Prevention Of Anemia In Children Research Articles

Role of Low Amount of Iron Intake from Groundwater for Prevention of Anemia in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, groundwater, the principal source of drinking water, contains predominantly high levels of iron. Drinking groundwater is associated with good iron status in populations. Against this backdrop, iron supplementation is often associated with side effects, which reduces its intake compliance. However, the level of iron in groundwater is not consistent, and low levels exist in many areas of the country. In the present study, we examined the role of groundwater with a low concentration of iron in the prevention of anemia in Bangladeshi children. In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh among children aged 2-5 years (n = 122) who drank groundwater containing a low level of iron (0-<2 mg/L). The combined intake of iron was calculated from the key sources-diet, groundwater, and the simulated intake of MNPs. The intakes of iron were compared against the standard reference intake. The children's hemoglobin levels were measured using a photometer. The combined intake of iron from diet, groundwater with low levels of iron, and the simulated consumption of low-iron MNP in children was 5.8 ± 2.0 and 6.9 ± 2.5 mg/day, comprising 193% and 169% of the Estimated Average Requirements in the 2-3-year-old and 4-5-year-old subgroups, respectively. The combined intake of bioavailable iron from dietary and low-iron groundwater was 0.42 ± 0.023 and 0.22 ± 0.019 mg/day in children exposed to groundwater concentrations of 0.8-<2.0 mg/L and 0.0-<0.8 mg/L, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean concentration of hemoglobin in the respective groups was 12.17 ± 0.94 g/dL and 11.91 ± 0.91 g/dL (p = 0.30). The combined intake of iron from diet and the low-iron groundwater was associated with maintenance of hemoglobin concentration at the non-anemic level in > 90% of the children. The findings highlight the protective influence of the low concentration of iron in the drinking groundwater against childhood anemia in Bangladesh.

Development of Applications to Prevent Children’s Anemia to Increase Mother’s Knowledge about Anemia in Children

Anemia is a health problem that is often found throughout the world and has an impact on the quality of human resources. Nutritional anemia will slowly inhibit the growth and development of intelligence, children will be more susceptible to disease due to decreased immune systems, this will certainly improve the condition of children as successors. Utilizing current technological developments, it is very possible to develop systems that can optimize children's health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of the application of prevention of anemia in children on mother's knowledge about anemia in children. Quasi-experimental research using pre-post test control group design. Samples were mothers who had children under five in the Puskesmas Banguntapan II, which were divided into two groups (35 intervention groups and 35 control groups). Data analysis with univariate and bivariate. The group was given an application intervention to prevent anemia in children. The control group conducted presented information in accordance with the procedures carried out from the puskesmas with leaflets. Both groups were measured before the intervention and 1 month before the intervention using a questionnaire. The results showed there was a significant increase between the intervention group compared to the control group in the level of mother's knowledge about child anemia (p=0.001). The result is applications increase the effectiveness of mothers’ knowledge about anemia in children, the use of applications is more effective than the use of leaflets in increasing knowledge about anemia.

Peripheral pharmaceutical intervention program for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in children

Objective: To identify how the implementation of a peripheral pharmaceutical intervention program influences the prevention of anemia in children from 0 to 5 years of age.Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive and comparative study was conducted with a purposive non-probability sampling. The study population consisted of 40 children and the sample included 28 children from 0 to 5 yearsof age, of both sexes, living in the Carlos Manuel Cox shanty town, located in the district of Ancón, province of Lima, Peru. Hematological tests were performed to measure the hemoglobin level in the children, and questionnaires wereadministered to their caregivers or parents. An awareness program on anemia, parasitosis, nutritious food, good hygienepractices, medical control, and medical and pharmacological treatment was undertaken. A Likert scale was used to determine the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. For blood analysis, a microhematocrit test was performed to measure the hemoglobin levels, prior to the awareness of anemia. The sampling was carried out by a medical technologist together with the researchers. Data processing was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics V25.0 and Microsoft Excel programs. Correlations between variables were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results:Concerning the results of knowledge about anemia, a mean of 7.6 and a standard deviation of 2.5 were found in the pretest, and a mean of 18.0 and a standard deviation of 0.0 were found in the posttest, thus there was no increase in knowledge. Conclusions: The pharmaceutical intervention program positively influences the knowledge of mothers about the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in their children.

