Prevention Of COVID-19 Disease Research Articles

Andusomeran and raxtozinameran for prevention of COVID-19 disease.

Andusomeran and raxtozinameran for prevention of COVID-19 disease.

Factors Related to Health Literacy in the Prevention of COVID-19 Disease in the Elderly in Lad Yai Subdistrict, Mueang District, and Samut Songkhram Province

Factors Related to Health Literacy in the Prevention of COVID-19 Disease in the Elderly in Lad Yai Subdistrict, Mueang District, and Samut Songkhram Province

Self-Amplifying RNA: A Second Revolution of mRNA Vaccines against COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced the largest pandemic in the 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide. To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, a large number of vaccines have been developed and approved in record time, including new vaccines based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles. While mRNA-based vaccines have proven to be safe and effective, they are more expensive to produce compared to conventional vaccines. A special type of mRNA vaccine is based on self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) derived from the genome of RNA viruses, mainly alphaviruses. These saRNAs encode a viral replicase in addition to the antigen, usually the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The replicase can amplify the saRNA in transfected cells, potentially reducing the amount of RNA needed for vaccination and promoting interferon I responses that can enhance adaptive immunity. Preclinical studies with saRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in diverse animal models have demonstrated the induction of robust protective immune responses, similar to conventional mRNA but at lower doses. Initial clinical trials have confirmed the safety and immunogenicity of saRNA-based vaccines in individuals that had previously received authorized COVID-19 vaccines. These findings have led to the recent approval of two of these vaccines by the national drug agencies of India and Japan, underscoring the promising potential of this technology.

Edukasi Perilaku Ibu Balita dengan Tindakan Pencegahan COVID-19

This research aims to find out how mothers with toddlers behave in procedures to prevent COVID-19 disease. The research method used is quantitative with a Quasi-Experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The results showed that more than half of the respondents had low education 16 (36.4%), and most worked 12 (27.3%). Mothers with toddlers have knowledge and attitudes with a p-value of 0.000 and actions with a p-value of 0.256. In conclusion, the mother's behavior in preventing COVID-19 disease is good.
 
 Keywords: Toddlers, COVID-19, Education, Prevention

BNT162b2 Elicited an Efficient Cell-Mediated Response against SARS-CoV-2 in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the standard of care for the prevention of COVID-19 disease. Although vaccination triggers both humoral and cellular immune response, COVID-19 vaccination efficacy is currently evaluated by measuring antibodies only, whereas adaptative cellular immunity is unexplored. Our aim is to test humoral and cell-mediated response after three doses of BNT162b vaccine in two cohorts of fragile patients: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTR) patients compared to healthy donors. We enrolled 10 healthy controls (HCs), 19 CVID patients and 17 KTR patients. HC BNT162b third dose had successfully mounted humoral immune response. A positive correlation between Anti-Spike Trimeric IgG concentration and neutralizing antibody titer was also observed. CVID and KTR groups showed a lower humoral immune response compared to HCs. IFN-γ release induced by epitopes of the Spike protein in stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was similar among vaccinated HC, CVID and KTR. Patients vaccinated and infected showed a more efficient humoral and cell-mediated response compared to only vaccinated patients. In conclusion, CVID and KTR patients had an efficient cell-mediated but not humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, suggesting that the evaluation of T cell responses could be a more sensitive marker of immunization in these subjects.

Increasing Community Knowledge in Efforts to Prevent Covid-19 Disease in Rural Areas

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 has greatly affected human life, especially in the health sector. It is important that in this very emergency situation, to maintain the health of the people themselves, they must pay attention to their own health. thus, this prevention can be carried out in ways that have been recommended by the government, namely social distancing, washing hands, and using masks when traveling. The development of irresponsible issues can become an important problem in the COVID-19 outbreak control program in rural areas. The lack of knowledge and understanding of the population regarding valid information about the Corona virus agent can have a big social impact. This community service was carried out with training for health cadres in Silo Village, Silo District, attended by 30 cadres. The training material is in the form of Power Point slides, followed by training with simulations of correct recording and reporting regarding the early detection of COVID-19 events in the community. The results of this community service activity showed an increase in public knowledge about efforts to prevent transmission of COVID-19. This activity is effective for increasing village community knowledge in efforts to prevent COVID-19. It is hoped that the community can continue to carry out programs on preventing COVID-19.

