malocclusion: A Review.

In class II malocclusion, there is an anteroposterior disparity between the upper dentition and the lower dentition, which may or may not be accompanied by a skeletal discrepancy. For orthodontists, this is one of the common malocclusions encountered during clinical practice. This might be due to excess maxillary growth or retarded growth of the mandible or a combination of both. In such types of malocclusion, both the upper and lower airways are affected, the lower one most commonly. Characteristic features seen are a narrow maxillary arch, a proclined upper anterior, and mouth breathing as a developing habit. Also, the position of the condyle in the skeletal type of class II malocclusion plays a vital role in the development of temporomandibular joint disorders. Treating such disparity in a growing individual leads to better results in the long term as well as prevention of malocclusion taking a severe form. Myofunctional appliances are useful for repositioning the mandible as well as the condyle. In adults, extraction of the upper premolars is most commonly done for the correction of class II malocclusion. This provides the patient with a better esthetic appearance.In addition to this, various treatment modalities, such as splint therapy, exercise, and prolotherapy, are beneficial for pain relief and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) correction. This article deals with the characteristics, development, etiology, and comprehensive treatment options of class II malocclusion and its co-relation with the upper and lower airway along with the severity of temporomandibular joint disorders. Repositioning of the condyle in the glenoid fossae is the key to the correction of this disorder.

Prevention of malocclusion and the importance of early diagnosis in the Italian young population.

Malocclusion is an alteration of the normal relationships between skeletal, muscle and dental structures that can lead to impaired functionality as well as aesthetic alteration of the stomatognathic system. Functional alteration can affect various aspects, ranging from chewing ability to respiratory disorders. Paediatricians and dentists are called to prevent and diagnose these conditions as early as possible in order to preserve the patient's health. The purpose of this research is to study the incidence of malocclusion and its relationship with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in a young population. Also, the role of paediatricians and dentists in prevention and early diagnosis of this condition was evaluated METHODS: An anonymous survey was given through Google form to 300 Italian children (139 males and 161 females) from different private dental practices in Italy. No personal information that identifies the individuals was collected, and the data was analysed in aggregate form only. All data was collected and statistically analysed. The data highlight the patients' good attitude towards dental check-ups, which help to intercept malocclusions. Unlike the past, the knowledge of the importance of oral health and dental occlusion is high among young patients, parents and paediatricians. This study underlines the role of paediatricians as key players in the prevention of dental health problems.

Research of the major approaches to temporomandibular disorders and space maintainers: a concise systematic review

Introduction: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), being the only mobile joint in the skull, is one of the most complex structures to study, this joint allows rotation and translation movements, this is due to its double joint with the condyle and its condylar cavity. The term Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) is used to describe TMJ diseases that may be related to the joint, musculature, ligaments, bone, tooth, and psychological aspects. Objective: It was to address the main considerations and clinical findings of temporomandibular disorders and the use of space maintainers through a concise systematic review. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: The total of 136 articles were found. A total of 76 articles were fully evaluated and 34 were included in this study. A total of 34 studies were excluded with a high risk of bias (studies with a small sample size). Also, 42 studies were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE. The results showed that the stomatognathic system (SS) is extremely important in the physiological interconnection with its constituent elements and the central nervous system. An interference can lead the masticatory muscles to adapt their function to protect the SS, leading the mandible to a position with different dental contacts, which can cause damage to the TMJ. These damages can generate parafunction or TMD. Space maintenance is one of the most important activities in the prevention of malocclusion. A practical option to obtain this rehabilitation is through the installation of aesthetic or functional space maintainers.

Prevalence of malocclusion in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: Data available on prevalence of malocclusions are mostly local or national-based, therefore this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits in the permanent dentition across the African continent. Methods: Recent studies published between 1990 and 2021 in PubMed, AJOL, PMC and Scopus on malocclusion prevalence in permanent dentition were reviewed. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using STROBE criteria. Results: Out of 82,474 retrieved studies, 11 were included. In permanent dentition, the African prevalence of malocclusion was 76.1% (45 – 95.6%). The distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 76.7% [50–96%], 9.7% [1.6–25.4%] and 4.0% [1–12%], respectively. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 10.9% and 6.5%, respectively. Crossbites affected 9.8% of the sample. Conclusion: In Africa, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent in permanent dentition, the least prevalent was Class III. This information should advice policymakers, dentists, and orthodontists across Africa on policies and clinical strategies on prevention of malocclusion.

Pediatrician’s knowledge and practical approach towards malocclusion in Tamil Nadu, India

: Paediatricians are the first health professional who are more likely to encounter the children’s problems during developing years. Their knowledge and skill to identify the intraoral health issues is of prime importance for making appropriate decisions about referral for early effective intervention, most likely with the maxillomandibular relationship. The aim of the study to evaluate the knowledge and practical approach of the paediatricians towards identification of malocclusion and its effects on oral health issues. A cross sectional questionnaire based study (30 questions) was conducted among 240 randomly selected pediatricians in South district of Tamil Nadu, India, about the knowledge in oral health and malocclusion. This study was carried out for three months time period and response to questionnaires were tabulated in Microsoft Excel software and sent for statistical analysis. This study results indicate that the knowledge about malocclusion and orthodontic treatment among the study population was low. Among the total participants 92% of the pediatricians agreed that their role in identification and prevention of malocclusion is inevitable, but the implementation of the same in their daily practice was comparatively less (16%). This was due to their opinion that identification of malocclusion is more difficult and time-consuming process in their routine daily practice (88%). Pediatrician’s have to be emphasized on the importance of normal relationship of dental structures in children and their knowledge regarding malocclusion should be enlightened to decrease the severity of the same in children during their later period of the life.

