Preventive Care Research Articles

Comparison of characteristic competencies of public health nurses working at a community general support center and health and welfare in public administration in Japan.

To compare the characteristic competencies of public health nurses working for the older adult's health and welfare in public administration ("PA") with those at community general support centers ("CGSC") in Japan. We conducted a questionnaire survey by mail for PA and CGSC public health nurses. A competency list that was developed to compare three groups (PA, CGSC experts with ≥5 years of experience, and CGSC newcomers with ≤2 years of experience) was used. The following characteristics were examined: (1) competencies acquired early after arriving at the CGSC, (2) competencies acquired through a certain amount of CGSC experience, (3) common competencies, (4) competencies that even experts lacked, and (5) competencies that the newcomers lacked. We examined the responses of 171 PA nurses, 185 CGSC expert public health nurses, and 165 CGSC newcomer public health nurses. The results of comparison of the three groups showed that (1) had no applicable items; (2) had nine items for individual support associated with preventive care management; (3) had 14 items including teamwork among three professionals (social workers, senior care manager, public health nurse)/other professionals and self-improvement; (4) had three items for community development, (5) had two items for individual support and 16 items for community development. Initiatives for preventive care and coordination of care teams should be supported and suggested as characteristic competencies for CGSC public health nurses.

Review on the impacts of indoor vector control on domiciliary pests: good intentions challenged by harsh realities.

Arthropod vectored diseases have been a major impediment to societal advancements globally. Strategies to mitigate transmission of these diseases include preventative care (e.g. vaccination), primary treatment and most notably, the suppression of vectors in both indoor and outdoor spaces. The outcomes of indoor vector control (IVC) strategies, such as long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual sprays (IRSs), are heavily influenced by individual and community-level perceptions and acceptance. These perceptions, and therefore product acceptance, are largely influenced by the successful suppression of non-target nuisance pests such as bed bugs and cockroaches. Adoption and consistent use of LLINs and IRS is responsible for immense reductions in the prevalence and incidence of malaria. However, recent observations suggest that failed control of indoor pests, leading to product distrust and abandonment, may threaten vector control programme success and further derail already slowed progress towards malaria elimination. We review the evidence of the relationship between IVC and nuisance pests and discuss the dearth of research on this relationship. We make the case that the ancillary control of indoor nuisance and public health pests needs to be considered in the development and implementation of new technologies for malaria elimination.

Exploring Health Disparities in the Effectiveness of Hospital-Community Partnerships in Preventive Healthcare Interventions

Exploring Health Disparities in the Effectiveness of Hospital-Community Partnerships in Preventive Healthcare Interventions

Effect of a Cardiovascular Polypill on Poststroke Cognition Among Ghanaians: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Poststroke cognitive impairment is prevalent worldwide, with no satisfactory preventative therapeutic strategies. We report on the effect of a cardiovascular polypill on cognitive performance among recent stroke survivors. The SMAART (Stroke Minimization through Additive Anti-atherosclerotic Agents in Routine Treatment) trial was a phase II randomized trial primarily assessing the polypill versus usual care for secondary prevention after a recent ischemic stroke. Participants allocated to the experimental arm were provided 2 Polycaps taken orally once a day for 12 months. A capsule of Polycap contained aspirin 100 mg, simvastatin 20 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, ramipril 5 mg, and atenolol 50 mg. Participants in the usual care arm received standard secondary prevention therapy. We compared slopes of the trajectory of raw scores in the executive, language, memory, and visuospatial cognitive domains and aggregated cognitive scores over 12 months via a linear mixed-effects model. We enrolled 148 eligible participants (n=74 in each arm) and 59 versus 64 participants in the polypill and usual care arms, respectively, at month 12. Compared with the usual care arm, the slopes of cognitive performance over 12 months in the polypill arm were steeper by 2.02 units (95% CI, 0.52-3.53), P=0.009 in executive domain, 1.88 units (95% CI, 0.42-3.34), P=0.012 in language domain, 2.60 (0.03-5.17), P=0.049 in memory domain, 0.55 (-0.80 to 1.91), P=0.42 in the visuospatial domain, and global cognitive performance 6.87 units (95% CI, 1.44-12.30), P=0.013. The cardiovascular polypill is associated with a signal of better cognitive performance over 12 months among stroke survivors. Further definitive trials are warranted. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT03329599.