Resilience and anxiety in nurses in a hospital in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

The lack of any definitive treatment or prevention of COVID-19 disease has created a lot of stress and anxiety in societies. This study aimed to evaluate the resilience and anxiety of COVID-19 in nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft and their relationship with demographic variables from April to August 2020. The present study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. To select the statistical sample, the census method was used so that 80 nurses working in different wards of the hospital were selected and included in the study. The resilience measurement tool is the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (CD-RIS). COVID-19 anxiety was assessed using a comprehensive national questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics Chi-square, Independent two-sample parametric t-test, and ANOVA through SPSS 20. The level of COVID-19 anxiety in nurses was moderate (19.3±11.64) and the rate of resilience was low (36.7±16.65). There is a statistically significant difference between resilience in nurses and age (p = 0.003). There was no statistically significant relationship between the rate of resilience in nurses and gender (p = 0.13), the unit of service (p = 0.87), marital status (p = 0.98), work experience (p = 0.06), and the level of education (p = 0.63). There was no statistically significant relationship between anxiety in nurses and age (p = 0.53), gender (p = 0.59), the unit of work (p = 0.48), marital status (p = 0.90), work experience (p = 0.40), and level of education (p = 0.60). The results of multivariate analysis showed that, work experience, and place of work have a statistically significant relationship with resilience and anxiety of COVID-19 in nurses, respectively (p <0.05).The level of COVID-19 anxiety in nurses is moderate and the rate of resilience is high. Given the current high-risk situation, it is important to identify nurses prone to psychological disorders to maintain and improve their mental health with appropriate strategies and techniques.

An Insight into the Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in the Prevention of COVID-19 Disease

Abstract: The coronavirus pandemic hit the world with different variants of SARS-CoV-2; reliable therapeutics are needed every hour to control and minimize the infection. To date, the way to menace the chaos of post-COVID infection is not confined rationally. Researchers are still on their way to the progression of an efficient way to eradicate the disease. However, to prevent it from causing infection post-entry into the body, there have been a few strategies to maintain and boost the immune system. At the onset of infection when no antiviral therapeutics were available, convalescent plasma therapies as a proposed mechanism were adapted to treat the post-COVID infection. Researchers have formulated the administration of different types of vaccines based on attenuated or inactivated nucleic acids or subunits after approval from the FDA and still continue to find the best reliable vaccines for better enhancement in inducing immunogenicity of the immune system to fight against the disease. The COVID-19 infection affects the gut and lung axis and there has been dysbiosis of microbiota which leads to cause secondary infections. To accomplish homeostasis of essential microbiota in the body, the administration of different strains of probiotic bacteria has been one way to induce immunogenicity and combat the disease.

Upaya Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Pencegahan Covid-19

The tragedy of the mysterious emergence of the coronavirus continues in several countries in the world. The spread of the covid 19 virus has become an outbreak that is very troubling for the community to causes respiratory infections. The implementation of health education with efforts to involve family and community support for covid-19 prevention aims to improve the ability of the community to apply hand washing with soap using running water or hand sanitizer. Proper hand washing techniques are one of the measures in preventing the risk of covid-19 disease, as well as improving the community's healthy lifestyle, which is emphasized in the smallest unit in the community, namely the family. The method carried out in preventing covid-19 disease is community service in the form of counseling, demonstrations, and role play. The results of community service in an effort to increase family support for the prevention of covid-19 disease can be absorbed and accepted by families and communities with the psychomotor ability to demonstrate hand washing up to 80% of participants can repeat how to wash their hands properly and correctly. This service activity can be improved by the puskesmas with family and community support.