Mothers's Knowledge and Behavior of Anemia Prevention in Children: Application of Pender's Health Promotion Model

Prevalence of anemia in children in Indonesia is still quite high. Parents' behavior in preventing anemia in children is still lacking. Health promotion model (HPM) with a Pender's model is needed. This study was aimed to develop a model of health promotion with a Pender theory approach to maternal behavior on the prevention of childhood anemia. Quasi Experiment with Pre and Post Test design was conducted in Kubutambahan II Primary Health Care. Data was collected in 100 respondents and analyzed by Mc Nemar test. The results showed there was an effect of health promotion on mother's knowledge of anemia prevention (p = 0,000). There was no effect of health promotion on mother's attitudes of anemia prevention (p = 0.845). There is an effect of health promotion on the actions/behavior of mothers regarding the prevention of anemia in children (p = 0,000). The developing health promotion based on the HPM approach can increase knowledge and behavior about preventing anemia. Health promotion by conducting outreach to the community needs to be carried out continuously by involving all aspects such as health workers, community leaders, community health workers and families to improve community health status.

Prevalence and factors associated with stunting among schoolchildren inDori in the Sahel region of Burkina Faso

To study the factors associated with stunted physical growth in primary school children and adolescents in the Burkina Faso Sahel. This was a secondary analysis of the data from the survey conducted by the Directorate of Nutrition in June2016 in 13primary schools. The baseline study was conducted from May15 to 24, 2016. This secondary analysis of the database took place from March to August2017. The study participants were made up of male and female students from public primary schools and who were beneficiaries of the school canteens of the Dori municipality at the time of the survey. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with a 5% significance level. The analysis involved a sample of 568students aged 5 to 15years. Girls accounted for 52% of students. The prevalence ofstunting was 32.92% (95% CI [29-36%]), it was 28.93% (95 %CI [23.84-34.62%]) among boys and 36.61 % (95% CI [31.28-42.28%]) in girls. Among primary students, age (ORa=4.38, P= 0.00), anemia (ORa= 0.24, P= 0.01) and latrine use (ORa = 0.58 with P= 0.02) were the factors statistically associated with stunting (P&lt;0.05). The prevalence of stunting among primary school students in the commune of Dori remains high. Associated factors were age, anemia and latrine use. Promotion of latrine use in households and prevention of anemia in children under 5years ofage would be necessary for the reduction of stunting among adolescents.

Mothers’ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices on Causes and Prevention of Anaemia in Children Aged 6 - 59 Months: A Case Study at Mkuranga District Hospital, Tanzania

Aims: Anaemia in children aged 6 - 59 months is an important public health problem associated with increasing hospital costs, lengths of hospital stay, and development of complications later in life. Due to the significant caregiver roles of mothers, the level of mothers’ knowledge, beliefs and practices are important in addressing anaemia in children. This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of select mothers on anaemia and linked these with known factors for anaemia. Methodology: The case study was conducted at Mkuranga District Hospital, Paediatric Ward between December 2014 and April 2015. A cross-sectional design was used to recruit a convenience sample of 40 mothers whose children had a confirmed diagnosis of anaemia (through routine laboratory testing). Results: Within the sample, the majority of children were male (52.5%); aged 6 - 39 months (87.5%); and had a diagnosis of severe anaemia (75.0%) according to the World Health Organization’s definition. Over one third (35%) of mothers reported a prior history of anemia in their other children, and the majority (55%) had heard about anaemia prior to their child’s hospitalization. Maternal anaemia was reported by 67.5% of mothers. Mothers reported that maternal anemia (17.5%) and feeding practices (32.5%) are known contributing factors to anaemia in children. Mothers reported that anemia could be prevented (55.0%) and cured by herbal preparations (47.5%). In addition, some mothers indicated that anaemia was caused by witchcraft (22.5%) and eating lemons (2.5%). Conclusion: Severe anaemia was high among the studied population which aligned with their hospitalization status. Findings suggested potential gaps in control and management of anemia in children possibly related to low awareness or incorrect knowledge of the relationship between maternal and child anaemia. The findings also highlighted important cultural beliefs related to anaemia. There is an imperative for culturally and socially appropriate knowledge translation and exchange with mothers in order to impact on the prevention and control of anaemia in children in Tanzania.

