Decubitus Prevention Research Articles

Massage Efflurage VCO Terhadap Pencegahan Dekubitus pada Pasien Tirah Baring di RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali

Background: Decubitus ulcers are damage/death of the skin to the tissue under the skin, if not treated immediately it will be one of the factors a person dies. The prevalence of decubitus in America is around 25%, in Europe it is 10.5% and in England it is from 6.7% to 42.7%, and in Indonesia as a whole it is 33%.The implementation of preventing decubitus pharmacologically, one of which is by rubbing massage on the back which is called massage efflurage. Purpose: to determine whether there is an effect of massage efflurage on decubitus prevention. Method: this type of research is descriptive with a case study. The application was carried out on 2 patients selected by purposive sampling method with inclusion and exclusion criteria. This efflurage massage is carried out for 4-5 minutes 2x/day for 3 days. The research instrument used SOP massage efflurage by doing massage by applying a little rubbing pressure, observation sheets and informed consent. Results: from the results of observations made for 3 days on 2 respondents Ny. S and Mr. M indicates that the braden scale increases from day 2 and 3, which means that there is a reduced risk of developing decubitus in 2 respondents. Conclusion: there is an effect of VCO efflurage massage to prevent pressure sores in patients in the ICU.

Health policy approach to the treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers

A pressure sore (decubitus) is a wound that develops on the skin and subcutaneous tissue in places exposed to pressure. Primarily occurs in elderly, non-mobile individuals, the prevention and control of which requires not only medical and nursing participation, but it also financial expenditure. In our study, after a systematic document analysis, we present the relevant results of the decubitus survey conducted among state hospitals during Q2 of 2022, focusing on the organizational and management factors of decubitus prevention and care. The national survey was comprehensive in terms of the range of institutions relevant to decubitus care. After defining the selection criteria, we got a picture of 86 institutional practices for the base year of 2019. During the review and systematization of domestic and European Union professional policy documents, regulators and strategy documents, it can be established that pressure ulcer prevention and care can be adapted to several development policy objectives, and its incidence appears as a quality indicator of the health sector. Based on the results of our national decubitus survey, it can be said that domestic good practices operate in isolation, our reporting system is inhomogeneous, and the documentation is not uniform in our institutional system. 17 of the 86 institutions have new (2021-2022) documents regulating decubitus care at the institutional level, which in 17% of the institutions are dated 2010 or earlier. The scope of revision of the regulatory documents is set at 10% of the institutions. 61 of the examined institutions (71%) operate decubitus teams, 55 institutions (64%) use prophylactic bandages. There is a lack of professional monitoring measures and quality indicators, institutional-level expenditure analyses, controlling-type feedback, which would form the basis of costing and cost-effectiveness analyses. In addition to our proposals for several organizational and managerial measures, we advocate the renewal of the relevant professional directive and the introduction of a uniform institutional reporting system as well. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(21): 821-830.

EFEKTIFITAS PERUBAHAN POSISI DAN MASSAGE PADA PASEN TIRAH BARING DALAM PENCEGAHAN TERJADINYA DEKUBITUS DI RSUD AL IHSAN KABUPATEN BANDUNG

ABSTRACT 
 Decubitus is a problem that many patients with chronic diseases, patients who are very weak, and paralyzed for a long time face. Decubitus can be prevented, with various actions including by adjusting the position and doing massage. Changing body position can reduce the pressure of continuing to stay in one body position. Generally decubitus sores will occur in the back, buttocks, hips, heels, arms, or spinal area, for this reason massage actions need to be done to improve blood circulation, boost the immune system, and improve the respiratory system. The general objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of position changes and massage in bed rest patients in preventing decubitus at RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung. The type of research used is analytic research with a quasi-experimental approach using pre and post test designs. The study population was all bed rest patients treated at Al Ihsan Hospital using an accidental sample. The results showed that position changes in bed rest patients were effective in preventing decubitus at RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung with a tailed significant value of 0.00 <0.05. Massage performed on bedridden patients is effective in preventing pressure sores, with a tailed significant value of 0.02 <0.05. The action of changing position every 1 hour is more effective than the act of massage every 3 times a day. in treating patients who require bed rest in the prevention of decubitus.
 Keywords: Change of Position, Massage, bed rest, decubitus
 

