Prevention Of Gingival Inflammation Research Articles

Comparative Clinical Effects of Salvadora Persica Oral Rinse and A Phenolic Commercial Mouth Wash on Human Oral Health; An Invivo Randomized Trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of Salvadora persica oral rinse and commercial Phenolic mouth wash on oral health status of socially deprived madrasa girls after six months of a triple blind randomized clinical trial. METHODOLOGY: Girls aged 18-22 years living permanently in a madrasa of Multan city were recruited. After determining the sample size and trial duration participants were randomized into group A and Group B and were provided with freshly Salvadora persica oral rinse and commercial Phenolic mouth washes respectively. Pre, mid and post-interventional examinations were executed by a single, blind and calibrated examiner using Turesky Quigley Hein Plaque and Loe and Silness Gingival indices. Statistical analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics, two sample independent t-tests and ANOVA. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant at 95 % confidence level and 80% power. RESULTS: Sixty subjects were enrolled for the present trial. The mean age of the participants was found out to be 21.5±0.76 years. No statistically significant difference was identified between the mean Plaque and Gingival scores of the two interventional groups at any of the examination phase. CONCLUSION: Salvadora persica oral rinse is suggested to be equally effective as the commercial Phenolic mouth wash for the control of plaque deposition and prevention of gingival inflammation. KEYWORDS: Dental plaque, Gingivitis, Miswak, Mouthwash

The effect of the octenidine-based oral antiseptic on the structure of microbial communities and periodontal status in patients with fixed orthodontic treatments.

To evaluate the effect of an octenidine (OCT)-based antiseptic on the gingival inflammation and microbial composition of subgingival dental plaque in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Thirty-three orthodontic patients were randomized into 2 groups. The control group patients were given standard oral hygiene and dietary advice, while the experimental group patients used an OCT-based antiseptic together with standard oral hygiene and dietary recommendations. The periodontal status was evaluated using the following indices: the plaque index (PI), the gingival index (GI), the papilla bleeding index (PBI) and the probing pocket depth (PD). Next Generation Sequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicons was performed in order to assess the subgingival microbiome. The PD values obtained were significantly lower in the experimental group after one month, as well as PBI. The microbiological analysis showed a significant increase in the occurrence of the genus Prevotella in the control group, while the number of other periodontopathogens remained stable in both groups. The changes in the abundance of the bacteria not directly associated with periodontal disease were also observed. The use of an OCT-based antiseptic has a positive effect on the prevention of gingival inflammation. Additionally, it also prevents a likely increase in numbers of periodontopathogens of the subgingival dental plaque in the first three months of fixed orthodontic treatment.

Assessment of oral hygiene trends among dental patients in relation to chronic medical conditions by dental students. A cross-sectional study.

SummaryIntroductionThere is a lack of information about knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding oral hygiene and dietary habits of adult patients attending dental clinical settings. Hypertension, diabetes, obesity and caries are increasing among different populations, resulting in the deterioration of the quality of life related to oral and general health.ObjectivesTo involve second year dental students in assessing oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, dietary habits and general health of dental patients, and screening for blood pressure, blood glucose level and obesity.Participants and methodsA convenient sample of 652 adult subjects participated in the study. They were screened, and involved in an interviewer - led questionnaire, led by the students over the period of two successive academic years (2013-2014 and 2014-2015).ResultsSubjects with high blood pressure and /or blood glucose levels were more likely to disagree regarding the presence of a relation between general health and dental health [(correlation coefficient (r) = – 0.159, probability value P < 0.001) (correlation coefficient (r) = – 0.257, probability value P < 0.001) respectively]. Subjects with high BMI were less aware of the importance of using the tooth brush in prevention of gingival inflammation. The overall students’ satisfaction score was 71.5%. The practical part of the research had the highest satisfaction score (83.7%).ConclusionsThere is scarcity of data regarding dental healthcare knowledge and attitudes in dental clinical settings. Additional clinical training for dental students would increase their willingness to play a preventive and educational role in the oral care of patients.

A Manual Bristleless Toothbrush Demonstrates Slight Improvement in Gingival Recession Compared to a Conventional Soft Manual Brush.

This randomized clinical trial tested whether a novel bristleless toothbrush design is more effective in preventing gingival recession in adults receiving periodontal maintenance than is a soft toothbrush with nylon bristles. Twenty-three subjects with gingival recession were recruited who received regular periodontal maintenance care at Western University of Health Sciences Dental Center, and who did not exhibit signs of acute dental or systemic disease, occlusal discrepancies or parafunctional habits. These subjects were randomly assigned to to two groups, one using a soft nylon-bristled toothbrush, and the other using the experimental toothbrush that contains a brush head with short, soft, rubbery cones. Both groups received regular periodontal maintenance and periodontal exams by blinded examiners every 3-4 months, measuring probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque indices. Gingival recession was assessed clinically and through use of a stent on diagnostic casts obtained at each visit. Average probing depths, plaque levels, and the number of sites with bleeding on probing did not change over at least 9 months. After 9 months, there was a small but statistically significant improvement in gingival recession (0.4 mm, p < 0.01) at sites with gingival recession in the experimental toothbrush group compared to the control group. In periodontal maintenance patients, the bristleless toothbrush used in this study was as effective in plaque removal and prevention of gingival inflammation than a conventional toothbrush with soft nylon bristles, while increasing the possibility of gingival tissue rebound over denuded root surfaces.

