Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disorders Research Articles

Традиционные и нетрадиционные факторы риска развития инфаркта миокарда в молодом возрасте

In a world that is constantly changing, the emergence of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders (CVD), is also changing. It is evident that there are unique characteristics of premorbid background, risk factors, pathogenesis, and course of CVD in young individuals compared to older individuals. Currently, there are no effective measures for primary prevention of CVD in young patients, and the use of risk-metric resources is limited due to their focus on elderly patients. Traditional risk factors for CVD are typically used to create an objective patient profile and determine the appropriate diagnostic pathway Non-traditional risk factors may not be immediately apparent, but they also play a role in the development of cardiac disorders in young patients and should be taken into consideration. Physicians should exercise caution when considering both traditional and non-traditional risk factors in young patients with chest pain This may necessitate more detailed monitoring of the patient's condition Timely medical care and management of comorbidities can significantly improve prognosis and maintain work capacity, which is particularly important at a young age. A personalized approach to the management of young patients is required for all of these entities Therefore, the issue of cardiovascular disease in young patients is currently urgent KEYWORDS: myocardial infarction, young patients, traditional risk factors, non-traditional risk factors FOR CITATION: Karetnikova V.N., Neeshpapa A.G., Peganova Kh.A. Traditional and non-traditional risk factors for myocardial infarction in young adults. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2024;8(1):26–30 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2024-8-1-4.

Cardioprotective action of Amaranthus viridis methanolic extract and its isolated compound Kaempferol through mitigating lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart.

The current study was designed to evaluate the cardio-protective efficacy of Amaranthus viridis L. methanolic extract (AVME) and kaempferol, which was isolated from AVME in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The rats were pre-treated with AVME (250mg/kg body weight) and kaempferol (50mg/kg BW) for 30days, respectively, and then administered with ISO (20mg/100g body weight) on the 31st and 32nd days. We assessed the protective effects of AVME and kaempferol against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The study revealed that supplementation with AVME and kaempferol significantly attenuated cardiac lipotoxicity by reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels and simultaneously increasing the levels of high-density lipoproteins. In addition, AVME and kaempferol suppressed oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the heart. Further, they ameliorated cardiac inflammation by mitigating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β). Hence, the study results and histopathological analysis emphasized that AVME and kaempferol could be prospective prophylactic agents against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity and may be considered nutraceuticals in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

Advanced Processing of Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) for Protein Extraction and Generation of Hydrolysates with Anti-Hypertensive and Antioxidant Activities In Vitro and the Thermal/Ionic Stability of These Compounds.

In this study, giant kelp was explored under various conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for the extraction of protein, its hydrolysis, and ultrafiltration to generate multiple fractions. The amino acid composition of all the fractions and their biological activities in vitro, including angiotensin-converting enzyme I (ACE) inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power (RP), and ferrous chelating (FC) activities) were tested by storing the compounds for 2 weeks at various temperatures (-20-60 °C) and pHs (2-11) to elucidate their thermal and ionic stability, respectively. The yield of protein extraction using the conventional method was lower (≈39%) compared to the use of UAE (150 W, 15 min), which achieved protein recoveries of approximately 60%. After enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration, low-molecular-weight (MW) hydrolysates had the highest levels of ACE inhibitory (80%), DPPH (84%), RP (0.71 mM trolox equivalents), and FC (81%) activities. Amino acids associated with peptides of high biological activities, such as Val, Ala, Asx, Gly, Lys, Met, Leu, and His, were at higher levels in the low MW fraction compared to any other sample. The biological activities in vitro of all the samples fluctuated under the multiple storage conditions studied, with the highest stability of all the samples appreciated at -20 °C and pH 7. This study shows for the first time the use of giant kelp as a promising source of bioactive peptides and indicates the optimum processing and storing conditions for the use of these compounds as nutraceuticals or functional foods that could help in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders and multiple chronic diseases associated with oxidative damage.

