Prevention Of Human Rights Violations Research Articles

The psychological impact of torture and state repression in Türkiye between 2015 and 2018: Reports from Turkish refugees seeking asylum in Germany.

Torture seeks to undermine not only the physical and emotional well-being of an individual, but to damage the coherence of entire communities. Thus, torture and state repression are used to weaken entire subpopulations. After the failed coup d'état in Türkiye in 2016 and during the subsequently following state of emergency that lasted until 2018, allegations of torture and other degrading treatment in Türkiye spread widely. Since then, the number of asylum-seekers in Germany has risen considerably. This paper analyses the reports of twenty Turkish citizens that fled to Germany to seek asylum in the aftermath of the events. In semi-structured interviews held in Turkish, we assessed the experiences of torture and state repression, psychological consequences, and the current well-being and living situation. All interviewees described illicit violence of state authorities and government supporters, especially while under arrest. Though the methods varied, there was a constant pattern of imbalance of power. The psychological impact of these methods were present after relocation to Germany and included signs of PTSD, anxiety disorders, and major depression. The reports of torture, state repression, and their psychological impact emphasise the importance for policy makers to address the prevention of human rights violations and support the needs of survivors.

Protection of the Civilian Population from Human Rights Violations through European Mechanisms in Wartime

The problem of protecting the civilian population from human rights violations in wartime becomes especially relevant in the context of current armed conflicts. The effectiveness of European human rights mechanisms plays a crucial role in preventing violations and ensuring accountability for committed crimes. The aim of the article is to study the mechanisms of protection of the civilian population from human rights violations through European institutions. The article analyses the activities of the European Court of Human Rights and other regulatory bodies responsible for human rights protection. The study’s results revealed that despite a strong legal framework and institutional structure, the efficiency of the highest instance is questionable – 50%. Statistical analysis showed the need to strengthen international cooperation and adapt existing mechanisms to the needs of the civilian population in the regions of hostilities. The study results emphasise the importance of developing and implementing new strategies for improving human rights protection. Further research should explore the possibilities of integrating the latest technologies into monitoring and recording violations to accelerate the adoption of existing enforcement mechanisms. The study’s practical significance is the analysis of the impact of international diplomatic efforts on the prevention of human rights violations in wartime.

Digitalization in logistics for textiles – possible fields of application for the Blockchain technology

The globalized supply chains of textiles and clothes involve multiple parties from different countries. Flows of goods, information and finances are coordinated through logistic processes, but offer potential for optimization in terms of digitalization and transparency. Incidents of the past prove that fundamental human rights standards and occupational safety are not met in global production countries yet. Legal regulations like the Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations for the Prevention of Human Rights Violations in Supply Chains (LkSG) shall help to improve the situation since 2023. Especially small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in Germany, to which the law applies indirectly through private-sector contracts from their non-SME consignees, struggle to control their global supply chain, to provide all necessary data and to ensure a traceable, fraud-resistant and manageable flow of information. Hence, the Center Textile Logistics investigated the potential of the Blockchain technology and its application possibilities for textile supply chains. The Blockchain technology offer chances in terms of securing clothing trademarks, proofing that standards of seals and certificates are met, proofing that political and legal regulations are met and in terms of controlling global processes that involve international suppliers and partners. However, the current state of the art of digitalization is often too low to directly apply the Blockchain technology and has to be improved first. The cost-benefit ratio has to be evaluated individually but the Blockchain technology offers great potential to rise transparency, ease communication and critical data exchange along textile supply chains.

Growth and Collaboration in Sustainable Finance Literature: Bibliometric Analysis

Objective: Research in the field of sustainable finance aims to understand the development and trends of sustainable finance over time and the relationship of keywords related to sustainable finance and research developments with authors who are very influential in further research. This research helps identify projects or sectors that contribute positively to sustainability and identify environmental and social risks that may result from investment activities. Additionally, to encourage innovation and development of financial products that support sustainability goals. Theoritical framework: Sustainable finance promotes sustainable business practices, including transparency, prevention of human rights violations, diversity, and positive societal contributions. The greenwashing phenomenon occurs a lot nowadays, where companies or products claim to have a positive or sustainable environmental impact, but the reality is inconsistent with these claims. Enhancing supervision, transparency, and strict sanctions are crucial to address these issues. Efforts are necessary to increase understanding and education about sustainable finance so that more parties can take relevant actions. Methods: Bibliometric analysis, there are dozens of tools to collect and analyze data. In this research, the tool to measure sustainable finance trends is Scopus, one of the popular academic databases for bibliometric analysis. This tool ensures access to scholarly journals, conferences, and other academic literature. Scopus offers rich information on publications, citations, citation index, and other metrics for bibliometric analysis. VOS viewer is a visualization tool to visualize collaboration networks, keyword clustering, and citation patterns in bibliometric analysis. Result & Conclusion: English is the most widely used language, with 644 total publications or 96.55% of Russian, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Ukrainian. In 2020, the publication trends related to sustainable finance were the most researched at 77 publications. It is identified that in 2022 the emergence of climate risks and opportunities associated with climate change will continue to be the research focus. There is a yellow cluster signifying the novelty associated with sustainable finance, i.e., Nigeria, New Zealand, Greece, and Finland. The second cluster is marked in light green. In 2021, sustainable finance research will be carried out in Italy, Germany, Spain, China, Bahrain, Malaysia and Indonesia. Furthermore, the third cluster marked in solid green in 2020, the United Kingdom dominates research, and the last cluster in purple in 2019 includes Switzerland, Denmark, Brazil, Canada, the United States, and South Africa. Implications: Implications of this study is Sustainable finance entails managing risks and uncertainties associated with environmental and social factors. Measuring and managing these risks involve assumptions and predictions that may have uncertainties. Contribution / Originality: Originality in this research is understanding the development, trends of sustainable finance over time, and understanding the relationship of keywords related to sustainable finance, and the advancement of research with authors who are prominent in further study.

