Prevention Of Intradialytic Hypotension Research Articles

Construction and Explanation Analysis of a Hypotension Risk Prediction Model in Hemodialysis Based on Machine Learning

Objective. To establish a risk prediction model for intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and to analyze the explainability of the risk prediction model. Methods. A total of 2,228,650 hemodialysis records of 1075 MHD patients were selected as the research objects. Thirteen important clinical features including demographic features and clinical features were screened, the blood pressure measured before hemodialysis was collected, then an IDH risk prediction model during hemodialysis was established based on a machine learning algorithm. The contribution of each feature to the risk prediction of IDH was measured based on the Gini evaluation index. The TreeSHAP method was used to provide global and individual explanations for the IDH risk prediction model. Results. Hemodialysis duration, pre-dialysis mean arterial pressure, and pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure were the most important predictive variables for the occurrence of IDH during hemodialysis in MHD patients. The best IDH risk prediction model based on machine learning had an accuracy of 0.92 (95% CI 0.90–0.94) and an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.94–0.96), indicating that machine learning has a good effect on the prediction of IDH during hemodialysis treatment. Our research innovatively achieved IDH risk prediction during the entire hemodialysis period based on blood pressure before the start of hemodialysis and other clinical features, thus enabling the medical team to quickly adjust hemodialysis prescriptions or initiate treatment for timely management and prevention of IDH. Global and individual explanations of the IDH risk prediction model can help hemodialysis medical staff understand the overall prediction mechanism of the model, discover prediction outliers, and identify potential biases or errors in the model. Conclusions. The IDH risk prediction model has definite clinical value in actual hemodialysis treatment.

Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Challenges and Future Prospects.

Intradialytic hypotension, defined as rapid decrease in systolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to 20 mmHg or in mean arterial pressure of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg that results in end-organ ischemia and requires countermeasures such as ultrafiltration reduction or saline infusion to increase blood pressure to improve patient's symptoms, is a known complication of hemodialysis and is associated with several potential adverse outcomes. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves both patient-related factors such as age and comorbidities, as well as factors related to the dialysis prescription itself. Key factors include the need for volume removal during hemodialysis and a suboptimal vascular response which compromises the ability to compensate for acute intravascular volume loss. Inadequate vascular refill, incorrect assessment or unaccounted changes of target weight, acute illnesses and medication interference are further potential contributors. Intradialytic hypotension can lead to compromised tissue perfusion and end-organ damage, both acutely and over time, resulting in repetitive injuries. To address these problems, a careful assessment of subjective symptoms, minimizing interdialytic weight gains, individualizing dialysis prescription and adjusting the dialysis procedure based on patients' risk factors can mitigate negative outcomes.

Pneumatic Compression Devices in Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension

Pneumatic Compression Devices in Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension

Use of ultrasound by registered nurses—a systematic literature review

In Western Australia (WA), most stable patients undergoing haemodialysis receive treatment in a satellite setting where no doctors are on-site during treatment hours, so nurses must make critical decisions about fluid removal. Some patients regularly experience adverse events during dialysis (intradialytic), often due to excessive ultrafiltration goals, with intradialytic hypotension being particularly challenging. Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava has been previously demonstrated being a rapid and non-invasive method for volume assessment on haemodialysis patients, thus could hold valuable information for the treating nurse. This paper examines the existing literature in regards to the use of ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava in patients on haemodialysis for objective assessment of their intravascular volume status by renal nurses. A systematic literature review was performed within medical and nursing databases including CINAHL Plus with Full Text, SCOPUS, Web of Science and MEDLINE. Renal nurses are conscious of the significance of intradialytic hypotension and have only limited options for its prevention. Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava could add another objective dimension for intravascular volume assessment and prevention of intradialytic hypotension, but to date renal nurses have not been using this technique. Ultrasound of the inferior vena cava has the potential to assist in defining the ultrafiltration goal for that particular dialysis session, thus reducing the risk of intradialytic hypotension. Additionally, it has potential to change current renal nursing practice when added to clinical nursing assessment methods. Further studies are required to validate this assessment tool carried out by a renal nurse compared with a skilled ultrasonographer.