Assessment of Nursing Practice, Competences at Clinical to Prevent Decubitus Ulcers at Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore Pakistan

Introduction: Globally higher-than-anticipated decubitus ulcer rates normally viewed as a quality-of-care indicator. Numerous nations at present have no national strategies for pressure ulcer hazard appraisal, anticipation, and treatment. Decubitus ulcer led to torment and distress for patients and furthermore cause disease, defer healing, increment duration of patient's stay in hospital, and may prompt sickness and even expiry Methodology: quantitative observational descriptive study design was used to assess the nursing practice, competences at clinical to prevent decubitus ulcers at tertiary care hospital, data was collected through the standardized checklist regarding decubitus ulcer prevention. The check consists of 27 items. Results: The findings of this study revealed that there are poor practices of nurses regarding prevention of decubitus of critically ill patients. Conclusion: This study was conducted to assess level of nurses’ practice towards pressure ulcer prevention. Generally, the study showed that: Nurses’ overall practice regarding pressure ulcer prevention was poor. Education can bring a change in individual behavior so change in knowledge can influence the practices. So, nurses need to get continuing education and training about pressure ulcer prevention that will enhance their knowledge and practices. Further researches about pressure ulcer prevention are needed. Keywords: Decubitus ulcer, Practice, Prevention, Patient. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/100-06 Publication date: May 31 st 2022

Relationship on Knowledge Level of Nurses About Prevention of Decubitus Towards Stroke Patients in The Inpatient Room

The decubitus is damage to the integrity of the skin or can be said to be a wound due to trauma and surgery as well as a chronic disease caused by prolonged pressure on the skin which causes irritation. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of nurses in preventing pressure sores on stroke patients in the inpatient room. By conducting a study entitled the relationship between the level of knowledge of nurses about prevention of pressure sores on stroke patients in the inpatient room at RSU Imelda Workers Indonesia Medan in 2020. This research is a quantitative study using a descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were nurses who served in the inpatient room as many as 133 nurses and the sample in this study was 57 nurses based on sampling technique. While the incidence at Imelda Hospital Medan based on the level of knowledge of nurses based on the majority of respondents whose age interval is 20-25 years as many as 25 people (44%), while the minority of respondents whose age interval is 41-45 years are 5 people (9%). Based on the majority of respondents whose last education interval was D3 as many as 35 people (61%), while the minority of respondents whose last education interval was Nurses were 4 people (7%). Based on the majority of respondents whose gender interval is female as many as 34 people (60%), while the minority of respondents whose gender interval is male as many as 23 people (40%). And the majority of respondents whose working period interval is less than 1 year are 19 people (33%), while the minority of respondents whose working period is 7-8 years are 23 people (40%). ), while as many as 16 people (28%), and less than 10 people (18%). Conclusions were obtained based on the research. The level of knowledge of nurses about decubitus in the Imelda Hospital inpatient room, Medan, was that most nurses already understood. And the suggestion from the researcher is that it is highly expected to be able to further improve the right service for stroke patients in the Imelda Hospital inpatient room, Medan.

ASSESSMENT OF NURSING PRACTICE, COMPETENCES AT CLINICAL TO PREVENT DECUBITUS ULCERS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL LAHORE PAKISTAN

Introduction: Globally higher-than-anticipated decubitus ulcer rates normally viewed as a quality of care indicator. Numerous nations at present has no national strategies for pressure ulcer hazard appraisal, anticipation, and treatment. Decubitus ulcer lead to torment and distress for patients and furthermore cause disease, defer healing, increment duration of patient's stay in hospital, and may prompt sickness and even expiry Methodology: quantitative observational descriptive study design was used to assess the nursing practice, competences at clinical to prevent decubitus ulcers at tertiary care hospital, data was collected through the standardized checklist regarding decubitus ulcer prevention. The check consists of 27 items. Results: The findings of this study revealed that there are poor practices of nurses regarding prevention of decubitus of critically ill patients. Conclusion: This study was conducted to assess level of nurses’ practice towards pressure ulcer prevention. Generally, the study showed that: Nurses’ overall practice regarding pressure ulcer prevention was poor. Education can bring a change in individual behavior so change in knowledge can influence the practices. So, nurses need to get continuing education and training about pressure ulcer prevention that will enhance their knowledge and practices. Further researches about pressure ulcer prevention are needed. Key words: Decubitus ulcer, Practice, Prevention, Patient. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/74-09 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Knowledge and Contribution of Nurses in the Prevention of Bedsore Decubitus in the Surgical Ward