Self-Care Performance of Pregnant Women in Preventing COVID-19 Infection and Its Relationship with Perceived Stress.

Objective: To determine the status of self-care performance of pregnant women in the prevention of COVID-19 disease and its relationship with perceived stress during the epidemic period of this disease. Method : This cross-sectional study was performed on 228 pregnant women who referred to the health centers in Tabriz, Iran, for prenatal care. They were selected by cluster sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires about Demographic-Social Characteristics, the Self-Care Performance Questionnaire and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Also, multivariate linear regression was used, with control of demographic-social and obstetric characteristics as possible confounders. Results: The median (25-75 percentiles) self-care performance score of participants was 0.71 (0.65-0.76), from the achievable range of 20-80, and its mean (± SD) perceived stress score was 25.5 (± 5.6), from the achievable range of 0-56. The Spearman's rank correlation test results showed a significant inverse correlation between perceived stress and self-care performance scores (r = -0.13; P = 0.041). According to multivariate linear regression test, the variables of self-care performance, education, spouse's education and number of family members were the predictors of perceived stress in pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, self-care performance of pregnant women in prevention of the COVID-19 disease was good and their stress was moderate. There was a significant inverse correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress that could indicate the high value and importance of the fetus for the mother and her strict adherence to health protocols to prevent COVID-19, which also leads to calming and reduced perceived stress.

PEMANFAATAN OBAT TRADISIONAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA TAHAN TUBUH DAN MENCEGAH PENYAKIT COVID 19

Traditional—medicinal plants or herbs are plants that are efficacious to the human body for endurance and treatment. The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has had a huge impact on changes in public health in Indonesia, especially among the people in Banyumas Regency. Improving the body's immunity is needed to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus. This is because the spread can be transmitted through coughing droplets (sneezes), therefore if the human immune system is good and the body is in good health this virus will find it difficult to enter the human body. Based on this statement, it is necessary to increase public knowledge about the use of traditional medicines to increase endurance and prevent Covid-19 disease. Based on the results of IBM on the Utilization of Traditional Medicines, it is proven that this activity can increase public knowledge about herbal ingredients that can be used as medicines or concoctions that can increase the human immune system, which is proven by the results of the pre-test with an average value of 57 and After treatment (post-test), it increases to an average of 89.

Social Distancing Monitoring System using Deep Learning

COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic in the world by 2020. One way to prevent COVID-19 disease, as the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests, is to keep a distance from other people. It is advised to stay at least 1 meter away from others, even if they do not appear to be sick. The reason is that people can also be the virus carrier without having any symptoms. Thus, many countries have enforced the rules of social distancing in their Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to prevent the virus spread. Monitoring the social distance is challenging as this requires authorities to carefully observe the social distancing of every single person in a surrounding, especially in crowded places. Real-time object detection can be proposed to improve the efficiency in monitoring the social distance SOP inspection. Therefore, in this paper, object detection using a deep neural network is proposed to help the authorities monitor social distancing even in crowded places. The proposed system uses the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4 object detection models for the detection. The proposed system is tested on the MS COCO image dataset with a total of 330,000 images. The performance of mean average precision (mAP) accuracy and frame per second (FPS) of the proposed object detection is compared with Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and Multibox Single Shot Detector (SSD) model. Finally, the result is analyzed among all the models.