Intradialytic hypotension: Clinical consequences and basic prevention principals

Intradialytic hypotension is a negative risk factor for patients on chronic hemodialysis treatment. Hemodynamic instability during hemodialysis session has, as consequence, myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Repeated episodes of ischemia and reperfusion of myocardium and brain, result in stunned myocardial and cerebral damage (atrophy of subcortical white matter). Stunned myocardium results in regional wall motion abnormalities and development of cardiac insufficiency; while cerebral damages result in cognitive decline. Prevention of intradialytic hypotension should include salt intake reduction, interdialytic body weight increase should be less than 5%, ultrafiltration rate should be less than 10 ml/kg/h, adjusted concentrations of sodium and calcium in hemodialysis fluid, and it's temperature - cold hemodialysis fluid should be used (35-37°C), vasopressors should be administered, hemodiafiltration and new dialysis modalities that base in biofeedback systems. Preservation of hemodynamic stability of a patient is primary goal of nephrologists.

Intradialytic hypotension: Frequency, sources of variation and correlation with clinical outcome

Intradialytic hypotension (IH) is a frequent complication of hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with increased patient mortality and cardiovascular events. We studied IH to determine its variability, correlates, and clinical impact in 13 outpatient HD facilities. Blood pressure was captured by machine download. IH was defined as >30 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure to <90 mmHg. Risk factors were assessed by logistic regression and hospitalization by Poisson regression. Time to death and first hospitalization were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis in patients completing >20 HD treatments. We studied IH in 44,801 treatments (Tx) in 1137 patients. IH was frequent (17.2% of treatments) and highly variable by patient (0-100% Tx) and dialysis facility (11.1-25.8% Tx). 25.1% of patients had no IH (0% Tx) and 16.2% had IH on >35% Tx. Increased IH frequency was associated with age, female gender, diabetes, Hispanic origin, longer end stage renal disease vintage, higher body mass index, higher ultrafiltration volume, the second and third weekly Tx, lower pre-HD systolic blood pressure, higher difference between prescribed and achieved post-HD weight, and higher dialysate temperature. Dialysis facility was an independent predictor of IH frequency. Patients with >35% IH treatments had poorer survival (P = 0.036), and more frequent and longer hospitalization (P = 0.04, P = 0.002, respectively) than patients without IH. In conclusion, IH frequency was highly variable, associated with individual facilities, patient and treatment characteristics, and correlated with mortality and hospitalization. Identifying practice patterns associated with IH coupled with routine reporting of IH will facilitate medical management and may result in the prevention of IH, decreased mortality, and decreased hospitalization.

Shenfu injection for intradialytic hypotension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Shenfu injection (SFI) for intradialytic hypotension (IDH). Methods. A systematic review of data sources published as of April 2014 was conducted. These included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2014 issue 4), Pubmed, Embase, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wangfang Data. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving SFI for treatment and prevention of IDH were identified. Two researchers independently selected articles, extracted data, assessed quality, and cross checked the results. Revman 5.2 was used to analyze the results. Results. Eight RCTs were included. The meta-analysis indicated that compared with conventional therapies alone, SFI could elevate systolic blood pressure (SBP), increase the clinical effective rate, decrease the incidence of hypotension, increase serum albumin (ALB) levels, and reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) levels without serious adverse effects. GRADE Quality of Evidence. the quality of SBP, the effective rate, ALB, and CRP were low, and hypotension incidence and DBP were very low. Conclusions. SFI is more effective than conventional therapies for prevention and treatment of IDH. However, a clinical recommendation is not warranted due to the small number of studies included and low methodology quality. Multi-center and high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes are needed to provide stronger evidence.

Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Submitted to Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of a protocol aiming to reduce hypotension in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients submitted to sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED). Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to two SLED prescriptions—control group, dialysate temperature was 37.0°C with a fixed sodium concentration [138 mEq/L] and ultrafiltration (UF) rate; and profiling group, dialysate temperature was 35.5°C with a variable sodium concentration [150–138 mEq/L] and UF rate. Results: Sixty-two SLED sessions were evaluated (34 in profiling and 28 in control). Patients (n = 31) were similar in terms of gender, age, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Dialysis time, dialysis dose, and post-dialysis serum sodium were similar in both groups. The profiling group had significantly less hypotension episodes (23% vs. 57% in control, p = 0.009) and achieved higher UF volume (2.23 ± 1.25 L vs. 1.59 ± 1.03 L in control, p = 0.04) when compared with control group. Conclusions: SLED protocol with modulation of dialysate temperature, sodium, and UF profiling showed similar efficacy but less intradialytic hypotension when compared with a standard SLED prescription.

Effect of intranasal DDAVP in prevention of hypotension during hemodialysis.

The development of intradialytic hypotension during hemodialysis (HD) in which fluid removal is the primary goal, contributes to the excessive morbidity that is associated with the dialysis procedure. In a double blinded clinical trial, we compared the possible effect of intranasal DDAVP with intranasal distilled water as a placebo in prevention of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in patients with known symptomatic IDH. In the first month of the study, nasal spray of distill water were administrated 30 minutes before all HD session (Placebo Group, Group 1) and then after a 30-day washout period we were used intranasal DDAVP 30 minutes before HD session (Vasopressin Group, Group 2). Blood pressure was measured just before HD, two hours later and after termination of HD. A hypotensive episode was defined as a decline of systolic blood pressure of more than 10mm Hg. In overall Seventeen patients (nine men, eight women; mean age, 47.5 years) with known symptomatic IDH were enrolled in the study. The kind of dialysis membranes, mean of blood flow rate, dialyzate flow rate and ultrafiltration rate were the same in both groups. Each group has 204 HD session (17 * 12). Hypotensive episode occurred 18 times (8.82%) in vasopressin group compared with 125 times (61.27%) in placebo group and there was a significant association between them (p=0.0001). In addition mean arterial blood pressure in vasopressin group was 80.77 and in placebo group was 73.92 and also there was a significant association (p=0.0001). The mean Kt/v in group 1 and 2 were 1.29 and 1.28 without any differences between them (p=0.896). These results indicate that Compared with placebo, Vasopressin is significantly associated with a decreased incidence of intradialytic hypotension episodes during hemodialysis.

Is there any role for sodium modeling in the prevention of intradialytic hypotension in patients with large interdialytic fluid gains?

Is there any role for sodium modeling in the prevention of intradialytic hypotension in patients with large interdialytic fluid gains?

Acute non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia of the small bowel in a patient started on hemodialysis: a case report

BackgroundNon-occlusive mesenteric ischemia is not uncommon in chronic hemodialysis patients and is the major cause of an acute abdomen in this population. Intensive ultrafiltration and intradialytic hypotension are usually the precipitation factors. A definite diagnosis is usually late and associated with high mortality. We present a rare case of a patient who developed abdominal symptoms during his first week on HD without having obvious hypotensive episodes.Case presentationA 76-year-old man was admitted with pulmonary edema and renal failure developed abdominal symptoms during his first week on hemodialysis without having obvious hypotensive episodes. Abdominal diagnostic procedures were all unrevealing. Mesenteric ischemia was diagnosed during laparoscopy done on the basis of physical findings and clinical suspicion. Ischemic small bowel of the distal ileum was resected and histopathology examination of the small bowel demonstrated transmural ischemic necrosis with hemorrhages and non-occluded mesenteric artery. Patient maid a steady recovery, and was discharged on the 11th post-operative day.ConclusionMesenteric ischemia should be systematically suspected in dialysis patients experiencing even mild and nonspecific abdominal symptoms with or without hemodialysis-induced hypotensive episodes. Identification of patients at risk and prevention of intradialytic hypotension may help to reduce the incidence of this potentially fatal complication in hemodialysis patients.

