Prevention Of Anemia In Pregnancy Research Articles

Perbandingan Pemberian Buah Naga Dan Buah Bit Terhadap Kadar Hb Ibu Hamil Di PMB RY Kecamatan Panongan Kabupaten Tangerang

Introduction: Anemia is a factor in maternal mortality. PMB RY Panongan District, Tangerang Regency, the target data for anemic pregnant women in 2020 is 13.6%; in 2021 it is 14.6% and in 2022 it is 15.8%. Prevention of anemia in pregnancy apart from Fe supplements can also be done by consuming foods that contain iron, such as dragon fruit and beets. Methods: Quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group design. The sample is pregnant women who experience anemia in January-February 2023 as many as 30 samples using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention was given 250g once a day for 14 days. Bivariate analysis used paired sample t-test and independent t-test. Results: The results of a Univariate study of Hb levels of pregnant women before the administration of dragon fruit averaged = 10,247 gr/dl and after the administration of dragon fruit averaged = 10,627 gr/dl. Hb levels of pregnant women before the administration of beets averaged = 10,187 gr/dl and after the administration of beets averaged = 11,133 gr/dl. The results of the bivariate study obtained a p-value = 0,000. Discussion: There are differences in the effect of giving dragon fruit and beetroot on Hb levels of pregnant women. Pregnant women are expected to be diligent in consuming foods that contain iron, one of which is beetroot and lemon juice, and be obedient in consuming Fe tablets to increase Hb levels in the mother's blood.

Prevention of Anaemia in Pregnancy: A Five-Year Scoping Review

Abstract: Approximately 50% of pregnant women globally suffer from pregnancy-related anaemia, which is a serious issue for reproductive health and can lead to a number of complications, including low birth weights, premature deliveries, foetal deformities, and feto-maternal mortality. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the suggested strategies to prevent anaemia in pregnancy through a 5-year scoping review (November, 2017 to November, 2022). Methods: A comprehensive list of keyword combinations linked to anemia prevention in pregnancy and pertinent approaches to inform the search strategy were evaluated. Significant events, including pregnancy and anemia, were cross-referenced with the frequency and variability of terms across time. Literature from Pubmed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, PLOS One, and Cochrane database were reviewed. Results: Evidence-based preventative therapy options for iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy include prophylactic iron supplementation, food fortification with iron and folate, and health education. There is a wealth of research on the effects of these therapies on the occurrence of anaemia during pregnancy. However, these prospects are endangered by several variables, such as inadequate health facilities, low maternal health literacy, low utilisation of maternal health care in developing countries, a dearth of resources for health education, and lack of a government policy that prevents anaemia during pregnancy. Conclusion: If the highlighted challenges are appropriately addressed through the provision of health education material, the effectiveness of anaemia prevention in pregnancy could be sustained.

Assessment of Attitude, Knowledge and Prevention of Anemia in Pregnancy among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Udi LGA in Enugu State, Nigeria

This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices towards anemia among women attending ANC in Udi LGA, Enugu State. Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency disorders affecting pregnant women in developing countries, including Nigeria. Anemia during pregnancy is commonly associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both the mother and fetus. Specific objectives of this study are; to determine the knowledge level of women attending ANC in selected clinics in Udi LGA on anemia, to determine the attitude towards anemia among women attending ANC clinic and to evaluate the knowledge level on preventive measures against anemia among women attending ANC in Udi LGA. A questionnaire-based study was implored to obtain direct information from the respondents and a total of three hundred and eighty-seven (387) respondents were captured. The mean age of the respondents is 32 years. Those between the ages of 26-30 and 31-35 are the highest in number with the frequency of 100 (25.83). Majority of the respondents 159 (46.08) had tertiary education. The results showed that most of the respondents (74.0%) had a good knowledge of anemia in pregnancy. About, 19.2% had an average level of knowledge while 6.8% had a poor knowledge of anemia in pregnancy. It also showed that (59.5%) had a right or excellent attitude towards anemia in pregnancy. About, 27.7% had an average or fair attitude. More so, (75.7%) had an excellent preventive measure towards anemia during pregnancy. Therefore, this study shows that the majority of the respondents have good knowledge, the right attitude and preventive measures towards anemia during pregnancy. Thus more effort is encouraged in sensitization of the public.

