Prevent Alcohol And Risk-related Trauma In Youth Research Articles

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program: An interactive injury prevention initiative in South-Western Sydney

BackgroundThe Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program is an interactive injury prevention intervention, specifically designed for “at risk” youths aged 15 to 19 years. Emerging evidence has highlighted its positive impact on altering student attitudes towards risk-taking behaviour across several Australian and international settings. This study aims to describe the risk-taking behaviours of youths in South-Western and Greater Western Sydney, and assess the effectiveness of the Liverpool P.A.R.T.Y program to alter attitudes towards risk-taking. MethodsFrom 2015 to 2020, schools and youth organisations across South-Western and Greater Western Sydney were invited to participate in the Liverpool Hospital P.A.R.T.Y program. Youths aged 15 to 19 years were selected to attend by their respective teachers based on eligibility criteria. Knowledge and attitudes towards risk-taking behaviours were measured using surveys across three time points (pre-program, immediately post-program, 3-to-6 months post-program). ResultsA total of 2544 participants from 50 schools and youth organisations attended the Liverpool Hospital P.A.R.T.Y program. There were 130 participants who did not record a response to a single question across all three time points and were omitted from analysis. Of the remaining 2414 participants, 49% were male, and 41% had access to a provisional driver's license or learner's permit. There were significant changes in knowledge and attitudes to risk-taking behaviours from pre-to immediately-post-program. A separate analysis across all three time points was conducted in response to a poor 3-to-6-month follow-up rate (25%). There was decay in improvements across all six questions, with the largest change seen in perceived likelihood of injury when engaging in physically risk-taking activities (52.2% to 36.9%, OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.33 – 0.60, p < 0.001). ConclusionThis study demonstrated significant changes in participant attitudes towards risk-taking behaviours and their consequences, immediately after participating in the Liverpool Hospital P.A.R.T.Y program. However, the poor response rates at later follow-up highlight the need for ongoing engagement of the South-Western and Greater Western Sydney youths, to ensure these improvements are sustained.

Change of risk behaviour in young people\xa0\u2013 the effectiveness of the trauma prevention programme P.A.R.T.Y. considering the effect of fear appeals and cognitive processes

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of the injury awareness and prevention programme P.A.R.T.Y. (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) in Germany. On a designated P.A R.T.Y. day, school classes spend a day in a trauma hospital experiencing the various wards through which a seriously injured person goes. A further goal of the study was to reveal indications of the programme’s mechanism of action by testing theory-based impact models of fear appeals and cognitive beliefs.MethodsIn a quasi-experimental longitudinal study with three measurement times the participants of 19 P.A.R.T.Y. days (n = 330), as well as pupils who did not attend the programme (n = 244), were interviewed with a standardised questionnaire. They reported risk behaviour, feelings of threat and cognitive beliefs about road traffic. The data were analysed using a meta-analytical approach to estimate an average effect size across the different P.A.R.T.Y. days. Path models were used to identify possible mechanisms of action.ResultsFor most of the parameters, small positive effects could be proven immediately after the P.A.R.T.Y. intervention. However, after four to 5 months only one statistically significant effect was found. Using path analytical models, important predictors for behavioural changes (e.g. self-efficacy) could be identified. But for these predictors no or only short-term effects were observed in the meta-analysis.ConclusionsFear appeals as used primarily in the P.A.R.T.Y. programme appear to cause behavioural changes only to a limited extent and only in the short-term, especially if the strengthening of psychosocial resources is not given sufficient consideration. The participants must also cognitively process the experiences in the hospital. Accordingly, consideration should be given to how the P.A.R.T.Y. program could be adapted to complement the fear appeal with cognitive components.

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) Program Questionnaire Validation Study (PQVS)

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) program is an immersive hospital-based education program designed to reduce trauma in adolescents. The efficacy of the program in reducing risk-taking attitudes and preventing traumatic injuries has been proven through various methodologies. However, there is currently no study that has investigated the efficacy of the program using a validated, multi-domain questionnaire. This study outlines the design of the P.A.R.T.Y. Program Questionnaire (PPQ) and validates it through examining its construct and criterion validity as well as its internal consistency. Its capacity to risk-stratify participants was compared against the RT-18, a robust, 18-item risk-profiling instrument. The PPQ and the RT-18 were completed by New South Wales school students (N = 458) aged 15 to 18. The PPQ was designed in consultation with relevant field experts to optimise engagement and sensitivity. Examination of the construct validity of the PPQ was performed through exploratory factor analysis which demonstrated the presence of two underlying factors which aligned with the constructed two-scenario questionnaire format. The PPQ was shown to be internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77. Individual scenarios were shown to be internally consistent as well (α = 0.69, α = 0.66). The PPQ also identified high risk and low risk participants effectively as demonstrated by comparison against the risk stratification performed with the RT-18 (p-value < 0.001). This suggests the PPQ demonstrates criterion validity. Hence, the PPQ is an effective and valid tool for assessing risk-taking attitudes in adolescent populations.