Fatty Acids in Waste Tissues: The Nutraceutical Value of Gonads and Livers from the Moroccan Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio Fishes.

Fishes are an important component of human nutrition, mainly acting as source of essential fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders. The increase in their consumption has led to a growth of fishes waste; therefore, the disposal and recycling of waste has become a key issue to address, in accordance with circular economy principles. The Moroccan Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio fishes, living in freshwater and marine environments, were collected at mature and immature stages. The fatty acid (FA) profiles of liver and ovary tissues were investigated by GC-MS and compared with edible fillet tissues. The gonadosomatic index, the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio, and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes were measured. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be abundant in the mature ovary and fillet of both species, with a polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio ranging from 0.40 to 1.06 and a monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio between 0.64 and 1.84. Saturated fatty acids were found to be highly abundant in the liver and gonads of both species (range 30-54%), as well as monounsaturated fatty acids (range 35-58%). The results suggested that the exploitation of fish wastes, such as the liver and ovary, may represent a sustainable strategy for the achievement of high value-added molecules with nutraceutical potential.

Резолюция совета экспертов: «Современный подход к ведению пациентов с табачной зависимостью»

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world. Effective treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders is impossible without the risk factor correction. Smoking remains the most important modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. The expert council held a meeting on November 15, 2022 aimed at discussing the modern possibilities and the importance of tobacco addiction treatment in patients with cardiovascular disorders.

Flavonoids as new regulators of mitochondrial potassium channels: contribution to cardioprotection.

Acute myocardial ischemia is one of the major causes of illness in western society. Reduced coronary blood supply leads to cell death and loss of cardiomyocyte population, resulting in serious and often irreversible consequences on myocardial function. Mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels have been identified as fine regulators of mitochondrial function and, consequently, in the metabolism of the whole cell, and in the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotection. Interestingly, mitoK channels represent a novel putative target for treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction, and their modulators represent an interesting tool for pharmacological intervention. In this review, we took up the challenge of selecting flavonoids that show cardioprotective properties through the activation of mitoK channels. A brief overview of the main information on mitoK channels and their participation in the induction of cytoprotective processes was provided. Then, naringenin, quercetin, morin, theaflavin, baicalein, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, puerarin, luteolin and proanthocyanidins demonstrated to be effective modulators of mitoK channels activity, mediating many beneficial effects. The pathophysiological role of mitoK channels has been investigated as well as the impact of flavonoids on this target with particular attention to their potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

Does admission acetylsalicylic acid uptake in hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a protective role? Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders. Our objective is to evaluate its possible protective role, not only in mortality but also in other aspects such as inflammation, symptomatic thrombosis, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We realized an observational retrospective cohort study of 20,641 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia collected and followed-up from Mar 1st, 2020 to May 1st, 2021, from the nationwide Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to determine whether treatment with ASA affected outcomes in COVID-19 patients. On hospital admission, 3291 (15.9%) patients were receiving ASA. After PSM, 3291 patients exposed to ASA and 2885 not-exposed patients were analyzed. In-hospital mortality was higher in the ASA group (30.4 vs. 16.9%, p < 0.001) in the global sample. After PSM, no differences were found between groups (30.4 vs. 30.3%, p = 0.938). There were no differences in inflammation, symptomatic thrombosis, or ICU admission. In conclusion, ASA intake is not associated with in-hospital mortality or any other health outcome evaluated after applying PSM analysis in a real-world large sample of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Garcinia fruit: in the forests and domestic orchards, the prevention of diseases of modernity

The genus Garcinia has many varieties of fruit trees, which are found in rural and urban backyards, tropical forests and domestic orchards of several tropical countries. Fruits have a great diversity of metabolites, among which phenolic compounds stand out for their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other effects, and which have a preventive action on diseases of modernity. This review aimed to associate studies on the metabolic activities of Garcinia fruits and their numerous effects on health risk factors, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, inflammatory processes and dyslipidemias. Scientific articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were selected, which carried out studies involving the administration of Garcinia fruits in vitro and in vivo, mainly in the last five years. Sixty relevant articles were included in the study. Studies have shown that the Garcinia fruit species can be used in body weight control and prevention of cardiovascular disorders, cancer and diabetes mellitus, among other diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Activation Promotes Cardioprotective Strategies