Knowledge and Practice of Prevention of Anaemia in Pregnancy Among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State

Anaemia in pregnancy is a significant public health concern and is common among pregnant women and children. The study examined the knowledge of anaemia in pregnancy and preventive practices among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu. This study adopted descriptive survey design and 150, sample size was calculated. The same number of questionnaire was distributed following an informed consent. The data for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency/percentages and inferential statistics such as correlation analysis. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and practice of prevention of anaemia in pregnancy by the pregnant women at p-value of 0.000 which is significant at 5%. Also, the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the perceived causes of anaemia in pregnancy and its preventive practices among the pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu at p-value of 0.000 which is significant at 5% level. The implication of this is that the level of knowledge and practice of prevention of anaemia in pregnancy by pregnant women has influence on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu especially those affected by the menace. In conclusion, it was clear that anaemia in pregnancy is prevalent in Nigeria contemporary society whose quick prevention should be taken into prompt consideration. It is however recommended that the government should employ more public health nurses in order to ensure at least a visit to help increase the knowledge of pregnant women on anaemia in pregnancy and lay more emphasis on the preventive practices.

Utilization of various honey, fruits, and vegetables to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia in Indonesia

The aims of the study was to analyze the student’s theses research data of Midwifery Study Program at Faculty of Health Sciences Universitas Nasional regarding the use of honey, fruit and vegetables to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia in Indonesia. The research was conducted by analyzing student theses for four semesters between 2020 and 2023. The variables analyzed included location of the research, types of honey, fruits and vegetables, form of serving, method of consumption, and the effect on hemoglobin levels. A total of 522 student’s theses from 2020 until 2023 were recorded. The results showed 40 theses research (7.66%) were according to the research objectives. The research locations were cover 11 provinces in Indonesia. There are two types of honey, namely acacia honey and mutiflora honey. There are 10 fruits consumed with or without a combination (guava, star fruit, dates, tomatoes, dragon fruit, watermelon, ambon banana, papaya, lime, avocado). There are also 10 vegetables consumed with or without a combination (beetroot, carrot, red spinach, green spinach, katuk, moringa, matel, green bean, broccoli, and caulerpa). The mean increase in the hemoglobin level ranged from 0.85 to 3.71 g/dl. Prevention of anemia in pregnancy should not only be done by providing blood-boosting tablets or iron supplement but also by providing varied and nutritionally balanced food to increase the hemoglobin level and prevent anemia in pregnancy.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING ANAEMIA IN ANTENATAL WOMEN - A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY

Introduction: Anaemia is one of the most common nutrition deficiency disorders affecting pregnant women. During pregnancy they need for iron for mother and foetus gradually increases and will reach its highest level at the end of pregnancy. Poor dietary practice and low compliance to iron tablets among pregnant women are major contributors for high burden of anaemia. They should be awareness of anaemia among antenatal women and association of knowledge, attitude and practice of Nutrition during pregnancy and taking iron-rich food. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding anaemia in antenatal women. Material & Methods: It was a prospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kurnool Medical College and Hospital, Kurnool ,Andhra Pradesh over a period of 3 month from November 1st 2022 to January 31st 2023. Data was collected by using a structured and Pretested questionnaire which asked question on nutrition in pregnancy,anaemia and associated factors. Results: A total of 500 antenatal women, 344 of them had heard about iron deficiency anaemia, 304 of them know that poor nutrition causes the anaemia during pregnancy , 192 agreed that iron supplement or iron tablets can prevent anaemia, 201 of them dont know that spacing of pregnancies can prevent anaemia ,331 have not taken a regular iron tablets. The study reflects the ignorance, poverty and illiteracy among majority of the child bearing women coming to the Hospital. Conclusion: Assessments of knowledge and practice and health education are essential step towards prevention of anaemia in pregnancy. Educating antenatal women about the importance of diet and implementing this into practice will help in the prevention of anaemia.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: An Overview