Does neighborhood matter? An analysis of HIV prevalence in Sub-Saharan African countries

ABSTRACT Over two-thirds of the population living with HIV were concentrated in Eastern, Southern, Western, and Central Africa in 2021. This paper employs data from the Demographic and Health Survey to assess the relationship between HIV prevalence and its socio-economic and demographic drivers at the neighborhood (macro-cluster) level. Additionally, the study examines the existence of differences in such relationships among countries. The results of the fractional logistic regression models highlight that highly educated neighborhoods are less likely to be affected by HIV. A greater average number of children, potentially due to programs that promote access to preventive antenatal care and prevention, is associated with a lower likelihood of residents living with HIV. Notably, HIV testing coverage is prevalent in neighborhoods with a high prevalence of HIV. It is also evident that there are notable differences between countries, which demonstrate national context plays a crucial role in the association between education, number of children, testing coverage, and HIV prevalences.

Features of the dental status of specialists-operators of underwater technical means of marine equipment

BACKGROUND: Conduct a comparative analysis of the dental status of specialists-operators of underwater technical equipment and military personnel of the St. Petersburg garrison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the dental formula of 66 contract servicemen was conducted. The main group consisted of 37 operators of underwater technical equipment aged 32 to 56 years, with average age of 44,7 ± 5,7 years. The comparison group included 29 officers of the St. Petersburg garrison aged 39 to 52 years, with average age of 46,3 ± 3,2 years. Dental status was assessed by the value of the intensity coefficient of carious process, and the level of dental care according to the generally accepted formula of P.A. Leus. RESULTS OF THE STUDY: It was found that the dental status of underwater equipment operators differs significantly in the number of decayed and extracted teeth, and although their coefficient of intensity of the carious process did not have statistical differences, it was significantly less (10 units) than in the comparison group (11 units). These features were naturally reflected in the reliable differences in the indicator of the level of dental care. In the group of operators of underwater technical means, it amounted to 92,4 ± 14,1%, and in the group of officers of the St. Petersburg garrison — 57,1 ± 18,4%. There were no significant differences in the study parameters when patients were divided into subgroups by age (young, medium). CONCLUSION: Despite the peculiarities of professional activity, the dental status and the level of dental care for underwater equipment operators are better than for officers of the St. Petersburg garrison. This can be explained not only by the higher level of medical and preventive dental care for these servicemen, but also by the better motivation to maintain dental health in connection with long autonomous trips.

Assessment of infrastructure and manpower as per IPHS guideline of the primary health centers in a district of Maharashtra: a descriptive study

Background: Primary health care is provided through PHCs. Primary health care includes the curative care for the diseases, preventive, promotive and rehabilitative care to the specified population of the defined area. The aim of the study was to assess infrastructure and manpower at primary health care centres as per IPHS guidelines. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 13 PHCs randomly selected, 1 from 13 blocks of Buldana district. A face-to-face interview was conducted using the semi structured questionnaire. Results: The 13 PHCs have MBBS medical officer. There are 10 (77%) PHC having their own building. The infrastructure for counselling room and health and wellness room is available at 11 (85%) PHCs. Major of the gap in human resource was seen in staff nurse (54%), pharmacist (23%), lab technician (46%), health assistant female (15%), counsellor (85%), dresser (77%), Data entry operator DEO (77%). Interrupted drug supply was reported for some drugs. Conclusions: The infrastructure at PHC needs to be improved and manpower at PHC can be filled up for better quality of health services delivery.

Illicit Fentanyl Use and Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana and San Diego: Results From a Binational Cohort Study.

Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) increases overdose mortality, but its role in infectious disease transmission is unknown. We examined whether IMF use predicts hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Diego, California and Tijuana, Mexico. PWID were recruited during 2020-2022, undergoing semi-annual interviewer-administered surveys and HIV and HCV serological rapid tests through 2024. Cox regression was conducted to examine predictors of seroconversion considering self-reported IMF use as a 6-month lagged, time-dependent covariate. Of 398 PWID at baseline, 67% resided in San Diego, 70% were male, median age was 43 years, 42% reported receptive needle sharing, and 25% reported using IMF. HCV incidence was 14.26 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.49-17.02), and HIV incidence was 1.29 (95% CI: .49-2.10). IMF was associated with HCV seroconversion, with a univariable hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.40), and multivariable HR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.03-2.40). The direction of the relationship with HIV was similar, albeit not significant (HR 2.39; 95% CI: .66-8.64). We document a novel association between IMF and HCV seroconversion among PWID in Tijuana-San Diego. Few HIV seroconversions (n = 10) precluded our ability to assess if a similar relationship held for HIV. IMF's short half-life may destabilize PWID-increasing the need for repeat dosing and sharing smoking materials and syringes. New preventive care approaches may reduce HCV transmission in the fentanyl era.

Sharenting: characteristics and awareness of parents publishing sensitive content of their children on online platforms

BackgroundThe term “sharenting” describes the increasingly popular habit of parents to share photos, videos, or other information regarding their children on their social profiles, through online platforms. It is highly likely that many parents are posting content about their underage children online with little knowledge of the risks associated with this practice. This study aims to investigate whether variables such as parents’ age, gender, marital status, occupation and educational level influence the practice of sharing child-related content and the degree of awareness.MethodsWe performed a pilot cross-sectional study, based on an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to parents of underage children attending the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, in Rome, Italy, by researchers, through the google forms platform; qualitative variables were generated on excel sheets and a statistical analysis was performed on SPSS Ibm-statistics using the chi-square test.ResultsTwo hundred twenty-eight parents of children under 18 years of age completed the questionnaire (82% mothers, 18% fathers); 98% of the respondents used social media and 75% of them published their children’s related content online. Thirty-one percent of the compilers started their practice of sharenting in the first 6 months of life of their child. Our analysis showed that compared to parents who do not post online, parents who usually post online their children are significantly more likely to be partial employees or unemployed (p = 0,002), with lower educational level (p = 0,05), younger (less than 35 years of age (p = 0,01)) and have a higher number of followers (p < 0,001). Finally, 93% of the compilers were not aware of the current legislation and of the risks related to the practice of sharenting.ConclusionsPediatricians, healthcare assistants and preventive healthcare professionals should play a central role in alerting parents and families to the risks of sharenting; the results of our study could draw their attention to the increasing practice of sharenting and make healthcare professionals active part in the protection of children.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Cultural Beliefs of Afghan Refugee Women Toward Gynecological Cancer: A Qualitative Study.

Gynecological cancers constitute an important global health problem with increasing incidence and prevalence. The aim of this study was to explain gynecologic cancer knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs of Afghan refugee women living in Türkiye. This research was carried out as a descriptive phenomenological design for qualitative research. The study was conducted at the Refugee Support Center Association in Eskişehir, Türkiye, and data were collected between January and April 2023, guided by a semi-structured interview guide. Nineteen Afghan refugee women were interviewed. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. Content analysis method was used for data analysis. Four overarching themes that described Afghan women's gynecologic cancer knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs were identified: (a) limited awareness and knowledge of gynecological cancer among women, (b) women's attitudes toward gynecological cancers, (c) women's cultural beliefs regarding gynecological cancer, and (d) healthcare system factors. In line with the main themes, subthemes were created for each main theme. Afghan refugee women, who were in the double risk group as both women and refugees, had insufficient knowledge of gynecological cancers, and their cultural beliefs and attitudes played an essential role in their access to gynecological cancer-related preventive healthcare services. It is recommended that training be planned to increase the awareness and knowledge of Afghan women on gynecological cancers, considering their cultural characteristics.

Secondary Stroke Prevention in People With Schizophrenia.