Implications of inconsistent anaemia policies for children and adolescents in Africa.

To evaluate the quality of policies concerning the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of anaemia in children and adolescents; to determine to what extent these are evidence-based; and to use this analysis to inform the policy-making process. Children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Almost 50 % of children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are anaemic, which has profound effects on their intellectual and physical development and their chance of survival. Evidence-based policies are essential to reduce anaemia but because it is caused by an array of interdependent factors, developing policies is challenging. Forty-six policy documents concerning the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of anaemia in children and adolescents were identified and analysed. There was policy consensus on the usefulness of Fe supplements, the need to treat co-morbidities and the use of blood transfusions for severe anaemia. Information about diagnosis was scarce, and messages regarding the control of anaemia were mixed. Few of the policies were tailored for the African context and they were located on several websites hosted by different health programmes. The weakest aspects of the policies and consequently the priorities for better policy making were: lack of adherence to WHO recommendations for guideline development; little involvement of African practitioners/policy makers in the guideline group and as peer reviewers; and lack of harmonisation, demonstrating the need to establish a single body responsible for developing/revising anaemia policies.

Anemia-associated factors in infants born at term with normal weight

To investigate the factors involved in the genesis of infant iron deficiency anemia. This is a cross-sectional study, which evaluated 104 children in their second year of life who were born at term with adequate weight in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. An interview, a 24-hour recall to parents, and anthropometric assessment were used. Laboratory exams included blood count, ferritin, and serum retinol. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UFMG and UFV. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Epi Info and SPSS softwares. Poisson generalized linear regression model was used to determine the association of anemia with the study variables, with results expressed as prevalence ratio. Vitamin A deficiency and anemia were identified in 9.6% e 26% of the children, respectively. Infant anemia was associated with the date of onset of prenatal care, maternal use of iron after childbirth, paternal working status, prior use of iron by the child, and duration of breastfeeding. Thus, in the second year of life, lactating children of women who began prenatal care late and did not use iron compounds after birth, with unemployed parents, who never received iron compounds, and who were predominantly breastfed for more than four months had significantly higher prevalence of anemia. The results have demonstrated the importance of nutrition during pregnancy and infancy in the prevention of anemia in children.

Fatores associados à anemia em lactentes nascidos a termo e sem baixo peso

OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores envolvidos na genese da anemia ferropriva em lactentes. METODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, no qual foram avaliadas 104 criancas no segundo ano de vida, que nasceram a termo e sem baixo peso, no municipio de Vicosa, Minas Gerais. Foi aplicada entrevista aos pais, realizado recordatorio 24 horas e avaliacao antropometrica. Os exames laboratoriais foram eritrograma, ferritina e retinol serico. O estudo foi aprovado pelos Comites de Etica com seres humanos da UFMG e UFV. As analises estatisticas foram conduzidas no Epi Info e SPSS. O Modelo de Regressao Linear generalizado de Poisson, com resultados expressos como razoes de prevalencias, foi utilizado para verificar a associacao da anemia com as variaveis do estudo. RESULTADOS: A deficiencia de vitamina A e a anemia estiveram presentes em 9,6% e 26% das criancas, respectivamente. A anemia dos lactentes se associou ao uso de composto ferroso no pos-parto pela mae, uso anterior de composto ferroso pela crianca, inicio do pre-natal, tempo de aleitamento materno predominante e condicao de trabalho do pai. Assim, no segundo ano de vida, os lactentes filhos de mulheres que iniciaram o pre-natal tardiamente e nao usaram o composto ferroso apos o parto, com pais em situacao de desemprego, que nunca receberam composto ferroso e que mantiveram o aleitamento materno predominante por mais de quatro meses, apresentaram significantemente maior prevalencia de anemia. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados demonstraram a importância da nutricao durante a gestacao e durante a infância na prevencao da anemia em criancas.

