Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Research Articles

Community involvement in adolescent pregnancy prevention: A literature review

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of various community factors, including parents, peers, schools, and community leaders in initiatives aimed at preventing adolescent pregnancy. The methodology involved a comprehensive database search across Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect and ResearchGate. The primary search terms used were ‘community roles’ and ‘prevention of adolescent pregnancy’. There were seven articles obtained for analysis of the suitability of the topics, objectives, methods used, sample size, and results in each article. We evaluated the relevance of selected articles for their relevance to the topic, alignment with research objectives, research methods employed, sample sizes, and the results presented in each article. The main findings indicate that community factors play crucial roles in supporting adolescent pregnancy prevention. This study explores the significance of the community, encompassing peers, parents, schools, and the environment as key support and social control factors within the framework of adolescents’ pregnancy prevention.

The Relationship Between Parenting Style and the Peer Role with Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Behavior

Background: Adolescent pregnancy occurs in Approximately 12 million girls aged 15–19 years and approximately 777,000 girls under 15 years of age give birth each year in developing countries. The most of adolescent pregnancies occur every year, 50% of whom are aged 15-19 years, namely at least 21 million pregnancies and it contributes to maternal and child mortality rates. In Indonesia, it is estimated that around 1,220,900 women are married before the age of 18, placing Indonesia in the 10 countries with the highest absolute number of child marriages in the world).
 Purpose: To analyze the relationship between parenting styles and the role of peers regarding sexuality with adolescent pregnancy prevention behavior in the Autaqnapoq Health Centre Working Area.
 Method: This type of research uses an observational research design with a cross-sectional approach and instrument used is a questionnaire. The population in this study were all adolescents in the Autaqnapoq Health Centre Working Area. The sample in this study was 93. using purposive sampling techniques. The data was analyzed with Spearman rho test analysis.
 Results: the research showed that there is a relationship between parenting style with adolescent pregnancy prevention behaviour (p<0.001, r = 0.343). and there is a relationship also between the role of peers with adolescent pregnancy prevention behavior (p<0.000 and r = 0.357).
 Conclusion: The relationship between parenting styles and the role of peers with Adolescent pregnancy prevention behavior in the Autaqnapoq Lembata Health Centre Working Area.

Systematic review: risk sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions.

In many countries, there is a high number of teenage pregnancies, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), and unsafe sexual behavior, so there is a need for adolescent health intervention programs to change behavior. The effectiveness of comprehensive interventions in various contexts to reduce teenage pregnancy, STIs, and related sexual risk behaviors is reviewed in this systematic. This study aimed to identify risk sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions. Literature search strategy from January 2008 to December 2022 through electronic databases. Key words 'teenage prenancy' OR 'teen pregnancy' OR 'pregnancy adolescence', AND 'maternal education', AND 'randomised clinical trial', AND 'risk behavior'. Articles that were deemed worthy of following the PRISMA guidelines were 28 articles. Most studies looked at school-based, individual, community, clinic, and family-based care. Most studies were followed up after intervention at intervals from one month to seven years, and the majority of the population and sample were adolescents with ages ranging from 13 to 18 years. Implementation of research in urban, suburban, and rural areas. This program has proven successful in preventing pregnancy, contraceptive use, STI and HIV, sexual behavior, dropping out of school, knowledge about pregnancy, sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality, intention to change risky sexual behavior, self-efficacy, and increasing parent-children. This article describes some basic trends in adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions in several countries that can be used as a reference for health programs. Unproven effectiveness can be implemented in conjunction with other interventions that have a high-quality impact.

Interventions to prevent unintended pregnancies among adolescents: a rapid overview of systematic reviews

