Prevention Of Diaper Dermatitis Research Articles

Infant skin care: prevention of diaper dermatitis

Skin care in children has been a problem exercising the minds of both parents and doctors from the moment of birth. Why are they so interested in knowing about the infant skin and care for it? Consideration must be given to the anatomical and physiological features of the newborn skin structure and differences from the adult skin structure. Its weight accounts for 10–13% of the newborn body weight as compared to 3% of the adult body weight. Anatomical maturity only partially correlates with functional maturity, these differences concern both barrier function and thermoregulation. The epidermis in newborns and infants is much thinner, looser, the layers are underdeveloped. The epidermal basement membrane connecting the epidermis and the dermis is made up of four poorly differentiated sublayers, the cells are of small size, the number of desmosomes at the cell-cell junctions is also much lower, which results in the unstable connection between the epidermis and the dermis. These distinctive features explain the difference in the newborn skin care, the choice of care products, the prevention of various pathological conditions, and even the subtleties of treatment. The variety of skin care products for newborns, the difference in composition and different dosage forms can cause confusion in young parents, and improper use of such products and various disturbing factors can lead to impairment of the normal state and function of the skin. And as a consequence of this, various pathological conditions may develop that already require active and even long-term treatment. The purpose of this article is to give the reader a brief picture of the anatomical and functional features of the skin structure, any changes developing in the postnatal period, and the need for the use of skin care products. It provides the skincare rules, compliance with which will not lead to the opposite effect.

A review of the prevalence and factors associated with the development and prevention of diaper dermatitis in infants

A review of the prevalence and factors associated with the development and prevention of diaper dermatitis in infants

Shifts in the skin microbiome associated with diaper dermatitis and emollient treatment amongst infants and toddlers in China.

The microbiological basis of diaper dermatitis has not been clearly elucidated; however, a better understanding of microbial colonization may be vital for developing appropriate therapies. Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing technology, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities obtained from the buttock skin sites of children with diaper dermatitis and from healthy controls. Bacterial diversity in the buttock lesion area and subsequent recovery after emollient treatment have been discussed herein. In buttock skin of children with or without diaper dermatitis, Staphylococcus and Anaerococcus were predominant in the total skin microbiome. Compared with the healthy group, the overall skin bacterial richness and diversity were higher in children with diaper dermatitis, with the abundance of Proteobacteria being significantly higher. In the diaper dermatitis group, the richness of Enterococcus, Erwinia and Pseudomonas was significantly higher, and the levels of Clostridium and Actinomyces were significantly lower than those in healthy children. Richness of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in the diaper dermatitis group, whereas that of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bifidobacterium longum was lower. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, the dominant species found in buttock skin, were observed to recover earlier after the disease had improved through emollient treatment. Staphylococcus epidermidis, as skin probiotic bacterium, and Blongum, Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus ruminis, which are intestinal probiotic bacteria, are significantly decreased in diaper dermatitis lesions. These changes in the buttock skin microflora indicate an imbalance in the microflora and suggest that the intestinal microflora may be undergoing dynamic changes. The results of this study suggest that probiotic bacterial supplementation may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis.

Neonatal skin care: Developments in care to maintain neonatal barrier function and prevention of diaper dermatitis.

Understanding the importance of the barrier function of the skin of preterm and term neonates is crucial in effective neonatal skin and diaper care. This literature search aimed to review the development of different practices in neonatal care to maintain skin barrier function, in turn preventing diaper dermatitis. We performed two quantitative literature searches of English language studies: an initial literature search of studies published in the last 5years was conducted using Cinahl, Medline, Embase, British Nursing Index, and DelphiS, followed by a second search of publications from 1990 to 2017 using the National Institute of Clinical Excellence Health Databases Advanced Search using key words, synonyms, and Boolean phrasing. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance. One hundred ten studies were analyzed for the purpose of this review; however, data are of variable quality. Guidance can be drawn from the existing literature relating to best practice options for diaper area cleansing methods, diaper type selection, and use of barrier creams. More research is required into the benefit or otherwise of diaper-free time. Super-absorbent diapers reduce moisture at skin level and reduce diaper dermatitis. Barrier creams carry benefit both in prevention and cure but do not provide a substitute for frequent diaper changes. The literature does not demonstrate superiority of one cleansing method over another, but neither the use of wipes nor water increases diaper dermatitis prevalence. Further studies are required to explore the potential benefit of diaper-free time, taking due consideration of the practicalities, particularly for vulnerable neonates within the Intensive Care setting.