Background:Hedgehog pathway plays a crucial role in the neovascularisation and angiogenesis during the embryonic stage in humans. Three genes of hedgehog protein isolated from humans are Sonic hedgehog, Desert hedgehog and Indian hedgehog gene. Two G-protein coupled receptors identified in the sonic hedgehog pathway served as patched receptor and smoothened receptor.Materials and Methods:Particularly, sonic hedgehog gene plays a versatile role in cellular homeostasis and can be a novel therapeutic target in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders. Further various sonic hedgehog modulators have been reported working as futuristic drug molecules in the modulation of cardiovascular dysfunctions.Results:However, there was limited literature availability that has summarized the possible mechanism of targeting Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway.Conclusion:Thus, the present review is aimed at exploring the role of targeting sonic hedgehog protein signaling and modulators as well as to enlighten that how targeting sonic hedgehog protein involves in the amelioration of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, vascular endothelial dysfunction, heart failure and congenital heart diseases.

Statementtype in complex rehabilitation and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disorders in patients with coronary heart disease

The single-center randomized comparative study on revealing the clinical efficacy of the complex method of rehabilitation and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disorders in patients with ischemic heart disease with the inclusion of physical training with the use of stabilometric complex with biofeedback (stabilo-training), general iodine-bromine baths and infrared laser therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease in the remote period after surgical revascularization of myocardium. Observation was made in 60 patients with ischemic heart disease, in remote, not earlier than one year, terms after surgical revascularization of myocardium. Patients were divided into 2 groups by simple randomization method. Group 1, the main group consisted of 30 patients who received a complex rehabilitation method with the inclusion of stabilizing training, general iodine-bromine baths and infrared laser therapy; group 2, the comparison included 30 patients who received a rehabilitation course with the inclusion of general iodine-bromine baths and infrared laser therapy only. Cardiovascular disorders (CVD) were evaluated using electrocardiography (ECG) in standard leads, echocardiography (ECG), daily ECG monitoring with assessment of cardiac rhythm variability, veloergometry (VEM), stabilometry and a 6-point rating scale and psychological testing with the help of HAM and Spielberg tests. The study results were processed using the Statistica 8 for Windows application package. Preliminary calculation of sample power showed a sufficient number of patients in groups of 30 people. Calculation of statistical reliability of the results was performed by the Student-Fisher criterion. The differences between the two mean values were considered reliable at p&lt;0.05. Under the influence of the complex with inclusion of statokinesoterapy in patients with IHD of the main group in comparison with the comparison group, more expressed antianginal and antiarrhythmic effects, increase of tolerance of physical activity, physical efficiency were noted. Positive ECG dynamics, increased cardiac output fraction, improved mood and sleep were noted. Positive dynamics of SSN in 85% of patients of the main group and in 65% of the comparison group was accompanied by increased stability in the vertical posture, decreased walking precariousness, improved coordination and equilibrium, decreased indices of the pressure center deviation (CD) in frontal and sagittal directions. The average rate of displacement of CD and the total area of the statokinesiogram decreased only in the main group of patients, in the comparison group the stated indices of stabilometry remained without dynamics. The total dynamics index of symptom severity decreased by 11±0.03 points in the main group of patients and by 6.7±0.01 points in the comparison group. The revealed positive clinical effects in patients with IHD in the distant period after surgical revascularization of myocardium, a complex method with inclusion of stabilokinesotherapy, allows to recommend this method of sensomotor physical training in complex rehabilitation programs with the purpose of SSN correction, prevention of development of acute coronary syndrome and heart insufficiency.

Supplementation with vitamin D and its analogs for treatment of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.

Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycolecalciferol) is a prohormone that has attracted the interest of researchers since studies have shown that its effects are not restricted to bone metabolism. Thus, the present review summarizes the most recent findings and discusses the usefulness of prescribing vitamin D and its analogues for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction. The paper constitutes a narrative review of the literature, selecting articles published from 2012 to 2019. Studies have shown that vitamin D3 and its analogues have beneficial effects on endothelial function, but these results are controversial, since research with larger samples and of longer duration found no reduction in morbidity and mortality or cardiovascular risk factors after use of these substances. Given the current state of the art, there is no clear scientific basis for supplementation with vitamin D or its analogues for treatment of endothelial dysfunction or cardiovascular disease.

Can ownership of an animal contribute to prevention of cardiovascular disorders?

Can ownership of an animal contribute to prevention of cardiovascular disorders?

Medical survey on Cardiovascular Disorders

Recent studies in India indicate raising trends of cardiovascular disorders like hyper tension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. Even in rural areas continuous monitoring of the cardio vascular disorders situation is required by repeated cross sectional studies in both urban, rural to plan control measures. Aim of the study to make a survey on cardio vascular disorders in local hospitals of aroghya and spandana hosipital in khammam. A cross sectional study was carried out in khammam region in the rural field practice area of Mother Teresa Pharmacy College in Sathupally, India. All adults and olders of both genders were included and screened for cardio vascular disorders by hosipital survey. Conclusion: It was observed that cardiovascular disorders can be treated within time and proper medication. Awareness should be created among the population regarding prevention of cardiovascular disorders. Even though proper medication are there, in some cases like heart attack and congestive heart failure the death rate is very high. This is because the patient is not able to reach the hospitals in time, not changing their life style modifications, continuing their habits like smoking and alcohol consumption and lack of frequent medical checkups. Hence the sincere advise to all the patients those are in the risk of cardiovascular disorders must have to keep the corresponding medicines like nitroglycerine tablets (Isosorbide dinitrate) with them of their pocket every time, avoiding of their habits of smoking and alcohol consumption, intake of low calorie diet and maintain their regular medical checkups. Keywords: Cross sectional study, Cardiovascular Disorders, Smoking and Alcohol consumption

Epigenetic Roles of Microbiota and Aloe vera in Health and Disease

Our healthspan is to a great extent epigenetically determined by diets, lifestyle, and various other environmental factors. Gut microbiota has been proven to be the major player in maintaining human health. Our previous report described health benefits of long-term ingestion of aloe vera gel through the modification of the intestinal microbiota. In the present review, we broadly cover the topics of microbiota and aloe vera gel ingestion related to attenuation of reactive oxygen species, prevention of cardiovascular disorders, effects of life-prolonging calorie restriction. Additional data are summarized on prophylactic actions of fermented butyrate, and aloe-emodin related components against obesity. Prophylactic actions of aloe vera gel on healthy aging, skin photo-aging, and the viability and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster are discussed in relation to the properties of butyrate and its potential effects involved in health and disease.

Accelerated Arterial Stiffening Change in Early Years of Spinal Cord Injury.

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) possess higher arterial stiffness index (SI) than the healthy population. This study aimed to clarify the effect of post-morbid duration on arterial stiffening change among SCI sufferers. Seventy-one SCI patients were recruited. The demographic data including age, gender, level of injury, body mass index, American Spinal Cord Injury Association Impairment Scale, and post-morbid duration were collected. The age was 36.4 ± 11.7 years and the duration was 87.5 ± 106.4 months. SI was assessed with digital volume pulse analysis. Correlation matrix demonstrated that age is the most significant determinant of SI (R = 0.503). The scatter plot of duration versus SI showed that they were correlated significantly, but in a logarithmic rather than linear trend. Partial correlation showed that the natural log of duration (Lnduration) has higher adjusted correlation coefficient (0.357) than duration when the effect of age and other factors were eliminated. Multiple linear regression modeling also exhibited that Lnduration is the only factor that significantly increases the explanation of SI by age. In conclusion, Lnduration is an independent determinant of SI. SCI accelerates vascular aging especially in the early several years. Therefore, there should be emphasis on primary prevention of cardiovascular disorders during early years of SCI.