People with schizophrenia are less likely than those without to be treated for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the association between schizophrenia and secondary preventive care after ischemic stroke. In this retrospective cohort study, we used linked population-based administrative data to identify adults who survived 1 year after ischemic stroke hospitalization in Ontario, Canada between 2004 and 2017. Outcomes were screening, treatment, and control of risk factors, and receipt of outpatient physician services. We used modified Poisson regression to model the relative risk of each outcome among people with and without schizophrenia, adjusting for age and other factors. Among 81 163 people with ischemic stroke, 844 (1.04%) had schizophrenia. Schizophrenia was associated with lower rates of screening for hyperlipidemia (60.5% versus 66.0%, adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.93]) and diabetes (69.4% versus 73.9%, aRR 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89-0.97]), prescription of antihypertensive medications (91.2% versus 94.7%, aRR 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93-0.99]), achievement of target lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein <2 mmol/L) (30.6% versus 34.6%, aRR 0.86 [95% CI, 0.78-0.96]), and outpatient specialist visits (55.3% versus 67.8%, aRR 0.78 [95% CI, 0.74-0.83]) or primary care physician visits (94.5% versus 98.5%; aRR 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95-0.98]) within 1 year. There were no differences in prescription of antilipemic, antiglycemic, or anticoagulant medications, or in achievement of target hemoglobin A1c ≤7%. People with stroke and schizophrenia are less likely than those without to receive secondary preventive care. This may inform interventions to improve poststroke care and outcomes in those with schizophrenia.

Approach to the patient with Childhood Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease.

Childhood Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease (chILD) encompasses a group of rare, chronic lung disorders in infants and children with overlapping clinical features but diverse etiologies. The clinical presentation of chILD is of chronic or recurring respiratory signs and symptoms, often including increased work of breathing and hypoxia, with diffuse radiographic abnormalities on chest imaging. Recognition can be challenging since some clinical features overlap with those of more common pediatric respiratory diseases including asthma and recurrent viral infections, among others. chILD should be considered as an underlying diagnosis when a patient's respiratory symptoms seem disproportionate to the clinical scenario and/or persist. The diagnostic process involves multiple steps and is tailored to the individual patient. Nearly all children will undergo imaging and pulmonary function testing, many will undergo bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, many will receive genetic testing, and some will require lung biopsy. Treatment includes preventive care, evaluation for comorbidities, pharmacotherapy according to diagnosis, and ongoing disease surveillance, including revisiting genetic and histopathologic results as new clinical information becomes available and as our understanding of these rare disorders improves. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with chILD.

School Nurses' Perceived Role and Capacity to Support School Behavioral Health Programs in DC Public and Public Charter Schools.

School nurses (SNs) practicing in DC public and public charter schools were surveyed to assess their perceived role and self-reported preparation to provide behavioral health prevention, early identification, and treatment services in schools. A total of 154 SNs completed a questionnaire about their role in the delivery of behavioral health services and supports. SNs reported they are primarily involved in the identification and referral of students to other school behavioral health professionals. Respondents also reported a lack of training in behavioral health and a desire for more information on related programs and services. This study offers recommendations for educating future SNs and highlights how the DC School Health Services Program utilized study findings to build capacity for SNs employed in practice. This study can help tailor educational opportunities for SNs to maximize their role in school behavioral healthcare process flows and ultimately improve outcomes for students and families.