Bed sore commonly known as pressure sore, skin ulcers or decubitus are cuts, lesions or swelling caused due to prolonged pressure on any part of the body and usually affects part of the body over bony areas. Bedsore commonly occur among handicapped, disabled, paralyzed or bedridden patients as they are unable to change their position frequently and continuous pressure on specific part of body lead to bed sores. This disorder can be treated effectively if found early but can become a life-threatening condition as it cuts off blood circulation to parts of the body (Darke Smith et al.,2010). Most prominence are the buttocks, tailbone and shoulder blades. This can be caused by friction, pressure etc. Bedsore has 4 stages if not well managed. Some of the early nursing intervention should be turning the patient every 2hrs cushioning, preventing moist and inspecting the patient’s body daily. Some complication like cellulitis, bone and joint infection, cancer are some of the possible complication. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge and contribution of nurses in the prevention of bedsore decubitus in the Laquintinie Hospital of Douala. From October 2019- April 2020. A cross sectional hospital base study was used 30 questionnaires, closed and open questionnaire was shared to nurses in the in the surgical services. Regarding my research, it is concluded that nurses are aware of the prevention of bedsore; they had a positive attitude and practices toward it. Even though the result is fair i found some areas of lapse and think they can be solved by creating awareness through educational techniques.

GAMBARAN PERAN PERAWAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN DEKUBITUS DI BANGSAL PENYAKIT DALAM RUMAH SAKIT DI YOGYAKARTA

Background : Decubitus prevention need the knowledge, attitude, motivation, and behavior of nurses. Objective : To identify the description of nurses role’s in decubitus prevention in Internal medicine ward of hospital in Yogya.
 Method : This was a descriptive design by using cross sectional time approach. The number of samples was 15 respondents selected through total sampling technique. The analysis applied descriptive statistic.
 Result : The majority of nurses had positive role’s in decubitus prevention as many as 10 respondents (66.7%), the nurses role’s according to some characteristics were as follows; The nurses role in the assessment on decubitus risk factor was in good category as many as 9 respondents (60.0%), the nurses role in skin care for patients was in good category as many as 9 respondents (60.0%), the nurses role in patients nutritional status enhancement was in good category as many as 10 respondents (66.7%), the nurses role in support surface was in sufficient category as many as 12 respondents (80.0%), and the nurses role in providing education was in good category as many as 13 respondents (86.7%).
 Conclusion : The nurses role’s in decubitus prevention in internal medicine ward of hospital in Yogya is in good category.
 Keywords : Decubitus prevention, Nurses role’s,Positive role’s

Knowledge and skill needs of home caregivers and their care burden perceptions

Research problem/aim: Family members are increasingly taking more responsibility for patient care. We were conducted this study to determine knowledge and skill needs of in-home caregivers and their care burden perceptions. Methods: The study was designed as descriptive study. The universe of this study included 350 patients who were registered in a Public Hospital Home Care Services Department by year of 2016 and the research sample consisted of 161 patients and patient relatives. Data was collected to use Patient and Caregiver Forms, Care Burden Scale, and Barthel Index. We were calculated the data with percentage, average, standard deviation, independent samples t test, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis tests. Finding: Total Care Burden Scale point is 41.32 ± 13.20, caregiver’s age, marital status, educational status, economic status, to get help about care and receiving care duration do not affect CBS points, female caregivers have less CBS points than male caregivers and this difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05), the least skill level part of caregivers are care and prevention of decubitus, patient handling with the proper method, pay attention to their own body mechanisms, wound care, vital measurements, genital care, stress management and constipation. Conclusion: Caregivers have in a low level of training about care and need knowledge and skills according to patient needs. Care burden of men is higher than women.