The most common and also the most overlooked dietary deficiency in the world is iron deficiency anaemia. It is not only a problem in developing countries or in countries with few resources, but it is also a problem in industrialised ones. The main goal of this article is to raise awareness about the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, the aetiology of anaemia in pregnancy (not just during pregnancy but throughout adolescence) and the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy by extending the vision to the adolescent age group in order to reduce the risk of nutritional deficiency anaemia during pregnancy. Because of their increased iron requirements for rapid growth and menstrual blood loss, adolescent girls are particularly sensitive to this illness. Poor nutrition is the most common cause of anaemia, which is caused not only by socioeconomic reasons but also by cultural and other conditioning factors such as viral infections, which promote malnutrition in teenagers. Malaria, intestinal parasites, diarrhoea, and tuberculosis are among diseases that cause malnutrition. Anemia’s severity and length are crucial during pregnancy since it increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, maternal mortality, and other complications. Anemia is a worldwide health issue that affects about one-third of the world’s population and is one of the primary causes of disability. Anemia in pregnancy is associated with a high rate of morbidity and death due to a woman’s inability to respond to postpartum blood loss, which can have life-threatening effects. Iron deficiency anaemia has a direct link to hunger; according to the WHO, iron deficiency anaemia occurs in 50-80% of areas with chronic malnutrition. However, iron insufficiency is becoming more widespread in wealthy countries, with an increase of 20%. Iron insufficiency is quite common in women of reproductive age, with roughly 30% of them suffering from it.

Anemia Awareness, Causes, and Prevention among Pregnant Women at Asogbon Phc, Bariga, Lagos State, Nigeria

Anemia has been identified as a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries, affecting around 2 billion people and accounting for threequarters of a million fatalities per year in Africa and Southeast Asia. Anemia in pregnancy is common, according to research from around the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of awareness, causes, and prevention of anemia in pregnancy among pregnant mothers attending Asogbon PHC Bariga in Lagos State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The respondents were given a questionnaire. One hundred and nine (109) questionnaires were distributed, collected, and analyzed by respondents. The study's data was examined and processed with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) V21. To assess participant characteristics and offer responses to the study's research questions, descriptive analysis, frequency, average, and percentage were employed. The study discovered that knowledge about anemia signs, vulnerability, food, and prenatal visits was good, but information about causes and perceived effects of anemia was inadequate. According to the findings, the most common known cause of the condition is a poor diet, followed by malaria, worm infestations, and other factors. Despite widespread recognition that poor diet is the leading cause of anemia in pregnancy, there is little information about food sources that can assist in combating the disease. Also, less than half of those who profess knowledge of anemia-fighting foods eat them throughout pregnancy. The study found that the pregnant women were of reproductive age and had completed secondary and higher secondary school. The study revealed that while there was good awareness and prevention of anemia in pregnancy, To obtain a better feto-maternal outcome in pregnancy, there is a need to raise awareness about anemia in pregnancy and implement effective health education programs on anemia prevention.

Education to Prevent Anemia in Pregnancy

Anemia in pregnant women can increase the risk of maternal and infant mortality. Pregnant women really need tablets to increase blood (iron) to avoid anemia. Prevention of anemia in pregnancy starts from adolescence and when it is declared pregnant by consuming iron and folic acid supplements. People who have the potential to experience anemia are women. Educational activities for the prevention of pregnancy anemia were held on Sunday, July 17, 2022 at the RT Kembangan Regency Gresik hall which was attended by cadres, local residents, and pregnant women. The method used is providing counseling, handouts, picture and video slides and questions and answers about anemia. After this counseling, it is hoped that all pregnant women will understand about preventing anemia in pregnancy and how to prevent it.