Malocclusion: prevention and treatment during growth and development

Malocclusion is a common condition in the world's population but is not considered as a normal condition. A normal dentofacial development depends on the normal function of the muscles around the mouth, the balance between the muscles of the lips, cheeks from the outside of the dental arch and the inside of the tongue needs to be maintained. The imbalance of the three orofa-cial muscles will affect the development of dentofacial structures. Malocclusion occurs due to several factors including genetic factors and environmental factors. Prevention of malocclusion can be done in several ways, namely eliminating prolonged bad habits and improving nutrition during pregnancy. If malocclusion has occurred, treatment is carried out as early as possible so as not to aggravate the malocclusion.

Ineffective Feeding Practices and Their Effect on Malocclusion: A Narrative Review

Abstract Objective The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the association of ineffective feeding practices with the development of malocclusion in children and the role of a pediatric dentist in identifying the cues and signs of improper feeds, and encourage effective breastfeeding practices. Introduction There has been an ongoing debate on the role of effective breastfeeding in the prevention of malocclusion. Although no specific claim supports the positive impact of the same, a detailed reviewing of the literature helps to identify the method of feeding to be chosen considering health benefits and personal preference. Materials and Methods A broad search of all resources linked to the topic was performed in PubMed, Medline, World Health Organization web site, government web sites, and Google Scholar search engine. Keywords used in the search included breastfeeding, ineffective breastfeeding, bottle feeding, pacifier, and malocclusion. A total of 60 articles published in the period from 2000 to 2019 were segregated. Selected articles comprised original research, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews. Results Parameters such as duration, posture, and non-nutritive sucking habits had an impact on effective breastfeeding. Discussion Effective breastfeeding and maintaining appropriate posture and duration helps to positively impact the normal growth and development of the jaws, muscular functioning, and speech. Thereby, the risk of developing malocclusion in primary dentition can be prevented. Conclusion An understanding of the role of breastfeeding and malocclusion will help in the early intervention and prevention of malocclusion and deviated muscular function. Highlighting the role of counseling and effective feeding practices is also an area that should be focused upon by budding clinicians.

Resorption of multirooted temporary teeth in children with dentofacial anomalies in accordance with the orthopantomography data

Relevance. To study the incidence of different types of resorption of multirooted primary teeth, to specify indications for deciduous molar extraction to prevent eruption abnormalities of permanent posterior teeth in mixed dentition.Materials and methods. Root resorption of 375 multirooted primary teeth (166 first primary molars and 209 second primary molars) was studied on panoramic X-rays of 60 children (30 girls and 30 boys) aged between 7 and 15. Illustrated classification by T.F. Vinogradova (1967) improved by authors was used to determine type and degree of root resorption of multi-rooted primary teeth. Received data were described with absolute values of number of cases and percentage. Chi-square was used to detect differences in sign incidence rate between groups, p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. There were no statistically significant gender differences (p&gt;0,05) in type and degree of root resorption of multirooted primary teeth. Type A resorption prevailed and constituted 53.3% of all primary molars. Disturbances in root resorption of multirooted primary teeth in mixed dentition were related to health condition of primary teeth. Transition of even resorption to unven was considered a risk factor of delayed eruption and aberrant position of permanent teeth, and indication for extraction of a primary molar in question. Conclusions. 1) Even root resorption (type A) was detected in 53.3% of primary molars in mixed dentition by orthopantomography. 2) Transition from even resorption of primary molar roots to uneven resorption was associated with eruption deviations and delayed premolar eruption. 3) Timely extraction of primary molars with uneven root resorption facilitated correct eruption of premolars and increased effectiveness of secondary prevention of malocclusion in children.

CURRENT STRUCTURE OF PATIENTS SEEKING FOR ORTHODONTIC CARE

Now an orthodontist is a very demandable dental specialist due to increasing number of patients seeking for orthodontic care. Analysis of patients by their age, diagnosis and sex can allow orthodontists to understand more clearly which pathology and which patients are the most prevalent and to find the best approaches to satisfy the clients’ demands. This analysis provides the potential to create more targeted approach in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malocclusions. At the Department of Postgraduate Education of Orthodontists, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, we performed an analysis of 2,359 outpatient medical cards (1296 patients, who took treatment in 2019, and 1063 patients, who took treatment in 1999). It is noteworthy that for the 20-year period the number of people seeking for orthodontic care has risen in 9.9 times, despite the rapid development of private dentistry services. The data of the analysis have demonstrated that today adults make up the larges share of the orthodontic patients. Therefore, orthodontic correction by using fixed appliances has become a priority. Moreover, female individuals ask for help more often that is determined by the increase in women's social attitude to their appearance. All this confirms social and psychological significance of orthodontics. As for the male individuals seeking for orthodontic care, their number has been found out to increase in the age 14 – 18 that may be related to the findings revealed at pre-military medical checkups. As for the commonest types of malocclusions for these two periods, I class malocclusion by Angle has been found out as the most prevalent, II class by Angle is ranking the second position and III class by Angle and a deep bite are sharing the third position.