Effect of two different house screening interventions on exposure to malaria vectors and on anaemia in children in The Gambia: a randomised controlled trial

House screening should protect people against malaria. We assessed whether two types of house screening--full screening of windows, doors, and closing eaves, or installation of screened ceilings--could reduce house entry of malaria vectors and frequency of anaemia in children in an area of seasonal malaria transmission. During 2006 and 2007, 500 occupied houses in and near Farafenni town in The Gambia, an area with low use of insecticide-treated bednets, were randomly assigned to receive full screening, screened ceilings, or no screening (control). Randomisation was done by computer-generated list, in permuted blocks of five houses in the ratio 2:2:1. Screening was not treated with insecticide. Exposure to mosquitoes indoors was assessed by fortnightly light trap collections during the transmission season. Primary endpoints included the number of female Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes collected per trap per night. Secondary endpoints included frequency of anaemia (haemoglobin concentration <80 g/L) and parasitaemia at the end of the transmission season in children (aged 6 months to 10 years) who were living in the study houses. Analysis was by modified intention to treat (ITT), including all randomised houses for which there were some outcome data and all children from those houses who were sampled for haemoglobin and parasitaemia. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN51184253. 462 houses were included in the modified ITT analysis (full screening, n=188; screened ceilings, n=178; control, n=96). The mean number of A gambiae caught in houses without screening was 37.5 per trap per night (95% CI 31.6-43.3), compared with 15.2 (12.9-17.4) in houses with full screening (ratio of means 0.41, 95% CI 0.31-0.54; p<0.0001) and 19.1 (16.1-22.1) in houses with screened ceilings (ratio 0.53, 0.40-0.70; p<0.0001). 755 children completed the study, of whom 731 had complete clinical and covariate data and were used in the analysis of clinical outcomes. 30 (19%) of 158 children from control houses had anaemia, compared with 38 (12%) of 309 from houses with full screening (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.97; p=0.04), and 31 (12%) of 264 from houses with screened ceilings (OR 0.51, 0.27-0.96; p=0.04). Frequency of parasitaemia did not differ between intervention and control groups. House screening substantially reduced the number of mosquitoes inside houses and could contribute to prevention of anaemia in children. Medical Research Council.

Strategies for the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children

Strategies for the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children

Anemia in children: early iron supplementation.

Iron deficiency anemia is the most wide spread micronutrient deficiency disorder in the world, being most prevalent in women and young children. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of anemia in children and its contributory factors with reference to early iron supplementation. It was a cross sectional study done on 137 children of age 1-2 years in urban slums of Meerut. Prevalence of anemia in the study group was 59.9%. The socio-economic status, mother's educational status, birth weight, sibling order, and type of weaning food did not show any significant relationship with the prevalence of anemia in these children, whereas, weaning time, nutritional status and early iron supplementation had a positive impact on it. Exclusive breast feeding upto 4 months followed by weaning, adequate nutritional status and early iron supplementation have a definite role in prevention of anemia in children.

Iron deficiency anemia in children.

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in children. It most often occurs in children between the ages of 6 and 36 months of age. Prevention and management of iron deficiency anemia involve an understanding of the body's need for iron and foods that supply adequate amounts of absorbable iron. Iron deficiency anemia is associated with many characteristic laboratory findings. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia with ferrous sulfate is highly successful but must only be given for a limited course. The American Academy of Pediatrics has made specific recommendations for the prevention of iron de-ficiency anemia in children.