Intake of Pomegranate Prevents the Onset of Osteoarthritis : Molecular Evidences

Intake of Pomegranate Prevents the Onset of Osteoarthritis : Molecular Evidences

Biochemical and functional characterization of BmooSP, a new serine protease from Bothrops moojeni snake venom

In this work, we describe the purification and characterization of a new serine protease enzyme from Bothrops moojeni snake venom (BmooSP). On SDS-PAGE, BmooSP was found to be a single-chain protein with an apparent molecular mass of 36,000 and 32,000 under reduced and non-reduced conditions, respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the BmooSP is composed by two isoforms with molecular mass of 30,363 and 30,070, respectively. The purified enzyme consists of 277 amino acid residues, disregarding the cysteine and tryptophan residues that have been degraded by acid hydrolysis, and its N-terminal sequence showed similarity with other serine protease enzymes. BmooSP induced blood-clotting in vitro, defibrination in vivo, caseinolytic and fibrin(ogen)olytic activities. The enzyme is stable at high temperatures (up to 100 °C) and shows maximum activity at pH around 7.0. Preliminary results show that BmooSP can induce the formation of a stable fibrin clot for more than 10 days. BmooSP presents medical interest because it can be used as biodegradable fibrin glue and for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders because of its ability to promote the defibrination in vivo, decreasing blood viscosity and improving blood circulation.

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Prevalence of Cardiovascular risk factors among Adolescents in Selected Schools of Banga, District Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab.

Atherosclerotic changes begin in the early ages and progress to great extent during adolescence. Physical inactivity, unhealthy habits, eating fast foods, unhealthy competition and stress make today's adolescents vulnerable to coronary artery disease. WHO in its study has recommended teaching school children about risk factors of coronary artery disease and introduction of early lifestyle modification in school curriculum by identifying risk factors among adolescents. The necessary modification in lifestyle can be introduced early. Coronary artery disease is associated with the habit and lifestyle of people. Any attempt to establish a healthy lifestyle in the population can bring about a reduction in the morbidity and mortality rate due to coronary artery disease. Statement of problem : A Descriptive study to assess the prevalence of Cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents in selected schools of Banga, District Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab. Aim of study : The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents (13-19 yrs) and prepare an information guide booklet on prevention of cardiovascular disorders. Objectives : 1. To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents 2. To assess the level of BMI among adolescents. 3. To assess the level of stress among adolescents. 4. To determine the association of risk factors of developing cardiovascular disorders among adolescents with selected socio-demographic variables. 5. To prepare and distribute the information guideline booklet on prevention of cardiovascular disorders among adolescents. Method of study : The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents (13-19 yrs) and prepare an information guide booklet on prevention of cardiovascular disorders. The present study assesses the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents in selected schools of Banga, District Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab. Stratified cluster sampling technique was followed to select sample. Data was collected by 3 tools Part- A comprises of socio-demographic variable profile i.e. age, gender, dietary pattern, physical activity, BMI, area of residence., life style, type of family, family history of cardiovascular diseases . Part- B comprises of Anthropometric measurement by using measuring tape, weighing machine, stadiometre, body mass index and stress and Part-C was self structured Likert scale on cardiovascular risk factors. Analysis and interpretation of study was done by applying descriptive statistics and chi square findings were represented in forms of table and graphs. Result : The results showed that among 100 adolescents nearly equal division of adolescent in age group of 13-14 years i.e. 30% in age group of 15-16 32% and in age group 17-19 years is 38%.Majority of adolescent were male 52% and 48% were females. Regarding to BMI majority of adolescents were normal weighted. Majority of adolescents belonged to rural areas 63% and 37% belonged to urban area. Majority of adolescent were vegetarian 59% and 47% were non-vegetarian. About 17% of adolescents were underweight, 33% adolescents were normal, 28% were overweight and 19% were obese class-1 were at risk. Majority (53%) of adolescents were having mild risk and followed by (27 %) having no risk followed by those having moderate risk (13%) and least (7.0%) were having high risk of developing cardiovascular disorders . Conclusion : With regard to association of cardiovascular risk factors with selected socio-demographic variables such as age (in years),dietary pattern, sex, BMI, area of residence, type of family, family history of cardiovascular diseases, type of family , Association of cardiovascular risk factors with Dietary pattern, BMI , life style, family history of cardiovascular diseases was found statistically significant at p<0.05.

