Prevention Of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF NEWBORNS BORN TO MOTHERS INFECTED WITH CORONAVIRUS

One of the current problems of modern obstetrics is the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of intrauterine growth retardation. This pathology ranks second after prematurity among the causes of low-birth-weight babies. The prevalence of fetal retardation varies worldwide from 6.5 to 30.0% of all births, of which about 23% are very low birthweight and about 38% extremely low birthweight babies. A new coronavirus infection, caused by the viral pathogen SARS-CoV-2, which contributes to thrombotic microangiopathy in combination with hypercoagulation syndrome, is currently ongoing. During physiological pregnancy, there is known to be an increased risk of complications associated with both bleeding and thrombosis, which are affected by changes in fibrinolytic activity and hypercoagulable state, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in blood rheological properties. It significantly increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia, placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, and therefore leads to intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus. This study analyzed the status of newborn babies and the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation in women who had contracted coronavirus infection. Two groups of women were included in study: the first included those who became pregnant 3 to 6 months after a new coronavirus infection, and the second was a control group. The study found that women in the first group were more likely to have pre-eclampsia and their babies were more likely to be diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation.

АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ ПАЦИЕНТОК, ПЕРЕНЕСШИХ КОРОНОВИРУСНУЮ ИНФЕКЦИЮ

Abstract. One of the urgent problems of modern obstetrics is the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of intrauterine growth retardation. This pathology ranks second after prematurity among the causes of the birth of children with low body weight. The frequency of intrauterine growth retardation varies in different countries of the world from 6.5-30.0% of all newborns, of which about 23% are found among children with very low body weight and about 38% with extremely low body weight. Currently, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection continues, caused by the viral pathogen SARS-CoV-2, which contributes to the formation of thrombotic microangiopathy in combination with hypercoagulability syndrome. It is known that during physiological pregnancy, the risk of complications associated with both bleeding and thrombus formation increases, which is affected by changes in fibrinolytic activity and the state of hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in the rheological properties of blood. This virus can significantly increase the risk of developing pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia and, as a result, leads to intrauterine growth retardation. The study analyzes the condition of newborns and the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation in women who have recovered from coronovirus infection. The study included two groups of women: the first group consisted of patients whose pregnancy occurred 3-6 months after a new coronavirus infection, and the second group was a control group. As a result of the study, it was found that women of the first group more often suffered from preeclampsia, and their children were more often diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation.

Glucocorticoid metabolism and reproduction: a tale of two enzymes

Within potential target cells, the actions of physiological glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) are modulated by isoforms of the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD). To date, two isoforms of 11 beta HSD have been cloned: 11 beta HSD1 acts predominantly as an NADP(H)-dependent reductase to generate active cortisol or corticosterone, and 11 beta HSD2 is a high affinity NAD(+)-dependent enzyme that catalyses the enzymatic inactivation of glucocorticoids. Whereas the regeneration of active glucocorticoids by 11 beta HSD1 has been implicated in the cellular mechanisms of pituitary function, ovulation and parturition, the enzymatic inactivation of cortisol and corticosterone by 11 beta HSD enzymes appears to be central to the protection of gonadal steroidogenesis, prevention of intra-uterine growth retardation, and lactation. Recent evidence indicates that follicular fluid contains endogenous modulators of cortisol metabolism by 11 beta HSD1, the concentrations of which are associated with the clinical outcome of assisted conception cycles and are altered in cystic ovarian disease. In conclusion, the two cloned isoforms of 11 beta HSD fulfil diverse roles in a wide range of reproductive processes from conception to lactation.

Glucocorticoid metabolism and reproduction: a tale of two enzymes.

Within potential target cells, the actions of physiological glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) are modulated by isoforms of the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD). To date, two isoforms of 11 beta HSD have been cloned: 11 beta HSD1 acts predominantly as an NADP(H)-dependent reductase to generate active cortisol or corticosterone, and 11 beta HSD2 is a high affinity NAD(+)-dependent enzyme that catalyses the enzymatic inactivation of glucocorticoids. Whereas the regeneration of active glucocorticoids by 11 beta HSD1 has been implicated in the cellular mechanisms of pituitary function, ovulation and parturition, the enzymatic inactivation of cortisol and corticosterone by 11 beta HSD enzymes appears to be central to the protection of gonadal steroidogenesis, prevention of intra-uterine growth retardation, and lactation. Recent evidence indicates that follicular fluid contains endogenous modulators of cortisol metabolism by 11 beta HSD1, the concentrations of which are associated with the clinical outcome of assisted conception cycles and are altered in cystic ovarian disease. In conclusion, the two cloned isoforms of 11 beta HSD fulfil diverse roles in a wide range of reproductive processes from conception to lactation.

A meta-analysis of low dose aspirin for the prevention of intrauterine growth retardation: Leitich H.; Egarter C; Husslein P.; Kaider A.; Schemper M. AUT Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997 104/4 (450–459)

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 59, Issue 1 p. 87-88 Citations from the literature pregnancy and delivery A meta-analysis of low dose aspirin for the prevention of intrauterine growth retardation Leitich H.; Egarter C; Husslein P.; Kaider A.; Schemper M. AUT Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997 104/4 (450–459) First published: 11 May 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(97)90172-7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume59, Issue1October 1997Pages 87-88 RelatedInformation

A meta-analysis of low dose aspirin for the prevention of intrauterine growth retardation.

To determine more precisely the effect of prophylactic low dose aspirin on intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal mortality. Meta-analysis of 13 published randomised clinical trials. We searched 18 medical databases, including MEDLINE since 1964 and EMBASE since 1974, review articles and the references from each retrieved report to identify all studies evaluating the effect of aspirin in pregnancy and including both intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal mortality as outcome measures. Among 13,234 women from 13 studies between 1985 and 1994, aspirin showed a significant reduction in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.72-0.93; P = 0.003) and a nonsignificant reduction in perinatal mortality (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.66-1.08; P = 0.18). Subgroup analyses revealed that aspirin was effective at lower doses between 50 and 80 mg/day (IUGR: OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76-0.99; mortality: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.70-1.16), but that the preventive effect was greater at higher doses between 100 and 150 mg/day (IUGR: OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.22-0.59; mortality: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16-0.97) and among women entered before the 17th week of gestation (IUGR: OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21-0.58; mortality: OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.17-1.06). We did not identify any specific subgroup of women most likely to benefit from aspirin treatment. The results of this meta-analysis showed that early aspirin treatment reduced the risk of intrauterine growth retardation. Low dose aspirin should not be used routinely in pregnant women until those most likely to benefit from aspirin treatment have been clearly identified.

The effectiveness of antenatal care in preventing intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight due to preterm delivery.

A case-control study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of antenatal care in preventing intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and low birth weight due to preterm delivery (PD), using data from 1837 births which took place in 25 hospitals in Mexico City during 1984. Women with an inadequate number of visits for gestational age had 63% greater odds of IUGR (95% CI: 1.01, 2.65) and 51% greater odds of PD (95% CI: 1.02, 2.23) than women with an adequate number. The content of antenatal visits showed no independent effect on the prevention of IUGR. Women having had poor content showed a PD OR of 1.76 (95% IC: 1.33, 2.34). An important reduction in the incidence of births with IUGR and PD could be expected if women could attend an adequate number of antenatal visits (11 and 9% reductions, respectively). Eighteen per cent of the PD births would probably be prevented if antenatal care could include at least six procedures: blood pressure, height and weight, urine and blood samples, and pelvic examination.