COVID-19 Vaccination Responses with Different Vaccine Platforms in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in Argentina were encouraged to receive licensed Sputnik, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Moderna, and Pfizer vaccines, even though most of the data of humoral and cellular responses combination on available vaccines comes from trials conducted in healthy individuals. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the different vaccines in IEI patients in Argentina. The study cohort included adults and pediatric IEI patients (n = 118) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 37). B cell response was evaluated by measuring IgG anti-spike/receptor binding domain (S/RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid(N) antibodies by ELISA. Neutralization antibodies were also assessed with an alpha-S protein-expressing pseudo-virus assay. The T cell response was analyzed by IFN-γ secretion on S- or N-stimulated PBMC by ELISPOT and the frequency of S-specific circulating T follicular-helper cells (TFH) was evaluated by flow cytometry.No moderate/severe vaccine-associated adverse events were observed. Anti-S/RBD titers showed significant differences in both pediatric and adult IEI patients versus the age-matched HC cohort (p < 0.05). Neutralizing antibodies were also significantly lower in the patient cohort than in age-matched HC (p < 0.01). Positive S-specific IFN-γ response was observed in 84.5% of IEI patients and 82.1% presented S-specific TFH cells. Moderna vaccines, which were mainly administered in the pediatric population, elicited a stronger humoral response in IEI patients, both in antibody titer and neutralization capacity, but the cellular immune response was similar between vaccine platforms. No difference in humoral response was observed between vaccinated patients with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccines showed safety in IEI patients and, although immunogenicity was lower than HC, they showed specific anti-S/RBD IgG, neutralizing antibody titers, and T cell-dependent cellular immunity with IFN-γ secreting cells. These findings may guide the recommendation for a vaccination with all the available vaccines in IEI patients to prevent COVID-19 disease.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-022-01382-7.

RESEARCH ON VIETNAMESE MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH POTENTIAL IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 DISEASE

Natural products have been considered the primary source of healthcare among the majority of the world’s population. In the therapeutic management of Covid-19, products of natural origin are a promising and potential medicinal source to treat this disease. Our research methodology is based on a review of recent articles reporting on the effect of medicinal plants on Covid-19. In this review, literature searches on medicinal plants which used to treat and prevent Covid-19 disease were conducted. From this research, several medicinal plants have received much research attention such as Astragalus mongholicus Bunge; Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge; Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.; Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.; Atractylodes japonica Koidz.; and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.; Andrographis paniculata; Lonicera japonica; Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. However, the definitive roles of these medicinal plants in cytokine storms and post-infection complications still need further investigation. And then, quality control and standardisation of medicinal plants-based products also need to be emphasized. Further investigations on differential effects as well as the quality and safety of herbal medicines should be required to ascertain their role in Covid-19 therapeutic management. Furthermore, herbal mixtures, medicinal plants, natural products, or their combination with possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects may hold promise and effectiveness in preventive and therapeutic support for Covid-19.

Colorimetric Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) in Artificial Saliva Using Polydiacetylene Paper Strips.

The spread and resurgence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19 disease) threatens human health and social relations. Prevention of COVID-19 disease partly relies on fabricating low-cost, point-of-care (POC) sensing technology that can rapidly and selectively detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We report a colorimetric, paper-based polydiacetylene (PDA) biosensor, designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in artificial saliva. Analytical characterizations of the PDA sensor using NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy showed the correct structural elucidation of PCDA-NHS conjugation. The PDA sensor platform containing the N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester of 10, 12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA-NHS) was divided into three experimental PCDA-NHS concentration groups of 10%, 20%, and 30% to optimize the performance of the sensor. The optimal PCDA-NHS molar concentration was determined to be 10%. The PDA sensor works by a color change from blue to red as its colorimetric output when the immobilized antibody binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in saliva samples. Our results showed that the PDA sensing platform was able to rapidly and qualitatively detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein within the concentration range of 1 to 100 ng/mL after four hours of incubation. Further investigation of pH and temperature showed minimal influence on the PDA sensor for the detection of COVID-19 disease. After exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, smartphone images of the PDA sensor were used to assess the sensor output by using the red chromatic shift (RCS) of the signal response. These results indicate the potential and practical use of this PDA sensor design for the rapid, colorimetric detection of COVID-19 disease in developing countries with limited access to medical testing.