Study on Legal Policy for Foreign Workers - Focus on Prevention of Human Rights Violations and Social Integration -

Study on Legal Policy for Foreign Workers - Focus on Prevention of Human Rights Violations and Social Integration -

Preventive reparations at a crossroads: the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Colombia’s search for peace

ABSTRACTIn recent cases regarding Colombia, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has deferred certain components of reparations to domestic mechanisms. This article reflects on this new tendency with regard to the ability of the court to generate changes within the state parties that will ensure the long-term prevention of human rights violations. A thorough examination of the court’s decisions in various Colombian cases demonstrates the progression of how this new approach emerged and shows that it stands in sharp contrast with the approach the court had developed since 2000. The article then turns to exploring possible causes for and consequences of these changes in the Colombian context.

Responsibility to Prevent Human Rights Violation: To the Question on a New Intersectional Principle of Modern International Law

Recently the issues of prevention of human rights violations has been attracting the attention of the world community Comprehensive consideration of the basic parameters of the general international state obligations to prevent human rights violations by international human rights bodies, as well as inter-State discussions to develop the concept of the responsibility to prevent human rights violations indicate the formation of a new in contemporary international law principle: the principle of the responsibility to prevent human rights violations. The purpose of this article is to study the legal enshrining of the content and legal nature of the principle. In order to achieve the objective the article 1) identifies and analyses the main parameters of an international responsibility of a State to prevent violations of human rights and freedoms in the areas of international law such as international human rights law, international criminal law and international law of armed conflict; 2) through comparative-legal analysis of international treaties and the practice of international bodies justifies cross-sectoral nature of the emerging and universally recognized principle of international law; as well as 3) analyses the main controversial points held within international bodies discussions to develop the content of the concept of the responsibility to prevent violations of human rights and freedoms It is concluded that there is the need for codification of the rules on prevention of violations of human rights in contemporary international law, on the basis, inter alia, of generalization of the relevant international practice with sufficient uniformity for recognition of the emergence of a new intersectoral principle of contemporary international law: the principle of the responsibility to prevent human rights violations.

Norm dilemmas and international organizational development: humanitarian intervention in the crisis of Bosnia and the reorganization of North Atlantic Treaty Organization

ABSTRACTConventional constructivism presents conforming to normative expectations as a constituent force in state legitimacy. However, what is broadly considered appropriate is not necessarily realized since concrete action can collide with other norms, just as prevention of human rights violations is generally viewed as desirable, but related action provokes a debate over sovereign integrity and the use of force. This article argues that this ‘norm dilemma’ prompts states to develop international organizations. That is to say, if international mechanisms exist to deal with regional contingencies effectively, such dilemmas that accompany intervention are more likely to be pre-empted. For this reason, states move towards development of institutions for security management. This article examines this claim by analyzing North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO's) reorganization through the intervention in Bosnia and explains why investigating norm dilemmas elucidates more aspects of this case than paying attention to the influence of humanitarian norms alone. Given the stress placed on conflict ‘prevention’ in NATO today, instead of promotion of intervention, as reiterated in the 2010 Strategic Concept, analysis of the first major crisis in post-Cold War Europe offers important insights into future management of norm dilemmas by the Alliance.

Europos žmogaus teisių teismas ‒ konstitucinė justicija prieš individualią?

Europos žmogaus teisių teismas ‒ konstitucinė justicija prieš individualią?