Knowledge and parity prevention of anemia in pregnancy

Introduction: The largest public health issue in the globe, particularly for women who are close to childbearing age, is anemia. Anemia during pregnancy is said to be “dangerous to mother and child”. In 2015, Indonesia's maternal mortality rate (MMR) was 305 per 100,000 KH. Pregnancy who experienced anemia in the world are still very high. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is 41.8%. In Indonesia, the increasing in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. One of the causes of anemia in pregnant women is the knowledge and parity. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and parity of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Methods: The research design is cross-sectional with the independent variables which are knowledge and parity. The dependent variable is the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The population used by all pregnant women is 48. The sampling technique uses total sampling and collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Results: The results of research informed that most pregnant women had anemia, around 56.2%. The results of the statistical analyses revealed a p value of 0.007, indicating a relation between parity and the prevalence of anemia. Besides that, there was a relation between knowledge and the prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: There is an influence between knowledge and parity on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Countermeasures that can be done by providing information communication and education on pre-wedding preparation.

Effect of personalized home-based support for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes: a cluster randomized trial.

BackgroundAnemia during pregnancy has been linked to higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of individualized home-based care for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThis was a cluster-randomized experiment done in Burkina Faso’s Sindou health area between 2015 and 2016. The intervention included a monthly home-based visit focused on nutritional counseling and pregnancy monitoring for pregnant women, and a training on nutrition for pregnant women, prevention of anemia in pregnancy, and management of anemia in pregnancy for health facility teams. In the control group, prenatal care was administered in accordance with national program guidelines. The primary outcome was the reported prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. The secondary outcomes of stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and abortion were evaluated using a difference in differences analysis and mixed models across the two groups. The sample consisted of 617 pregnant women, with 440 women assigned to the intervention group and 177 assigned to the control group. No maternal fatalities occurred in either group. The intervention decreased stillbirths by -1.6% (95% confidence interval: -3.1% to - 0.1%). It had no impact on the rates of low birth weight, premature birth, and abortion.ConclusionIn rural Burkina Faso, personalized support of pregnant women at home, in conjunction with appropriate prenatal care, reduced stillbirths, but not the rates of low birth weight, preterm birth, or abortion.

Intermittent preventive treatment comparing two versus three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in Ghana: A cross-sectional study

In 2012 the World Health Organisation (WHO) revised the policy on Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to at least three doses for improved protection against malaria parasitaemia and its associated effects such as anaemia during pregnancy. We assessed the different SP dosage regimen available under the new policy to determine the dose at which women obtained optimal protection against anaemia during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic at four different health facilities in Ghana. The register at the facilities served as a sampling frame and simple random sampling was used to select all the study respondents; they were enrolled consecutively as they kept reporting to the facility to receive antenatal care to obtain the required sample size. The haemoglobin level was checked using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to generate odds ratios, confidence intervals and p-values. The overall prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was 62.6%. Pregnant women who had taken 3 or more doses of IPTp-SP had anaemia prevalence of 54.1% compared to 66.6% of those who had taken one or two doses IPTp-SP. In the multivariable logistic model, primary (aOR 0.61; p = 0.03) and tertiary education (aOR 0.40; p = <0.001) decreased the odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Further, pregnant women who were anaemic at the time of enrollment (aOR 3.32; p = <0.001) to the Antenatal Care clinic and had malaria infection at late gestation (aOR 2.36; p = <0.001) had higher odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Anaemia in pregnancy remains high in the Northern region of Ghana. More than half of the pregnant women were anaemic despite the use of IPTp-SP. Maternal formal education reduced the burden of anaemia in pregnancy. The high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy amid IPTp-SP use in Northern Ghana needs urgent attention to avert negative maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Barriers in Prevention of Anemia in Pregnancy.