People’s social participation in the prevention of COVID-19 disease: an example of selfsacrifice

Social participation refers to those voluntary activities through which the members of a society directly or indirectly participate in shaping social life in neighborhood, village or city affairs. While the spread of the COVID-19 disease, people in the community can be responsible for their individual and collective health with conscious and voluntary participation and participate in the prevention of the COVID-19 disease in order to change the fate of themselves and their neighbors. Now, considering COVID-19 virus pandemic, as in war, we can defeat the hidden evil enemy. But achieving victory requires selfsacrifice and collective participation. The Iranian people are like warriors on the battlefield strengthened the line of struggle by observing health instructions and social participation in the distribution of masks, disinfection of roads and houses, and the purchase of food packages. At the same time, the performance of medical staff and health defenders was improved with the participation of the people. Thus, the cooperation, empathy and participation of the people behind and alongside the officials and medical staff can be an example of self-sacrifice.

Anaphylaxis after COVID-19 vaccination: A registry-based study

Anaphylaxis after COVID-19 vaccination: A registry-based study

Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan dan Perawatan Mandiri Penyakit Covid-19

Introduction: The rapid spread of the coronavirus has caused a Covid-19 pandemic worldwide. Like other countries in the world, Indonesia is still trying to prevent and handle Covid-19. However, proactive and independent actions can prevent this Covid-19 disease from the community. Hence, people need to increase their awareness in various efforts to prevent the occurrence of the Covid-19 disease. Objective: This community service activity aims to increase the community's independence in carrying out prevention and self-care efforts for COVID-19. The target to be achieved is that health cadres and the community have the knowledge and skills to prevent COVID-19 disease and can provide initial treatment in emergency cases in the community. Method: The method used is conducting cadre training, making educational media and providing education to the community. During training, cadres were given pre-test questions at the beginning of the meeting and post-test at the end of the meeting as an evaluation of the activities carried out. Result: The result of this activity is an increase in the knowledge and skills of cadres and the community, as evidenced by the increase in post-test scores during cadre training and the dissemination of information about the COVID-19 disease to the public well as the availability of educational media. Conclusion: This community service activity can increase the knowledge and independence of the community in making efforts to prevent and independently treat the Covid-19 disease, as well as handling emergencies that occur at home.

A Cultural Approach (Socio Demography) in Preventing Covid-19 Disease in the Family

Handling the Covid-19 pandemic can be assisted by a cultural approach as disease and culture are two related things, disease is often caused by culture or in other words, disease can occur due to certain cultures that exist in social life. In addition, the disease can have a socio-cultural effect. Thus, socio-cultural factors generally affect efforts to control and prevent Covid-19 disease. In addition, the involvement of the family in the control and prevention of Covid-19 is very important, in addition to controlling the transmission, it also stabilizes the control of the spread of the virus. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of culture on the prevention of Covid-19 in the family. This study used an associative analytical design through a transversal approach. The population consisted of all families affected by the Covid-19 case in South Kalimantan. Bivariate data were analyzed with chi-squared and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. There was a relationship between sex, education, marriage, occupation, income and distance from health services with the prevention of covid 19 in the family (ρ &lt;0.05), and there is a shared influence between gender, education, marriage and work on the prevention of covid 19 in the family (ρ &lt;0.05). It is up to the community to redouble its efforts to prevent covid 19 disease in the family, so it is necessary to take a cultural approach to prevent covid 19 in the family.

Vitamin D and COVID-19. Two years of research

The important role of the micronutrient status of the body for the formation of an adequate immune response, including to respiratory viruses, is currently beyond doubt. In connection with the beginning of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, numerous publications have appeared on the supposedly protective effect of many micronutrients, especially vitamin D in relation to the prevention of COVID-19 disease. Later, the results of most studies confirmed this assumption. From 2020 to early 2022, there were published 17 analytical reviews and meta-analyses summarizing the results of various studies evaluating both the preventive potential of vitamin D provision in various population groups and the role of vitamin D in reducing the incidence of severe forms of COVID-19 and mortality. The analysis of literature data presented in this review suggests vitamin D currently to have the greatest evidence base as a micronutrient promoting reduction the risk of disease and severe forms of COVID-19. Current recommendations on vitamin D subsidies, including in pediatric practice, are given.