Synergistic impact of plasma albumin and cognitive function on all-cause mortality in Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundHypoalbuminemia and cognitive impairment (CI) each independently increase the mortality risk in older adults. However, these two geriatric syndromes can occur simultaneously. In community-dwelling older adults, is the combination of hypoalbuminemia and CI linked to a higher mortality risk than either condition alone?ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between plasma albumin, cognitive function, and their synergistic effect on mortality in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.MethodsData from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2012) included 1,858 participants aged ≥65. Baseline assessments comprised albumin levels and cognitive status. All-cause mortality was confirmed through 2014–2018 surveys. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations, and restricted cubic splines explored albumin-mortality relationship.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 48.85 months, 921 deaths. Albumin≥35 g/L vs &amp;lt; 35g/L [HR: 1.33 (95%CI, 1.10, 1.62)] and CI vs normal cognition [HR: 1.69 (95%CI, 1.43, 1.99)] independently predicted mortality. A dose–response relationship with mortality was observed for albumin quartiles (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Each SD increase in MMSE or albumin correlated with 22% and 15% lower mortality risk, respectively. Combined hypoproteinemia and CI increased the mortality risk by 155%, with a notably higher risk in males, those aged &amp;lt;85 years, and individuals living in rural areas. Interaction effects of albumin and CI on mortality were observed (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In the single CI group, older adults had a 61% increased risk of mortality in the hypoproteinaemia group compared with the albumin-normal group. Restricted cubic spline revealed a reverse J-shaped association, particularly for participants without CI. For individuals with CI, albumin levels were inversely associated with mortality risk.ConclusionHypoproteinemia and CI, individually and combined, increased all-cause mortality risk in Chinese older adults, with stronger effects observed in males, younger older adults, and those living in rural areas. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted adjustments and early nutrition programs in health prevention and clinical care for older adults.

Autism Among Adults with Down Syndrome: Prevalence, Medicaid Usage, and Co-Occurring Conditions.

Our objective was to examine occurrence of both conditions in Medicaid; and compare Medicaid service use and cost, and chronic conditions among adults with Down syndrome and autism to those with Down syndrome alone and those with autism alone. We used ICD9 and ICD10 codes in Medicaid claims and encounters from 2011 to 2019 to identify autism and Down syndrome in adults > 18 years. We then calculated costs, claims, hospitalizations, long term care days, and chronic conditions, and compared by group- autism alone, Down syndrome alone, Down syndrome + autism. Between 2011 and 2019, there were 519,450 adult Medicaid enrollees who met our criteria for autism (N = 396,426), Down syndrome (N = 116,422), or both Down syndrome and autism (N = 6,602). In 2011, 4.1% of enrollees with Down syndrome had co-occurring autism; by 2011 it was 6.6%. The autism group had the fewest claims and inpatient hospitalizations, followed by the Down syndrome group, then the Down syndrome + autism group. After age adjustment, those with Down syndrome alone and Down syndrome + autism had elevated prevalence of atrial fibrillation, dementia, heart failure, kidney disease, and obesity compared to the autism alone group. Both groups also had decreased occurrence of depression and hypertension compared to the autism alone group. Prevalence of autism is higher among people with Down syndrome than in peers. The increased costs and service use for those with both conditions highlight the extent to which this population need health care and signal the need for more effective preventative care and therapies.

Trauma, PTSD, and Self-Efficacy: Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening in Sexual Violence Survivors.

Sexual violence is highly prevalent in the United States and is associated with a host of negative physical and mental health outcomes. Specifically, sexual violence is associated with increased rates of cervical cancer, one of the most common cancers found in women. Furthermore, sexual violence survivors report reduced participation in preventive healthcare behaviors (e.g., Pap tests) which may reduce individuals' risk of developing reproductive health conditions such as cancer. Sexual violence exposure is also associated with increased symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and reduced trauma-coping self-efficacy (TCSE), two factors that may impact trauma-exposed individuals' level of avoidance of cervical cancer screens. Current research on the connection between sexual violence and reproductive healthcare often fails to examine potential underlying mechanisms behind this association, nor does it account for confounding factors such as healthcare accessibility and need. Accordingly, the present study tested a proposed moderated mediation model to explore the association between sexual violence and cervical cancer screening participation, including analysis of the indirect effect of TCSE and potential moderation of this effect by PTSD symptoms. Participants were 554 participants who reported experiences of sexual violence on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Severity of sexual violence was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of participation in recommended cervical cancer screening. TCSE did not mediate nor did PTSD moderate this association. Findings of this study suggest that individuals' reproductive healthcare behaviors are influenced by their experiences of sexual trauma, as well as by structural factors such as insurance and income. Limitations, directions for future research, and clinical implications of study findings are discussed.