Risks associated with unintended pregnancy include unsafe abortions, poor maternal health-seeking behaviour, poor mental health, and potentially, maternal and infant deaths. Adolescent girls with unintended pregnancies are particularly vulnerable as they are at higher risk of eclampsia, premature onset of labour, and increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Unintended pregnancy, with the right combination of interventions, can be avoided. Evidence-based decision-making and the need for a robust appraisal of the evidence have resulted in many systematic reviews. This review of systematic reviews focuses on adolescent pregnancy prevention and will seek to facilitate evidence-based decision-making. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of each review according to the AMSTAR 2 criteria. We identified three systematic reviews from low- and middle-income countries and high-income counties and included all socioeconomic groups. We used vote counting and individual narrative review summaries to present the results. Overall, skill-building, peer-led and abstinence programmes were generally effective. Interventions focused on information only, counselling and interactive sessions provided mixed results.In contrast, exposure to parenting and delaying sexual debut interventions were generally ineffective. Adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions that deploy school-based primary prevention strategies, i.e. strategies that prevent unintended pregnancies in the first place, may effectively reduce teenage pregnancy rates, improve contraceptive use, attitudes and knowledge, and delay sexual debut. However, the included studies have methodological issues, and our ability to generalise the result is limited.

The Development of a Systems-Level Approach to Address Adolescent Access to Health Care: A Novel Confidentiality Policy Intervention.

Most evidence-based interventions in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and mental health remain largely aimed at individual-level outcomes and do not conceptualize adolescent health within a social-ecological model. Interventions to affect policy, systems, and environmental change offer potential for sustained population impact. The current initiative used an innovation framework to develop a novel systems-level approach to address adolescent access to health care. The Framework for Public Health Innovation provided an approach to develop a novel intervention. Confident Teen is a systems-level intervention that creates the opportunity, through organizational policy change, to increase adolescents' access to confidential sexual and reproductive health services through organizational policies. Gaps in adolescents' access to health care services allowed for a systems-level approach to be designed through an adolescent pregnancy prevention innovation initiative. Confidentiality is a right and critical component to their health care; therefore, a policy and conversation between provider and patient is a prioritized component of the novel intervention.

Association of service facilities and amenities with adolescent birth rates in Mexican cities

BackgroundThe association of the built environment and the structural availability of services/amenities with adolescent birth rates (ABR) has been overlooked in Latin America. We investigated the association of the availability, and changes in the availability, of services/amenities with ABR in 92 Mexican cities.MethodsWe estimated ABR using data on live birth registration linked to municipality of residence at the time of birth from 2008–2017. The number of services/amenities were obtained from the National Statistical Directory of Economic Units in 2010, 2015, and 2020 and grouped as follows: education, health care, pharmacies, recreation, and on- and off-premises alcohol outlets. Data were linearly interpolated to obtain yearly estimates. We estimated densities per square km by municipality. We fitted negative binomial hybrid models, including a random intercept for municipality and city, and adjusted for other social environment variables.ResultsAfter adjustment a 1-unit increase in the density of recreation facilities, pharmacies, and off-premises alcohol outlets within municipalities was associated with a 5%, 4% and 12% decrease in ABR, respectively. Municipalities with higher density of education, recreational and health care facilities had a lower ABR; in contrast, municipalities with a higher density of on-premises alcohol experienced a higher ABR.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of economic drivers and the need to invest in infrastructure, such as pharmacies, medical facilities, schools, and recreation areas and limit the availability of alcohol outlets to increase the impact of current adolescent pregnancy prevention programs.

It's not just about pads! Adolescent reproductive health views in Kenya: A qualitative secondary analysis.

Many adolescents face barriers to accessing reproductive health care even though quality reproductive health care is a fundamental human right. The objective of this study is to understand the requests of quality reproductive health among high school girls in Kenya. We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a sub-sample of adolescent girls in Kenya who participated in the What Women Want global campaign and analyzed interview data from key informants involved in the survey. We used pre-existing codes and current literature to design the coding framework and thematic analysis to describe emerging themes. Atlas. ti 8 was used to organize and analyze codes. Over 4,500 high school girls, ages 12 and 19 years, were included in the analysis, with 61.6% from all-girls boarding schools and 13.8% from mixed-day schools. Data from nine key informants complemented findings from the survey. Emerging themes included: 1) The need for improved menstrual health and hygiene: Sanitary towels and cleaner toilets; 2) Prevention of adolescent pregnancy: Access to contraception; 3) Respect and dignity: Participants want privacy and confidentiality; and 4) The need to address social determinants of health: Economic stability and a safe physical environment. This study indicated that adolescent high school girls have varied requests for reproductive health care and services. While menstrual health and hygiene are key issues, reproductive needs are beyond just sanitary products. The results suggest a need for targeted reproductive health interventions using a multi-sectoral approach.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception for Adolescents: A Review of Practices to Support Better Communication, Counseling, and Adherence.