GAMBARAN PERAN PERAWAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN DEKUBITUS DI BANGSAL PENYAKIT DALAM RUMAH SAKIT DI YOGYAKARTA

Background : Decubitus prevention need the knowledge, attitude, motivation, and behavior of nurses.&#x0D; Objective : To identify the description of nurses role’s in decubitus prevention in Internal medicine ward of hospital in Yogya.&#x0D; Method : This was a descriptive design by using cross sectional time approach. The number of samples was 15 respondents selected through total sampling technique. The analysis applied descriptive statistic.&#x0D; Result : The majority of nurses had positive role’s in decubitus prevention as many as 10 respondents (66.7%), the nurses role’s according to some characteristics were as follows; The nurses role in the assessment on decubitus risk factor was in good category as many as 9 respondents (60.0%), the nurses role in skin care for patients was in good category as many as 9 respondents (60.0%), the nurses role in patients nutritional status enhancement was in good category as many as 10 respondents (66.7%), the nurses role in support surface was in sufficient category as many as 12 respondents (80.0%), and the nurses role in providing education was in good category as many as 13 respondents (86.7%).&#x0D; Conclusion : The nurses role’s in decubitus prevention in internal medicine ward of hospital in Yogya is in good category.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords : Decubitus prevention, Nurses role’s,Positive role’s&#x0D;

Analysis Factors That Influence Associate Nurses Toward Decubitus Prevention On Bed Rest Patient In Intensive Care Unit At Ulin Banjarmasin Hospital

Background: Hospital put patient safety as priority such as decubitus prevention to provides excellent service. The incidence of decubitus commonly occurs, such as in Western Europe generally occurs about 49%, 22% in North America, 50% in Australia, 29% in Jordan, and 33% in Indonesia. Nursing interventions to prevent decubitus is an indicator to assure the quality of nursing care. Nurses influenced by various factors toward decubitus prevention. Objectives: Aim’s of this study is to analyze the factors that influence nurses through decubitus prevention on bed rest patient. Methods: The population was all nurses in Intensive Care Unit at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin (n=30) this study used a cross sectional approach. Instrument research is a questionare and abservastion sheet which adopted from NPUAP 2014. The statistical test used multiple logistic regression with significance level of 0,05. Results: A multivariate results found that factors associated with decubitus prevention are knowledge (0,401), attitude (0,464), encouragement nurses (0,530), and facilities and infrastructure (0,530), p-value < 0,05. Conclusions: The most related factors that influence toward decubitus prevention are knowledge, attitude, facilities and infrastructure, and encouragement nurses. Keywords : decubitus prevention, facilities and infrastructure support, fellow nurse supports, knowledge, nurse’s attitude

Effect of Telenursing on Outcomes of Provided Care by Caregivers of Patients With Head Trauma After Discharge.

Telenursing is a suitable tool for increasing health-related awareness of the caregivers for a better home care. But its efficacy may be affected by several factors. Considering the important complications of head trauma injury and high rate of readmission, we aimed to assess the effect of telenursing on care provided by the family members of patients with head trauma.This randomized controlled trial investigated 72 patients with head trauma, who were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups (36 patients in each group). The caregivers in both groups were provided with 1-hr face-to-face training session on patients' home care and educational booklets. The patients in the intervention group were followed up every week through phone calls by the telenurse for 12 weeks, who recorded the patient's status, as well. Caregivers in the intervention group could call the telenurse any time they desired. The health status of the control group was followed once by a phone call after 12 weeks. Data on patients' readmission and pressure ulcer (based on Norton's scale) rate and time were compared between the groups and analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. Thirty-three patients with a mean ± SD age of 31.12 ± 10.83 years were studied in the control group and 35 patients with a mean ± SD age of 34.11 ± 12.34 years in the intervention group (p = .098). None of the patients in the intervention group were readmitted, whereas 2 patients in the control group were readmitted s(p = .139). Risk of pressure ulcer did not differ between the groups (p = .583). Telenursing had no significant effect in readmission and decubitus prevention for patients with head trauma. Considering the chronic nature of the illness, a longer follow-up period is deemed necessary for an accurate conclusion.