Approaches to treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis

The article deals with the features of skin structure and functions in infants and the causes of diaper dermatitis. It determined the priority of preventive measures and the choice of optimal agents for topical application that meet international standards. The requirements for topical agents used in infants for prevention of DD are described in detail, according to the international opinion of the experts group.

Diagnosis and management of diaper dermatitis in infants with emphasis on skin microbiota in the diaper area.

Diaper dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin eruption within the diaper area in infants and toddlers. Although it rarely causes problems for prolonged periods of time, it causes considerable distress for both infants and parents. Diapered skin is exposed to friction, excessive hydration, varying pH, and is in constant contact with urine and feces, both of which are highly irritant to the skin. The three most common types of diaper dermatitis include chaffing dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and diaper candidiasis. However, a variety of other skin conditions may manifest in the diaper area. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are most frequently isolated from the affected area and are thought to have a predominant role in diaper dermatitis. The review includes an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and common skin microbiota in the diaper area. State-of-the-art strategies for diagnosis, management, and prevention of diaper dermatitis are also included. Appropriate skin care can help in the prevention of diaper dermatitis and can aid the reparation of the skin. This review discusses common causes, skin microbiota within the diapered area, differential diagnosis, and finally possible prevention and treatment recommendations. Recent findings have proven that the key to efficient eradication of irritant diaper dermatitis lies in its prevention.

Peculiarities of the Course and Prevention of Diaper Dermatitis in Newborns and Infants

The article presents current data on the peculiarities of the etiology and pathogenesis of diaper dermatitis in newborns and infants. The role of enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, of bacterial and fungal agents in its development is showed. The data on peculiarities of the differential diagnosis of skin diseases involving the anogenital area is given. The peculiarities of psoriasis manifestation with typical inversion of skin pathological process in infancy are noted. The results of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of dexpanthenol in the treatment of diaper dermatitis are highlighted, the basic principles of its prevention are announced.

Prevention of diaper dermatitis in infants--a literature review.

Diaper dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common skin conditions in neonates and infants, with a peak between the ages of 9 and 12months. Appropriate skin care practices that support skin barrier function and protect the buttocks skin from urine and feces are supposed to be effective in the prevention of DD. Despite many recommendations for parents and caregivers on proper diaper skin care, there is no up-to-date synthesis of the available evidence to develop recommendations for DD prevention practice. Therefore we performed a systematic literature review on the efficacy of nonmedical skin care practices on the diapered area of healthy, full-term infants ages 0 to 24months. We identified 13 studies covering skin care practices such as cleansing, bathing, and application of topical products. DD prevalence and incidence and physiologic skin parameters were used as efficacy parameters. The results of this review indicate that cleansing of the diaper area using baby wipes or water and a washcloth have comparable effects on diapered skin. Bathing with a liquid baby cleanser twice weekly seems comparable with water alone. The application of ointments containing zinc oxide or petrolatum with or without vitamin A seems to have comparable effects on DD severity. There seems to be no information on whether single skin care practices such as cleansing, bathing, and application of topical preparations can prevent DD. High-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to show the effectiveness of skin care practices for controlling and preventing DD.

Neonatal skin care: a concise review

Skin care practices play an important role in the health of well newborns and hospitalized neonates. Fortunately, for many aspects of neonatal skin care, there exist evidence- or consensus-based recommendations to guide best practices. Based on our review of the recent medical literature, we include in this manuscript the current recommendations regarding neonatal skin cleansing and antisepsis; umbilical cord care; use of emollients; and prevention of diaper dermatitis. In addition, we review the recommended practices for preventing and treating pressure ulcers, wounds, and other skin injuries in hospitalized neonates.

Skin Care of the Diaper Area

The skin of the diaper area has special needs for protection from the irritating effects of urine and feces and prevention of diaper dermatitis. These needs include products such as diapers that absorb the excreta, as well as products for cleansing and conditioning the skin. A number of factors play a role in development of diaper dermatitis, including prolonged exposure to excreta, alterations in skin pH or increased hydration, and changes in skin microbial flora. Recent decades have seen great improvements in our understanding of these factors and our ability to develop new and better products to protect baby skin. Better diaper designs and the development of pH-buffered baby wipes have improved the care of skin in the diaper area. Continuing research offers the promise of new products with additional benefits for caregivers and infants.

Tribological and mycological consequences of the use of a miconazole nitrate-containing paste for the prevention of diaper dermatitis: an open pilot study

Tribological and mycological consequences of the use of a miconazole nitrate-containing paste for the prevention of diaper dermatitis: an open pilot study