Antimicrobial agents used in the control of periodontal biofilms: effective adjuncts to mechanical plaque control?

The control of biofilm accumulation on teeth has been the cornerstone of periodontal disease prevention for decades. However, the widespread prevalence of gingivitis suggests the inefficiency of self-performed mechanical plaque control in preventing gingival inflammation. This is particularly relevant in light of recent evidence suggesting that long standing gingivitis increases the risk of loss of attachment and that prevention of gingival inflammation might reduce the prevalence of mild to moderate periodontitis. Several antimicrobials have been tested as adjuncts to mechanical plaque control in order to improve the results obtained with oral home care. Recent studies, including meta-analyses, have indicated that home care products containing chemical antimicrobials can provide gingivitis reduction beyond what can be accomplished with brushing and flossing. Particularly, formulations containing chlorhexidine, mouthrinses containing essential oils and triclosan/copolymer dentifrices have well documented clinical antiplaque and antigingivitis effects. In vivo microbiological tests have demonstrated the ability of these antimicrobial agents to penetrate the biofilm mass and to kill bacteria growing within biofilms. In addition, chemical antimicrobials can reach difficult-to-clean areas such as interproximal surfaces and can also impact the growth of biofilms on soft tissue. These agents have a positive track record of safety and their use does not seem to increase the levels of resistant species. Further, no study has been able to establish a correlation between mouthrinses containing alcohol and oral cancer. In summary, the adjunct use of chemical plaque control should be recommended to subjects with well documented difficulties in achieving proper biofilm control using only mechanical means.

Long‐Term Effect of Two Preventive Programs on the Incidence of Plaque and Gingivitis in Adolescents

The efficacy of two oral hygiene training programs on the control of plaque and the prevention of gingival inflammation in adolescents was evaluated during a 3-year period. A population of 227 Brazilian schoolchildren were divided into 3 groups. The first group received a comprehensive program based on individual needs and included information sessions pertaining to the etiology and prevention of dental diseases together with extensive training in self-diagnosis and oral hygiene. In addition, an information session was arranged for parents and teachers of these children. The second group received a less comprehensive program consisting of conventional oral hygiene training. The third group (control) received no preventive program. The programs were presented through frequent initial training sessions ensued by infrequent follow-up visits. During the experimental period, the two oral hygiene training programs involved 3.5 and 1.5 hours per child, respectively. The children were examined clinically at baseline and annually over the next 3 years to assess plaque and gingival bleeding and the data were analyzed by a multi-level variance component analysis. All children showed a perpetual improvement in their oral hygiene and gingival state during the course of the study. However, the improvements observed in the comprehensive group were significantly better than that of the control group. Results from the less comprehensive group were not significantly different from the control group. Longer exposure to the programs appeared to produce more improvement; children with higher plaque and gingivitis scores prior to the program showed less favorable results; girls exhibited better results than boys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

中学生を対象にした歯肉炎予防に関する研究

中学生を対象にした歯肉炎予防に関する研究

Chlorhexidine digluconate–an agent for chemical plaque control and prevention of gingival inflammation

In selecting antimicrobial agents for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases, the following factors should be considered: 1. Specificity, 2. Efficacy, 3. Substantivity, 4. Safety, 5. Stability. Using these criteria, several antibiotics and antiseptics have been evaluated in recent years for chemical plaque control. While antibiotics are mostly used under a specific plaque hypothesis, antiseptics are more suitable for a non‐specific plaque concept. Several antiseptics hinder plaque formation or even break up old plaque. For example, quaternary ammonium compounds, combinations of metal ions with pyrimidines or with fluorides, phenolic compounds, and plant alkaloids have yielded a plaque reducing effect of 20–20% and have also delayed slightly the development of gingivitis. Years of documented research have established that chlorhexidine digluconate is safe, stable, and, owing to its great substantivity, effective in preventing and controlling plaque formation, breaking up existing plaque, and inhibiting and reducing the development of gingivitis. In studies of 6 months and longer, chlorhexidine has been shown to reduce gingivitis by 50–50% compared to a placebo control. Chlorhexidine is the most effective and most thoroughly tested antiplaque and antigingivitis agent known today.

歯周疾患に対するマウスウォッシュ (クロルヘキシジン複合口洗液) の二重盲検法による比較検討

Thirty one patients participated in this study. The effect of Chlorhexidine-Gluconate containing mouthwashes has been evaluated in two groups of thirty one patients during a period of 5 months.In the first group, L-S solution of Chlorhexidine-gluconate and Lactic Alminium and/or in the second group, placebo solution was used five times a day.It is suggested that inhibition of plaque and prevention of gingival inflammation may be controlled by daily mouthrinses of L-S solution of Chlorhexidine-gluconate and Lactic Aluminium compared with placebo solution, provided the agent is administrated in such a way that is reached all teeth surfaces.