Efektivitas Alih Baring Tiap 2 Jam Terhadap Pencegahan Ulkus Dekubitus pada Pasien Pasca Stroke dengan Tirah Baring Lama di Bangsal Saraf RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru

Neurological deficits on stroke patients can caused immobility. Decubitus ulcer is one of immobilty’s complication.Two hours repositioning is one of medical rehabilitation programs in decubitus prevention. The aim of this study is todescribe effectiveness of two hours repositioning to prevent decubitus ulcer, especially on post-stroke patients. Thisstudy was a preventive intervention study with cross-sectional approach. Sample consists of 32 patients. Group Iconsists of 16 patients with repositioning intervention. On the otherhand, group II consists of 16 patients withoutrepositioning intervention. Then, this two groups were compared and were looked for the effectiveness. from thisstudy, we knew that prevalence of decubitus ulcer on post-stroke patients are 19.4% with the effectiveness of two hoursrepositioning is 87.5%. There was significant difference between these two groups to prevent decubitus. it occurred ongeriatric patients with percentage of 75%. Its Proportion for female: male are 2:1. It is commonly occurred on firstweek hospitalization, especially grade 2 (33.3%). It is mostly located on sacrum (100%).

Analysis of current nursing practice in relation to the modern approach to the prevention of pressure ulcers // Analiza aktuelne sestrinske prakse u odnosu na savremeni pristup prevenciji dekubitusa

Prevention of decubitus is an indicator of the quality of nursing care. Despite the availability of numerous information on the prevention of decubitus, data from health institutions show that decubitus has a significant increase. Decubitus represents a great health and economic problem both for the patient, for the institution in which it is located, its environment and a wider social community. The education of medical staff and patients should be an integral part of any preventive strategy against the development of decubitus. This means that health institutions should design, enable, adapt and apply a number of existing preventive measures to prevent the development of decubitus.

Training in home care and kinaesthetics in Belarus

Introduction: Out of 9,5 million people in Belarus there is 19,9% people over 60 years old and 5,8% people with disabilities. 17% of 'lonely' and 6,3% of 'living alone' seniors are in need of external care. BRC is the only organization providing training in home care and kinaesthetics. Short description of practice change implemented: BRC provides training courses in home care, as well as main concepts and principles of kinaesthetics for informal caregivers and, recently, professional nurses and social workers. Around 400 informal caregivers and 150 social and medical workers have been trained. More than 5,000 consultations were given for relatives. Targeted population: Bed-ridden beneficiaries having difficulties with movement, as well as increases independence of beneficiaries with movement limitations while decreasing physical burden on caregivers. Aim of and theory behind change: Improving the quality of life by increasing the motion competence/independence of disabled and chronically ill beneficiaries. Stakeholders: Healthcare and social protection institutions (care homes, nursing hospitals and hospices). Highlights: (innovation, Impact and outcomes) Main characteristics of the training: - Uniqueness: The BRC is the only provider of home care training in Belarus and the only organizer of the training for trainers level II in kinaesthetics in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS); - Flexibility: The 16-hour program can be split into modules: decubitus prevention, kinaesthetics, feeding in bed, etc. Otherwise caregivers are consulted and trained at a patient's bed; - Supporting government in ensuring quality home care: Promotion of obligatory home care course for social workers; incorporation of kinaesthetics components into postgraduate courses for nurses. - Integration of kinaesthetics into home care training. Nurses applying kinaesthetics in their work (246 beneficiaries) register increase in beneficiaries’ movement competence: independent walking, bath taking. Comments on sustainability: - 2-level program for trainers (more than 20 trainers in home care); - nine level 2 trainers in kinaesthetics expected by mid-2017; - business-plan on paid trainings in home care and kinaesthetics for individuals and organisations. Comments on transferability: 100% country coverage by the BRC and trainers on home care in every regional branch; Standard programme and guidelines. Conclusions: (comprising key findings) - Training in home care with kinaesthetics elements for non-formal caregivers fills the gap in provision of professional medico-social services at home; - Practical benefit from integration of elements and principles of kinaesthetics in home care training (both for “recipients” of care and caregivers); Discussions: With growing demand for home care training what is the best way of scaling it up: advocating for official recognition of the BRC programme as a standard one for the country or incorporating it into existing graduate and postgraduate curricula for nurses and social workers? Lessons learned: Possibilities: - demand exceeds supply; scaling up within BRC may be needed including provision of paid services; - kinaesthetics as a science demands a long time of assimilation and training. A further search for an optimal format and volume of integrating kinaesthetics elements and principles into home care training is necessary.