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods, including levonorgestrel and copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the subdermal contraceptive implant, are the most effective reversible forms of contraception and thus are an important aspect of adolescent pregnancy prevention. While LARC efficacy, safety, and appropriateness are supported by major medical organizations and usage rates are increasing, overall LARC uptake among United States (US) adolescents remains lower than uptake of short-acting contraceptive methods. A better understanding of the barriers affecting adolescent LARC uptake and reasons for discontinuation could help facilitate effective communication. For example, learning how to improve adolescent-centered communication, shared decision-making, and motivational counseling strategies may be the first step to improving utilization rates. This narrative review includes three sections. First, this review will describe the history, mechanisms of action, and epidemiology of adolescent LARC use in the US and globally. Next, this review will describe key factors influencing adolescent LARC uptake, reasons for discontinuation, and multilevel barriers specific to adolescent LARC use. Finally, this review will characterize communication techniques and LARC counseling strategies for adolescents in the context of a reproductive justice approach set in the health belief model framework. The distinction between moving away from a presumptive counseling approach towards an adolescent-centered, shared decision-making approach to encourage parent-adolescent sexual health communication to lay the foundation of empowering adolescent reproductive autonomy should be the underpinning of all effective reproductive communication strategies.

PUBLIC OPINION TOWARDS ADOLESCENT PREGNANCIES AND EXPECTATIONS FROM HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Objectives: Complications arising from pregnancies during adolescence bring along very important health problems in terms of both women's health and babies' health. Therefore, society's perspective on adolescent pregnancies and expectations from healthcare professionals will guide the measures to be taken to protect maternal health under the age of 18. This study aims to identify the determinants of society’s point of view regarding adolescent pregnancies and to determine expectations from healthcare workers. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled randomly selected 980 subjects who volunteered to join the study, and answered a questionnaire composed of 39 questions. The questionnaire was consulted by multi-disciplinary to confirm the accuracy of the questions. Results: The mean age was 41.0 (range: 19-64, Male-Female ratio 1:1.15) and 71.6% were married. The majority (80.3%) argued that girls under the age of 19 should not have children, and this is significantly affected by income level and education. It has been observed that the view that reducing adolescent pregnancies will positively affect maternal and neonatal mortality rates is related to the education and income level of the participants. (p=0.001 and p=0.024). 66.1% of the respondents stated that adolescent pregnancies could be reduced by providing adequate information from primary healthcare institutions rather than other sources. In addition, primary healthcare institutions were shown as the primary center in the follow-up of these pregnancies by .66.1% of the participants. Conclusion: It is important to inform society about this issue in the prevention of adolescent pregnancies, which have significant risks for maternal and infant health. Society believes that the solution to this problem can be provided by primary health care services.

Sexual health educational intervention in medical students.

The National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Medicine created the Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, which is aimed at students. To determine the sexual-reproductive health profile of medical students through a diagnostic questionnaire and of those who participated in an educational intervention on sexuality (three modules). First-year undergraduate students, schoolyear 2017-2018, participated. Students were considered to be trained when they took at least one module. The questionnaire was answered by 1157 students, 21.9 % participated in at least one module, 43.1% had initiated sexual activity and 25 % received the educational intervention. Not having used a condom in their last intercourse was identified in 20 %, and a high prevalence of intercourse under the influence of alcohol was observed. It is important for specific sexuality competences to be promoted among those who will be doctors in the future.

Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancies in School Adolescents: A Collaborative Approach

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Reactive and proactive prevention of adolescent pregnancy in the community

Adolescence is a well-defined stage of the human life cycle that lies between childhood and adulthood. Teenage pregnancy becomes a complex public health problem. In the development of adolescent pregnancy, the different risk factors must be identified. It is necessary to implement biopsychosocial strategies for the reactive and proactive prevention of adolescent pregnancy in the community.