IntroductionAnemia in pregnancy is a significant health challenge in India and other developing countries. Various health programs aiming anemia prevention are existing in India for many decades. Despite that, anemia affects more than half of pregnant women. Our objective for performing this study was to evaluate the barriers in the prevention of anemia and to evaluate the perceptions and practices of anemic women towards their condition.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, including 210 anemic women, was conducted in a tertiary care center in Delhi, India. In-depth interviews were conducted with 50 participants.ResultsOur important observations were that anemia was more prevalent in multigravida, and 43.80% of anemic patients were not taking iron supplements at the time of diagnosis. Chronic diseases were associated with 28.2% (n=59) of anemic women. Only 19% (n=40) of women sought antenatal care in the first and second trimester; the rest all booked themselves in the third trimester only. Twenty-two percent (n=48) of women reached our hospital after 36 weeks. Ignorance to anemia symptoms and the importance of consistent intake of the oral iron supplements was seen in 35.2% (n=74). One hundred and sixty-five (74.8%) women accepted that healthcare provider had informed them about iron-rich and high protein diet, but only 47.1% (n=98) actually made dietary modifications. Only 9.5% (n=20) of women were consistent in iron intake. Side effects of iron were reported by 30% (n=64) of women, and 15% (n=32) were intolerant to oral iron. Non-availability, change of residence, and forgetfulness were the main reasons behind non-compliance to oral iron.ConclusionWe emphasize motivation for early registration, regular antenatal care, adequate iron supplement supply, and persistent counseling to ensure compliance to iron supplements by the antenatal care provider. Behavior-changing communication is needed at a societal level for antenatal mothers and their families aiming to prevent anemia in pregnancy instead of focussing on treatment.

First Trimester Ferritin Is Superior over Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Hepcidin in Predicting Anemia in the Third Trimester: Result from a Cohort Study in Indonesia.

Introduction Anemia in the third trimester has been identified as a risk factor for maternal and fetal morbidity that might lead to mortality. Due to its high cost, finding the best marker to predict anemia became more important to allow early prevention. Only one of ferritin, hepcidin, or soluble transferrin receptors can be picked for the prediction of anemia in the third trimester especially in low-resource setting. Objective This study aimed at defining the best marker among ferritin, hepcidin, or soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in the first trimester for prediction of anemia in the third trimester. Materials, Methods, and Setting. This diagnostic study was nested on the cohort study of vitamin D and its impact during pregnancy in Indonesia. Singleton pregnant mothers with normal fetus were recruited in the first trimester from four cities in West Java, Indonesia. The 304 pregnant women were screened for hepcidin, ferritin, and sTfR level in the sera. All biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Complete blood count (CBC) was done by impedance method measurement (SysmexR). Only subjects with complete data were included in analysis for diagnostic study to compare the three markers by finding the best receiver operating curve (RoC), likelihood ratio (LR), and risk estimate (RR). Result One-hundred and eighty-one pregnant women were eligible for analysis. The result of this study showed that the serum ferritin level in the first trimester was the best marker to predict anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hepcidin and sTfR performed poorly. A new cutoff point of ferritin level ≤27.23 ng/ml yielded the best ROC with 67% area under curve (95% CI 60%–75%, p < 0.0001, Youden index J 0.28), specificity 86.29% (95% CI 79.0%–91.8%), LR (+) 3.07 (95% CI 1.8–5.3), and RR 2.48 (95% CI 1.67–3.68). These last figures were better than the previously used cutoff point of ferritin level below 30 ng/ml. Conclusion This study provided evidence that the serum ferritin level ≤27.23 ng/ml in the first trimester was the best marker to predict anemia in the third trimester. It was valuably useful for secondary screening of anemia in pregnancy, targeting subjects who may need rigorous approach for iron deficiency treatment in the prevention of anemia in pregnancy.

Awareness and prevention of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria

Objectives: During pregnancy, the fetus requires iron for blood formation so does the mother, this increases the iron requirement which is higher than that of non-pregnant women. This study assessed the level of awareness and prevention of anemia among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 182 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at LUTH in Lagos, Nigeria. A balloting system was done to select the respondents in the clinic that runs 4 times a week, with an estimated number of 70 pregnant women per clinic. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 22. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis, Chi-square test was done for the association between the variables at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance. Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethical Committee of LUTH with approval number (ADM/DCST/HREC/APP/2589). Informed consent was taken and respondents were reassured of the privacy and confidentiality of the information obtained. Results: The highest percentage (33.3%) of the respondents was within the range of 26–30 years with a mean age of 28.18 ± 0.84 years. Majority of the women had a good level of awareness of anemia (68.89%) and good overall practices (73.89%) of prevention of anemia in pregnancy. There was no significant relationship between the respondents’ level of awareness of anemia and its prevention (χ2 = 1.533, P = 0.216). Conclusion: The study has shown that even though awareness and prevention practices were good, there is a need to create more awareness among pregnant women and also to give adequate health education on prevention of anemia to produce favorable outcome in pregnancy for both the child and mother.