Legitimacy‐as‐Feeling: How Affect Leads to Vertical Legitimacy Spillovers in Transnational Governance

AbstractTransnational governance schemes (TGSs) are interorganizational networks of public and/or private actors that jointly regulate global public policy issues, such as the prevention of human rights violations and the protection of ecosystems. Considering that TGSs mainly address issues of public concern, the general public represents a major source of legitimacy in transnational governance. We theorize how members of the general public, whom we conceptualize as intuiters, apply heuristics to bestow legitimacy on TGSs. Given the difficulty of assessing TGSs, we argue that intuiters draw on affect‐based responses towards a TGS's better‐known network affiliates, such as participating business firms, to judge the legitimacy of the TGS as a whole. This substitution produces a ‘vertical’ legitimacy spillover. More specifically, we examine the heuristic process of judgment underlying vertical spillovers in TGSs and derive implications for the legitimacy construct and the analysis of spillover phenomena.

The Institution of a Commissioner for Human Rights and Minorities and the Prevention of Human Rights Violations

The Institution of a Commissioner for Human Rights and Minorities and the Prevention of Human Rights Violations

Monitoring Human Rights in Europe. Comparing International Procedures and Mechanisms. Edited by Arie Bloed, Liselotte Leicht, Manfred Nowak, and Allan Rosas. Dordrecht, London, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993. Pp. xvi, 327. Index. Dfl.l85; $115;£74.

Abbreviations. Introduction. The monitoring of human rights and the prevention of human rights violations through reporting procedures V. Dimitrijevic. The efficiency of individual complaint procedures: the experience of CCPR, CERD, CAT and ECHR R. Mullerson. Monitoring the CSCE Human Dimension: in search of its effectiveness A. Bloed. A comparative study of the monitoring mechanisms and the important institutional frameworks for human rights protection with the Council of Europe, the CSCE and the European Community M. Pentikainen, M. Scheinin. The contribution of NGOs to the monitoring and protection of human rights in Europe: an analysis of the role and access of NGOs to the intergovernmental organisations R. Brett. International mechanisms for the prevention of torture M. Nowak, W. Suntinger. International mechanisms for the monitoring and the protection of minority rights: their advantages, disadvantages and interrelationships G. Alfredsson, D. Turk. Future protection of economic and social rights in Europe A. Eide. International monitoring mechanisms in situations of armed conflict A. Rosas. The collective responsibility of states to ensure respect for humanitarian principles L. de Boisson de Chazournes. From Nuremburg to the Balkans: the international war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia N. Howen. Case study on the former Yugoslavia: the international mechanisms, their efficiency and failures R. Wieruszewski. General conclusions and recommendations. Index.

Apartheid Medicine

Human rights and health care under apartheid in South Africa were studied. Human rights violations, such as detention without charge or trial, assault and torture in police custody, and restriction orders, have had devastating effects on the health of persons experiencing them. These violations have occurred in the context of a deliberate policy of discriminatory health care favoring the white minority over the black majority. South Africa's medical societies have had mixed responses to the health problems raised by human rights violations and inequities in the health care system. The amelioration of health care for all and prevention of human rights violations depend on ending apartheid and discrimination and greater government attention to these problems. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2097-2102)

Apartheid medicine. Health and human rights in South Africa

Human rights and health care under apartheid in South Africa were studied. Human rights violations, such as detention without charge or trial, assault and torture in police custody, and restriction orders, have had devastating effects on the health of persons experiencing them. These violations have occurred in the context of a deliberate policy of discriminatory health care favoring the white minority over the black majority. South Africa's medical societies have had mixed responses to the health problems raised by human rights violations and inequities in the health care system. The amelioration of health care for all and prevention of human rights violations depend on ending apartheid and discrimination and greater government attention to these problems.

UN Prevention of Human Rights Violations: The Bangladesh Case

The United Nations never deliberately considered the massacre of at least several hundred thousand persons and the perpetration of other forms of gross violations of human rights in Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan, from March to December 1971. The UN's non-response to these tragic events represents a serious omission in the exercise of its responsibility to promote human rights. Prompt UN consideration of the human rights violations when they were first reported might have prevented further violations as well as the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan and the hostilities between India and Pakistan. The Bangladesh experience vividly illustrates the inextricable relationship between the UN Charter's principles of promoting human rights and maintaining international peace and security. It also illustrates, unfortunately, that member states consider that the charter's principle of non-interference in matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of a member state may prohibit UN intervention until a situation reaches a level of international conflict incapable of a non-violent solution. Scholars of UN affairs should consider the implications of the Bangladesh experience in terms of UN capability to prevent human rights violations. In December 1970, the Awami League-the East Pakistani political party led by Sheik Mujib Rahman, the present prime minister of Bangladesh-won a majority of the seats in the national assembly. The government of Pakistan refused to convene the national assembly, since it would result in shifting political control from West to East Pakistan. The government and the Awami League attempted to negotiate a political settlement. On March 25, the government discontinued nego-