Nutritional status among pregnant adolescents at maternity teaching hospital

Background: Adolescent pregnancy increases nutritional requirements and the risk of pregnancy complications. There are few studies about anthropometric measurements as predictors of the nutritional status of pregnancy. Objective: The study consisted of an assessment of nutritional status by studying the association of anthropometric index and biochemical tests with adolescent pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study included 116 convenient samples of pregnant adolescents. An interview questionnaire was used for collecting the following data: socio-demographic, body mass index (BMI), height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin levels, and proteinuria. Pregnancy complications included; anemia, urinary tract infection, mode of delivery, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's R test chi-square, and logistic regression were all used in statistical analysis. Results: The majority of study subjects were of late age of adolescence (≥ 17 years), housewives with primary education, and had normal obstetric history. Multigravida was only in late age of adolescence. Most 46.9% were overweight. Primigravida decrease in overweight subjects (odds ratio [OR] 0.2*; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.88). The highest percentage had normal stature, 12.1% had short stature, 46.6 % had MUAC ˃28cm, and 3.4 % had undernutrition. Short stature increased at age 17 years and the risk of multipara increased in short stature (OR 4.2*; 95% CI 1.2-14.4). The majority had normal pregnancy outcomes. Anemia risk decreased in the normal height group (OR=0.08*: 95% CI 0.01-0.73), and in MUAC ≥ 28 cm (OR 0.77*; 95% CI 0.64-0,93). The risk of low birth weight increased not significantly in late age, among MUAC 24-28 cm, and significantly in anemia (OR=2.5*, 95% 1.1-5.5). Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of the adolescents with primigravid/para status had normal nutritional status and pregnancy outcomes, as a result of growth in height, MUAC, and weight gain. malnutrition among overweight older adolescents with multigravida status affects growth, causes shorter stature, and anemia consequently increases the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarian section. Because its effects manifest as teenage age increases in multigravida, this study supports the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. MUAC can be used to assess adolescent pregnancy complications.

Comprehensive sexual education program for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy in regular basic education students. Sechura 2022

El presente artículo : “Programa de Educación Sexual Integral para la Prevención del Embarazo Adolescente en Estudiantes de Educación Básica Regular, Sechura, 2022”, se investigó desarrollando un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo cuyo diseño es no experimental, pues el problema de la investigación se centra en la siguiente interrogante: ¿Es posible desarrollar un programa de educación sexual integral para prevenir el embarazo adolescente en estudiantes de Educación Básica Regular – EBR en la provincia de Sechura? Cabe destacar que la situación respecto al problema de los embarazos adolescentes constituye un problema que afecta la salud pública de nuestra sociedad; por ello expreso mi especial interés en abordar este problema, ya que para aportar en su solución tiene que ver mucho con el tema educativo.
 El diagnóstico realizado nos muestra que existe una amplia desinformación sobre este tema, los adolescentes desconocen el significado del término sexualidad; así como también no son conscientes de los peligros que encierra el hecho de mantener relaciones sexuales sin la debida protección. Por otra parte, desconocen del uso de los métodos anticonceptivos a pesar de que la gran mayoría de adolescentes inician su despertar sexual entre los doce y trece años de edad.
 La investigación propone la realización de un programa de intervención el cual se aplicará de manera extracurricular, con la finalidad de poder generar cambios significativos en la colectividad: estudiantes y padres de familia. Para el cumplimiento de tal efecto se requiere de la participación comprometida de los tutores y docentes quienes tendrán la responsabilidad de poder aplicar la presente propuesta.

Educational intervention for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. Municipality of Viñales

Educational intervention for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. Municipality of Viñales

Strategies for recruiting, training, and retaining educators for adolescent pregnancy prevention programs: Insights from organization leaders and educators.

This paper provides insights into how 17 community-based organizations (CBOs) recruited, trained, and retained educators in pregnancy prevention program implementations for underserved adolescents in different areas of the United States. The paper also highlights problems and potential solutions associated with these practices. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive framework. We conducted 41 interviews with leaders and educators of CBOs and conducted qualitative content analysis of the interview data integrating deductive and inductive coding approaches. We found that a commonly emphasized recruitment and selection challenge was finding qualified candidates for short-term project-based employment. Interviewees highlighted limitations of curriculum training in preparing novice educators for program implementation and shared their strategies to overcome these limitations. Post-onboarding professional development opportunities were available for long-term educators, but not for short-term project-based educators. Educators reported receiving sufficient support from their organizations and coworkers to perform their jobs and maintain their well-being. Although none of the educators desired to leave their roles, they shared potential reasons for turnover, such as project-based employment and a desire to explore different career paths. We align the study findings with best practices proposed in the adolescent health education and human resources literatures and present a set of recommendations. Researchers interested in adolescent pregnancy prevention program implementation and organizations that plan to implement programs can benefit from the findings and recommendations presented in this article.