Income inequality and healthcare utilization of the older adults-based on a study in three provinces and six cities in China

PurposeThe objective of this study is to gain a more nuanced understanding of the specific impact of income inequality on the utilization of healthcare services for older adults. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the moderating and mediating roles of public transfer income and psychological health in this context.MethodsA systematic examination of the impact of income inequality on healthcare utilization among older adults was conducted through field questionnaire surveys in six cities across three major geographical regions (West, Central, and East). The analysis employed baseline regression, as well as mediating and moderating effect tests.ResultsFirst, there is a negative relationship between income inequality and the use of therapeutic healthcare services (β1 = −0.484, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and preventive healthcare services (β2 = −0.576, P &amp;lt; 0.01) by older adults. This relationship is more pronounced in the low- and medium-income groups as well as in the western region. The mediating effect of psychological state is significant (β3 = −0.331, P &amp;lt; 0.05, β4 = −0.331, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Public transfer income plays a significant role in regulation. The moderating effect of public transfer income on therapeutic services was more significant in low-income groups (β5 = 0.821, P &amp;lt; 0.01). The moderating effect of public transfer income on preventive services was more significant in middle-income groups (β6 = 0.833, P &amp;lt; 0.01).ConclusionThe study clearly demonstrates a significant negative correlation between income inequality and the utilization of healthcare services by older adults. Furthermore, the study reveals that this relationship is particularly pronounced among older adults in low- and medium-income and Western regions. This detailed analysis of regional and income level heterogeneity is of particular value in this field of research. Secondly, this study attempts to integrate the two pivotal dimensions of public transfer income and psychological state for the first time, elucidating their moderating and mediating roles in this relationship. The findings indicate that public transfer income serves as a moderating factor, exerting a notable “reordering effect” on income inequality and resulting in a “deprivation effect.” Such factors may impede the utilization of medical services, potentially influencing the psychological state of older adults.

Emergency repairs downstream of earth and rockfill dams with water spring with indication of internal erosion

During periodic dam safety assessments, various anomalies are identified through field inspections, project documentation analysis, and structural behavior monitoring. These assessments aim to detect non-conformities, and engineering design firms propose technical solutions to address these issues. The primary goal of these reviews is to evaluate the overall state of conservation and structural safety, ensuring compliance with updated design criteria, revised standards, changing weather conditions, and technological advances. Dam renovations are crucial for enhancing operational capacity and preventive care. Implementing filtering materials within the dam's body establishes a drainage system to relieve internal pressures on the embankments and foundations. This prevents the washing away of soil particles due to internal erosion, known as "piping," a major cause of dam failures. Piping occurs when soil particles are displaced towards the outside of the embankment through the percolation process, particularly in the upstream area near the dam's base, where high hydraulic gradients and flows make it susceptible. This article presents a set of emergency or long-term solutions to address anomalies related to the onset of internal erosion in dams, with a focus on preventing piping. These solutions are vital for safeguarding the structural integrity and safety of these critical infrastructure components.

3D Simulation-Driven Design of a Microfluidic Immunosensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Sweat Biomarkers

This study presents the design and comprehensive 3D multiphysics simulation of a novel microfluidic immunosensor for non-invasive, real-time detection of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in human sweat. The patch-like device integrates magnetofluidic manipulation of antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with direct-field capacitive sensing (DF-CS). This unique combination enhances sensitivity, reduces parasitic capacitance, and enables a more compact design compared to traditional fringing-field approaches. A comprehensive 3D multiphysics simulation of the device, performed using COMSOL Multiphysics, demonstrates its operating principle by analyzing the sensor’s response to changes in the dielectric properties of the medium due to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles. The simulation reveals a sensitivity of 42.48% at 85% MNP occupancy within the detection zone, highlighting the sensor’s ability to detect variations in MNP concentration, and thus indirectly infer biomarker levels, with high precision. This innovative integration of magnetofluidic manipulation and DF-CS offers a promising new paradigm for continuous, non-invasive health monitoring, with potential applications in point-of-care diagnostics, personalized medicine, and preventive healthcare.

Knowledge of and Attitude Toward Preventive Care Among Iraqi Dentists and Senior Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Knowledge of and Attitude Toward Preventive Care Among Iraqi Dentists and Senior Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study