Clinical nursing reseach in prevention of intradialytic hypotension with hemodiaffitration

Objective To compare the effect of hemodiafiltration(HDF) on the incidence rate of intradialytie hypotension. Methods We followed up eighteen patients with symptomatic hypotension history and divided them into group A and group B.Group A was treated with conventional hemodialysis(CHD) and HDF, Group B adopted HDF with low temperture hemodialysis. The number of hypotensive episodes, blood temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass, energy transfer rates were assessed. Results The incidence of symptomatic hypotension of patients was found lower in CHD (40%) than in HDF (6%),P<0.01. Energy transfer rates were founded higher in CHD than in HDF and low temperture hemodialysis, P<0.01. Conclusions HDF significantly reduced hemodialysis-related side effects and increased the tolerance ability of patients. Key words: Hemodiafiltration; Intradialytie hypotension; Nursing Besearch

Vasopressin administration facilitates fluid removal during hemodialysis

Inadequate secretion of vasopressin during fluid removal by hemodialysis may contribute to the cardiovascular instability that complicates this therapy and administration of exogenous hormone, by supporting arterial pressure, may facilitate volume removal. To test this, we measured plasma vasopressin in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during hemodialysis and found that despite significant fluid removal, plasma vasopressin concentration did not increase. We further found that ESRD did not alter the endogenous removal rate of plasma vasopressin and that plasma hormone is not dialyzed. Finally, in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 22 hypertensive patients, we examined the effect of a constant infusion of a non-pressor dose of vasopressin on the arterial pressure response during a hemodialysis in which the target fluid loss was increased by 0.5 kg over the baseline prescription. We found that arterial pressure was more stable in the patients receiving vasopressin and that while only one patient (9%) in the vasopressin group had a symptomatic hypotensive episode, 64% of the patients receiving placebo had such an episode (P=0.024). Moreover, increased fluid removal was achieved only in the vasopressin group (520+/-90 ml vs 64+/-130 ml, P=0.01). Thus, administration of non-pressor doses of vasopressin to hypertensive subjects improves cardiovascular stability during hemodialysis and allows increased removal of excess extracellular fluid. Inadequate vasopressin secretion during hemodialysis-induced fluid removal is a likely contributor to the intradialytic hypotension that limits fluid removal.

Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Chronically Dialyzed Patients: A Disease with Multiple Risk Factors

Background: Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) can be a fatal complication in dialysis patients. Intradialytic hypotension is usually the precipitating factor. The occurrence of 16 cases in 5 years (1998–2002), compared with only 4 in previous years, led us to investigate other risk factors contributing to NOMI. A control group of stable hemodialysis patients was used for comparison. Results: 20 patients were studied: 17 diagnosed surgically, and 3 clinically. The mean age was 70.8 ± 1.8 years, and the male:female ratio 7:13. Nineteen patients were on hemodialysis. Clinically overt atherosclerosis was present in 17 patients. Preceding dialysis-associated hypotension was identified in all patients studied and access thrombosis in 6 patients. In all patients, abdominal pain was the presenting symptom. Initial abdominal examination was unimpressive in 16 patients. The hemoconcentration, leukocytosis and metabolic acidosis were the most prominent laboratory findings. 5/11 abdominal sonograms showed intestinal pathology. 2/3 angiographies were diagnostic. Three patients responded to early fluid challenge and did not require surgery. Pathology was related to the area of the superior mesenteric artery in all 15 patients operated. Twelve (60%) patients died from the event. The 1-year mortality rate was 17/20 patients (85%). Possible contributing factors, other than dialysis-associated hypotension, included: high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) therapy (179 ± 35 vs. 116 ± 10 U/kg/week in the control group, p < 0.05); metastatic calcifications (abdominal aorta 14/14, aortic valve 11/18; medial calcification of mesenteric arteries in 2/11 pathology specimens); digoxin, and hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions: The increased incidence of NOMI in dialysis patients may be related to overly aggressive rhEPO therapy and the unsuspected presence of mesenteric arterial medial calcifications. Identification of patients at risk, prevention of intradialytic hypotension and a controlled increase in dry weight may help to reduce the incidence of NOMI in chronically dialyzed patients.