Effective Interventions to Prevent Repeat Pregnancies in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Repeat adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem worldwide. Different interventions aimed at increasing the use of contraception and preventing repeat pregnancies have been implemented and their effectiveness has been evaluated. This systematic review evaluates the results of the efficacy of diverse interventions for contraceptive use and prevention of repeat pregnancies in adolescents. A search was conducted for articles published from 1985 to 2018 in the PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases, including interventions with adolescents 15 to 19 years of age who were pregnant, postpartum or had a history of pregnancy. Significant results were found for an increase in contraceptive use and prevention of repeat adolescent pregnancy, leading to the conclusion that there are reports of high methodological quality multicomponent interventions for the prevention of repeat adolescent pregnancy that could be tested in other socio-economic and cultural contexts.

Pedagogical Mediation and Popular Education for Promoters’ Training in Teenager´s Pregnancy Prevention

The paper presents a systematization of the training process of 16 Mediators and 105 Educational Promoters with an emphasis on prevention of adolescent pregnancy. The objective of the experience was to train Community Change Agents through preparing to work for the prevention and reduction of adolescent pregnancy and a culture of heath prevention at the Centro del Muchacho Trabajador. This document was obtained through a systematic review of the De Waal Foundation own monitoring, follow-up and evaluation instruments. Through the methodologies of Pedagogical Mediation and Popular Education supported by ICTs, the skills and competencies of 16 professionals of the Centro del Muchacho Trabajador were strengthened, which generated a cascade effect to raise awareness of the importance of prevention of adolescent pregnancy with 1481 members of the educational community through home visits, community mapping and design of materials for a internet digital fair. It was concluded that, when strengthening the capacities of a group, technical and methodological inputs should be provided to replicate activities each time need it. On the other hand, work through participatory methodologies and involving the entire educational community allows joint actions from different areas to be carried out, which are taught from a socio-ecological model.

Meta-analysis of Federally Funded Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program Evaluations.

Beginning in 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) sponsored numerous studies testing the effectiveness of Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention programs on youths' risky sexual behaviors. This article presents results from a meta-analysis of such studies completed between 2015 and 2019 and provided to us by HHS. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they used an experimental/quasi-experimental design, included a comparison condition, assigned at least 10 study participants to each condition, and measured and reported at least one outcome related to sexual behavior or consequences. Data were extracted using a standardized coding protocol and outcomes were coded as, or transformed to, log odds ratio effect sizes for analysis and then transformed to odds ratio effect sizes for presentation in the text. All outcomes were coded such that log odds ratios greater than zero (odds ratios greater than 1) indicate beneficial effects (e.g., reductions in risky sexual behavior). A total of 52 studies met the inclusion criteria. Across 7 outcome types, pooled effects were generally small, the direction of effects was mixed, and none achieved statistical significance: recent pregnancy (OR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.00, 1.68]), ever had sex (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [0.99, 1.15]), recent sexual activity (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.84, 1.09]), recent unprotected sexual activity (OR = 1.05, 95% CI [0.96, 1.16]), ever pregnant (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.51, 2.89]), number of sexual partners (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = [0.28, 4.22]), and proportion of recent sexual experiences that were unprotected (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = [0.43, 1.31]). Moderator analyses pooling across all 7 outcome types indicated minor differences in program effectiveness between program settings, with those delivered in classroom settings being the least effective (b = - 0.17, 95% CI [- 0.33, - 0.01]). These findings do not lend meaningful support for the overall effectiveness of this group of pregnancy prevention programs. However, because the meta-analysis sample only included programs recently funded by HHS, these findings may have limited generalizability to programs funded by other entities or implemented in other countries.

034 How to avoid pregnancy? Contraception

The use of effective contraceptive methods is a cornerstone of adolescent pregnancy prevention. Pregnancy itself is an important opportunity to counsel on future contraceptive plans, as rapid repeat pregnancy is common among adolescent mothers.