Effect of omega-3 supplementation on lipid profile and inflammatory markers in children on chronic hemodialysis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation on the lipid profile and inflammatory markers in children on chronic hemodialysis. Background: Children with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are at a high risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients, Patients who are on hemodialysis have elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers. There is a growing interest in the application of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders in dialysis patients. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to reduce proinflammatory response, confer antithrombotic properties, improve lipid levels (particularly triglycerides), and improve endothelial function. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 23 children with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis in the pediatric hemodialysis unit of Menoufia University Hospitals. The patients received 1 g omega 3 per day for 3 months. Blood samples were obtained from the patients studied before and at the end of the study for hemoglobin, ferritin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL-c, and high specific-C-reactive protein measurement, and the differences were analyzed. Results: Of 23 patients, 12 were males and 11 were females, mean age 14.52 (8–18) years. There were statistically highly significant differences between the level of triglycerides before (148.86 ± 44.41 mg/dl), and after supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid (135.17 ± 45.99 mg/dl) (P 0.05). Conclusion: The use of omega 3 led to a significant decrease in serum levels of triglycerides in children on hemodialysis, and its use may be recommended in such patients.

Anticoagulant mechanism and platelet deaggregation property of a non-cytotoxic, acidic phospholipase A2 purified from Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom: inhibition of anticoagulant activity by low molecular weight heparin.

In the present study, anticoagulant and platelet modulating activities of an acidic phospholipase A2 (NnPLA2-I) purified from Indian cobra Naja naja venom was investigated. The NnPLA2-I displayed a mass of 15.2 kDa and 14,186.0 Da when analyzed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS, respectively. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of the NnPLA2-I showed its significant similarity with phospholipase A2 enzymes purified from cobra venom. BLAST analysis of one tryptic peptide sequence of NnPLA2-I demonstrated putative conserved domains of the PLA2-like superfamily. The Km and Vmax values of NnPLA2-I toward hydrolysis of its most preferred substrate-phosphotidylcholine (PC)-were determined to be 0.72 mM and 29.3 μmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. The anticoagulant activity of NnPLA2-I was found to be higher than the anticoagulant activity of heparin/AT-III or warfarin. The histidine modifying reagent, monovalent and polyvalent antivenom differentially inhibited the catalytic and anticoagulant activities of NnPLA2-I. Low molecular weight heparin did not inhibit the catalytic and platelet deaggregation activity of NnPLA2-I, albeit its anticoagulant activity was significantly reduced. The NnPLA2-I showed a non-enzymatic, mixed inhibition of thrombin with a Ki value of 9.3 nM. Heparin significantly decreased, with an IC50 value of 15.23 mIU, the thrombin inhibitory activity of NnPLA2-I. The NnPLA2-I uniquely increased the amidolytic activity of FXa without influencing its prothrombin activating property. NnPLA2-I showed dose-dependent deaggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and inhibited the collagen and thrombin-induced aggregation of PRP. However, deaggregation of washed platelets by NnPLA2-I demonstrated in presence of PC or platelet poor plasma. Alkylation of histidine residue of NnPLA2-I resulted in 95% and 21% reduction of its platelet deaggregation and platelet binding properties, respectively. NnPLA2-I did not show cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma U87MG cells, bactericidal or hemolytic activity. The future therapeutic application of NnPLA2-I for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders is therefore suggested.