The Development of a Six Sigma–Based Ulcus Decubitus Prevention Model to Respond to Adverse Events

Introduction: Based on the number of incidences of Ulcus Decubitus in 2015 which was 2.4 ‰ and 1.59 ‰ in 2016, the incidences of Ulcus Decubitus is an indicator of patient safety. In one of the public hospitals in Surabaya, it showed that the achievement of a Ulcus Decubitus indicator had not been reached yet (the standard is 1.5 ‰ per year). One of the efforts that can be done to prevent the occurrence of ulcus decubitus is by way of Six Sigma-based ulcus decubitus prevention.Methods: The design of this research was an explanatory research study using a cross-sectional approach. The research respondents were nurses at Inpatient Wards (4 Rooms); 57 nurses via the Purposive Sampling technique. The research data was analysed with Partial Least Square (PLS)Results: Individual factors (Path Coefficient 0,200 t: 6,580), organisational factors (Path Coefficient 0,373 t: 9,278) and management factors (Path Coefficient 0.099 t: 2.184) are all significantly correlated with the Six Sigma-based Ulcus decubitus prevention.Conclusions: Individual, Organisational and Management factors are important factors in the Six Sigma-based Ulcus Decubitus prevention model. It needs advanced research to find out how much the influence of Six Sigma-based Ulcus Decubitus prevention implementation will decrease the incidences of Ulcus Decubitus.

PSS5 - Results of A Decubitus Prevention and Wound Care Project

PSS5 - Results of A Decubitus Prevention and Wound Care Project

Friction between human skin and medical textiles for decubitus prevention

Decubitus ulcers or pressure ulcers are a major health problem. This study investigated the possibility of using low-friction bed sheets with optimized moisture transport properties for the prevention of decubitus ulcers. The tribological behavior of a newly developed prototype in contact with human skin was investigated in vivo. For comparison conventional hospital bed sheets were also investigated.Friction measurements under dry and wet conditions on the inner forearm showed that conventional hospital bed sheets are not optimal; their friction was systematically higher by up to 50% when compared with the prototype. These results suggest that friction and shear stresses on the skin of patients and thus the risk of pressure ulcers could be reduced by improved hospital bed sheets.

Mechanism of fluctuation in shear force applied to buttocks during reclining of back support on wheelchair

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the fluctuation in the shear force applied to the buttocks. Method: The subjects were 11 healthy adult men without leg or trunk diseases. The amount of force applied to the buttocks was measured by using a force plate, and a pressure and shear force sensor was used to measure the timing of the force applied to the back support. Results: The average value of the shear force applied to the buttocks was 9.4 ± 2.4 (%BW) in the initial upright position (IUP), 9.3 ± 1.2 (%BW) in the fully reclined position (FRP), and 15.0 ± 2.9 (%BW) in the returning to an upright position (RUP). Significant differences appeared between the RUP and the other positions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the adjustment of the axes of rotation of the back support and trunk–pelvis and the release of the remaining shear force after the back support is reclined are important for the prevention of decubitus ulcers.Implications for RehabilitationThis study shows one of the strategies of seating approach for the prevention of decubitus ulcers.There is a possibility of reducing shear force applied to buttocks during and after reclined back support by adjusting the axes of rotation of wheelchair back support.

Medical textiles with low friction for decubitus prevention

Decubitus or pressure ulcers in immobile patients are associated with prolonged pressure, shear and friction forces acting on the skin and the soft tissue underneath. We investigated the friction behaviour of hospital bed sheets in comparison with prototypes of low friction textiles in order to assess their potential for decubitus prevention. A specific textile composed of synthetic fibres showed a factor of three lower friction than normal hospital bed sheets under both dry and wet conditions. By absorbing and distributing interfacial water within the textile structure, the prototype additionally exhibited beneficial water transport properties.