Comparison of different doses of daily iron supplementation for anemia prophylaxis in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Different doses of iron are used for oral supplementation during pregnancy throughout the world. This objective of this review is to describe the effectiveness and side effect profile of different doses of oral iron supplementation for prophylaxis of anemia among pregnant women. Published literature was searched using keywords “iron,” “pregnancy,” and “supplementation” and related terms. Gray literature was searched in medical libraries including National Medical Library, Dr. B. B. Dikshit library, and library of ICMR. Intervention studies comparing different doses of oral iron given as prophylaxis for anemia during pregnancy, published till December 2017, were retrieved. Studies done only among anemic patients, and studies comparing oral iron with placebo were excluded. In total, 1588 studies were obtained and 11 of them met the objectives. In global studies, prophylactic dose of 30 mg and above is shown to maintain normal hemoglobin. Among the studies from India, prophylactic dose of 120 mg showed consistent results and 60 mg showed inconsistent results in increasing both hemoglobin and ferritin levels. No significant difference in side effects was reported up to 80 mg iron in global studies and the side effects were comparable with 60 to 240 mg doses in Indian studies. It was evident from the review that a state of clinical equipoise exists for the ideal dose of iron supplementation for the prevention of anemia in pregnancy in terms of efficacy and side effect profile. Robust clinical trial as well as technical consultation is required, especially in Indian setting to explore this question further.

Knowledge and practices of health workers on the prevention of anemia in pregnancy in Burkina Faso

Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health problem in low-income countries. The quality of human resources is essential for effective interventions. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and practices of health professionals and community health workers on the prevention of anemia in pregnancy in Burkina Faso. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was gathered using a structured questionnaire for health professionals and community health workers in the Cascades region. A total of 124 health professionals and 77 community health workers were enrolled. Knowledge of health professionals on the prevention of anemia in pregnancy was ?sufficient? in 25% of cases and that of community health workers was ?acceptable? in 33.8% of cases. Neither the number nor the variety of in-training topics and information received were associated with the knowledge level of the agents on the prevention of anemia. Hospital health professionals (AOR = 6.7, 95% CI: 1.3-34.5) and those trained in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI) 1.0-8.0) as well as community health workers who were in school (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-4.0) had the highest levels of knowledge. But, skilled health professionals (midwives) were rather concentrated in hospitals and not in peripheral health centers that were supposed to promote essential measures to prevent anemia in pregnancy. The prevention of anemia in pregnancy remains a challenge in Burkina Faso, partially because of the low level of knowledge and practices in peripheral health centers and in the community. Improving the knowledge and practices of peripheral healthcare providers through better in-training curricula could help reduce anemia in pregnancy prevalence.

Daily versus twice daily dose of ferrous sulphate supplementation in pregnant women: A randomized clinical trial.

The International Nutritional Anaemia Consultative Group has recommended a twice daily dose of 65 mg elemental iron supplementation in pregnant women living in areas where anaemia is prevalent contrary to the World Health Organization (WHO) universal recommendation of a daily dose of 60 mg. Whether twice or daily dose schedules proffer a better outcome is a subject of on-going research. To compare the effectiveness of the once versus twice daily doses of ferrous sulphate in the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. There are about one hundred and eighty two (182) pregnant women at gestational ages of 14-24 weeks with haemoglobin (Hb) levels ≥10 g/dl but ≤14.5 g/dl were recruited during the antenatal booking clinic. They were randomized into receiving either once daily dose (65 mg of elemental iron) or twice daily dose (130 mg of elemental iron) of ferrous sulphate. Pre and post- supplementation haemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin levels were assessed at recruitment and at 37 weeks gestation respectively. Eighty-four (84) and 80 women respectively in the once and twice daily dose groups were analysed. The serum haemoglobin was significantly lower (P = 0.002) among those on once daily than those on twice daily supplementation. The side effects were however, significantly higher in the twice daily group (P = 0.005, P = 0.043 and P = 0.004 respectively). There were no differences between the serum ferritin levels pre and post supplementation in both groups just as they were no reported significant differences in both birth weight of neonates (P = 0.936) and average gestational age at delivery (P = 0.469) between the two groups. Once daily (65 mg elemental iron) ferrous sulphate is as effective as twice daily (130 mg elemental iron) dose regimen in prevention of Anaemia in pregnancy in a developing economy like Nigeria. Once daily dose possesses fewer side effects and guarantees better compliance in this study.