The use of augmented reality to educate preschoolers on preventing dental malocclusion

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malocclusion is a deviation in dentofacial growth or an abnormal relationship between the teeth of both arches, which results in impaired physical function for sufferers. Causes of malocclusion include genetic factors, inappropriate growth and development processes, bad habits of children, and malnutrition. Also, malocclusion can be caused by a lack of knowledge of children, parents, and guardians of students in the school environment in maintaining oral health. Nurul Falah Kindergarten, located in Mamajang District in the middle of Makassar City. However, students in kindergarten are from the middle to lower economies with a lack of dental and oral health awareness. According to the principal, some students come with the condition of not brushing teeth and with cavities. This service activity aims to help solve the problems faced by teachers in pre-school age students by providing dental education based on Augmented Reality and Topical Application Fluor (TAF) as an effort to prevent malocclusion. It is hoped that through this activity malocclusion prevention can be done through promotive efforts on dental health. This dental extension will be complemented by the utilization of information technology advances in the form of android-based Augmented Reality (AR) technology that is able to visualize an object in 3 dimensions so that the counseling process becomes more interactive and real.

Malocclusion prevention through the usage of an orthodontic pacifier compared to a conventional pacifier: a systematic review.

This was to investigate the occurrence of malocclusion traits among children who were users of orthodontic or conventional pacifier by means of a systematic review. Search for articles involved five electronic databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), PsycINFO, PubMed (including MedLine), Scopus and Web of Science. Grey literature was partially assessed. Observational studies with children aged 6-60months who had used orthodontic or conventional pacifier were included. The risk of bias among included studies was assessed through the Joanna Briggs Institute Tool. From the 607 initially-identified papers only three were included after the selection process. All presented moderate risk of bias. Although an anterior open bite and accentuated overjet were identified among conventional users of pacifier in one study no differences were identified in the other two selected studies. Posterior crossbite frequency was not different in any of the included studies. There was also no difference regarding frequency and duration of use, except in the study that showed higher occurrence of open bite malocclusion in conventional pacifier users. The currently available evidence is insufficient to support the concept that the usage of orthodontic pacifiers is able to prevent malocclusion traits when compared to the usage of conventional pacifiers.

Early malocclusion prevention in children

Early malocclusion prevention in children

Lekarz dentysta i lekarz pediatra – współdziałanie w zapobieganiu i wczesnym diagnozowaniu problemów zdrowotnych narządu żucia

The paper points out that in polish population dental and orthodontic prophylaxis is not widely propagated. It indicates the role of pediatricians in parents education of oral health prophylaxis and shows the role of primary health professionals in early detection and prevention of malocclusions and oral defects. In this paper the overall knowledge on dental prophylaxis was systemized. Dental caries and malocclusions are the particular problems concerning small patients. Epidemiological studies showed that the prevalence of malocclusions among polish children and adolescents is around 61.8%. Parafunctions together with dysfunctions and milk tooth early loss are the most common and significant etiological factors of acquired malocclusions. Pediatricians are able to detect many of that bad habits during out patients visits. Prevention is particularly important at the early stage of growing, because this is the time when stomatognatic system is the most susceptible for deformations. Thus, it is worth to remember that oral health is strongly related to general child’s health.

The Prevention of Malocclusions

The Prevention of Malocclusions

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TENTANG ORTODONSI PREVENTIF DENGAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN MALOKLUSI PADA GIGI ANAK

Background: Malocclusion is abnormal occlusion which signed the unsimetric position of its teeth that caused by genetic factor, unappropiate development, bad habit and malnutrition. The children who got malocclusion problem doesn,t need any attention because children usually still lack of responsbility to take care the dental problem. That,s why the role of parents is very needed. Parents knowledge about preventive ortodensi can make easier to prevent children malocclusion. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to know the influence of parents knowledge about preventive ortodensi to prevent children malocclusion. Method: This research using analitic observational with survey cross sectional method. Data comes from kuisioner. The parents knowledge means everything about the prevention of malocclusion, meanwhile preventive action is the action to handle malocclusion itself. wIlcoxon experiment is used for analitical tool with p &lt; 0.05. Result: The result shown that the parents knowledge about ortodensi will appear better to parents who got the bachelor or diploma degree (65.9%). And preventive action for malocclusion also shown better from parents with bachelor or diploma degree also (71.05%). Conclusion: The conclusion is the influence of parents knowledge about malocclusion prevention in children teethwith level of (p=0.001) with confident level 90%.