Anemia in Pregnancy: Urban-Rural Comparison of Management and Prevention Among Women of Child-Bearing Age in Anambra State, Nigeria.

We explored management and prevention practices concerning anemia in pregnancy (AIP) in Anambra State, Nigeria from a cross-sectional survey of 600 women of child-bearing age through a multistage random selection process. The objective is to identify factors that influence recognition and management of AIP. A knowledge index of 45 points was developed with the mean score of 5.9 points (5.9 ± 6.1 SD). Furthermore, 49.3% of the respondents had good knowledge. The urban respondents had good knowledge (66.7%) compared with their rural counterparts (32%). There were misconceptions on the causes, management, and prevention of AIP during pregnancy. Multiple regression analyses revealed that variables such as religious affiliation, education, and residence influenced the knowledge about AIP. A unit increase in the educational level of the women will bring about 0.644 units of increase in the knowledge of AIP ( p = .003). A unit change from urban to rural locality would lead to 1.536 units increase in correct practices to prevent AIP ( p < .001). A unit change to being married would lead to 0.936 unit increase in correct practices to prevent AIP ( p = .025). Knowledge about the management and prevention of AIP was poor. Anemia-related education to improve knowledge and practice should be provided during antenatal care. Living in an urban community was associated with the odds ratio of 4.3 (95% CI [3.07, 6.07]) and 7.42 (95% CI [2.0, 27.6]) for knowledge and prevention of AIP, respectively.

Assessment of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anemia Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Anc Clinic at Adama Hospital Medical Collage, Adama, Ethiopia, 2017

<i>Background</i>: Anemia is a significant public health problem in developing countries, particularly in pregnant women. It refers to a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal. In developing countries, the cause of anemia during pregnancy is multifactorial and includes nutritional deficiencies. It is associated with an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In order to design an intervention for prevention of anemia in pregnancy, determination of its magnitude and identifying associated risk factors for anemia are paramount importance. <i>Objectives</i>: To determine the magnitude and factors associated with anemia during pregnancy among mothers attending antenatal care at Adama Hospital Medical College antenatal care clinic from November to December 2017. <i>Methods</i>: Institution based cross sectional study design was used in Adama Hospital Medical College from November to December 2017. The study participants were selected using systematic sampling technique from their sequence of antenatal care visit in the period of study, and associated risk factors data were collected using structured questionnaire by trained antenatal care service providers. Level of haemoglobin was determined. Descriptive and analytical statistics were computed using SPSS version 20. Odds Ratios, P-values and 95% CIs - the analytical statistics from bivariate and multi variate logstic regression were used to identify predictor variables associated with the dependent variable - anaemia. <i>Result</i>: A total of 329 participants completed the study making the response rate of 97.0%. The mean age of the participants was (26.5 ± 4.03). The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 14.9%. Pregnant women who had pica during pregnancy had 33.6(13.92 -81.48) times more likely to be anemic compared with those had no history of pica. Pregnant women who didn’t take iron supplementation during their pregnancy were 0.196(.085-.445) times more likely to be affected by anemia when they compared with those who took iron supplementation. <i>Conclusion</i>: The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 14.9%. Iron supplementation during pregnancy and presence of pica were significantly associated with anaemia in the study population. Therefore, long term and short term strategies helpful in alleviating these predisposing factors need to be developed so as to reduce the number of mothers affected by anaemia.