Effect of the Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) Program among senior school students.

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) Program at The Alfred uses vivid clinical reality to build resilience and prevent injury by following a trauma patient's journey through hospital. The present study aims to analyse the effect of P.A.R.T.Y. on safety perceptions of driving after alcohol, seat belt use and risk-taking activities. Pre-programme, immediately post-programme and 3-5 months post-programme surveys with questions focused on the programme aims were distributed to all consented participants. There were 2502 participants during the study period and 1315 (53%) responses were received. The mean age was 16.2 (SD 0.8) years, 724 (56%) were women and 892 (68%) possessed a learner's permit for driving. Pre-programme, 1130 (86%) participants reported 'definitely not' likely to drive after drinking alcohol, that improved to 1231 (94%) immediately post-programme and 1215 (93%) at 3-5 months post-programme (P < 0.01). Designating a safe driver after drinking was reported by 1275 (97%) pre-programme, 1295 (98%) immediately post-programme and 1286 (98.2%) 3-5 months post-programme (P = 0.02). The perception of sustaining 'definite' injury after a motor vehicle crash without a seat belt increased from 780 (60%) pre-programme to 1051 (80%) immediately post-programme and 886 (69%) 3-5 months post-programme (P < 0.01). The possibility of sustaining 'definite' injury after risk-taking activities was reported by 158 (12%) pre-programme, 467 (36%) post-programme and 306 (23%) 3-5 months post-programme (P < 0.01). The P.A.R.T.Y. Program at The Alfred engaged substantial numbers of youths and achieved significant improvements among key outcome measures. Objectives were sustained at 3-5 months post-programme, but demonstrated decay, highlighting the importance of continual reinforcement.

The influence of an injury prevention program on young road users: a German experience.

Trauma remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in youth. The Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) program is an injury prevention program. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence on risk-taking behaviors and risk awareness on young road users by a pre-post-questionnaire. A pre-post intervention study was performed using a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire contained three sections with different items (in total 22) to identify differences regarding students' risk behavior and risk awareness. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with significance defined as p < 0.05. The study sample contains 193 students (age 14-17, 44% male). We found significant differences for asking if a student "fastens his/her helmet's chinstrap when driving a motorbike" (p = 0.001) and for the question "Do you wear a helmet when you go rollerblading" (p = 0.008). After attending the program, participants would decrease the use of a mobile phone while driving (p = 0.038) and the understanding of the risk "speeding" and "cycling without a helmet" significantly increased. The P.A.R.T.Y. program focuses on items like "use of helmet and mobile phones" and "alcohol/drug abuse". Evaluating the program helps to uncover vulnerabilities and to enhance important effects. Some of these items are addressed by the program, whereas some are not. It will be important to improve the program according to address topics that have not shown significant improvements, so that students learn more about the dangers and the right behavior in road traffic.

Piloting an injury awareness and education program for reducing alcohol-related harm in Navy Trainees

ABSTRACTObjectives: Alcohol consumption and associated risk-taking behaviors, are known issues among trainees in the Australian Defence Force. We evaluated the impact and feasibility of a 1 day injury awareness program designed to reduce alcohol-related risk-taking behavior and associated harms in young naval trainees in this pilot study. Method: One hundred eight naval trainees participated in the 1 day Prevent Alcohol and Risk related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) program at a hospital in Melbourne, Australia between November 2011 and March 2013. Participants completed pre- and postprogram questionnaires, on the day of the program, that included questions on perceptions of the program and their own risk-taking behavior. Alcohol-related incidents reported on their military record were collected at 12 months postprogram. Pre- and postprogram questionnaire responses were compared using descriptive statistics. Survival analysis was used to assess the association between pre-program alcohol-related incidents and the rate of reporting of alcohol-related incidents in the 12 months after the program. Results: Fifty of the 108 (46%) participants were reported for ≥1 alcohol-related incident prior to study participation. Fifteen (14%) were reported for an alcohol-related incident within 12 months of completing the program. Participants perceived the program positively with 92% reporting that the program would definitely influence their behavior after program completion compared to 82% suggesting so before. The rate of reported alcohol-related incidents following the program was higher for participants who had a preprogram incident on record than those who did not. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PARTY participation was associated with a change in participants’ perceptions of risk-taking behavior. We found that alcohol-related incidents after attending the P.A.R.T.Y. program occurred more frequently among participants who had prior alcohol-related incidents suggesting the program may have less impact on this group. Further work is required to establish effectiveness of the P.A.R.T.Y. program in the military setting.

Measuring the effectiveness of in-hospital and on-base Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) programs on reducing alcohol related harms in naval trainees: P.A.R.T.Y. Defence study protocol

BackgroundReducing alcohol related harms in Australian Defence Force (ADF) trainees has been identified as a priority, but there are few evidence-based prevention programs available for the military setting. The study aims to test whether the P.A.R.T.Y. program delivered in-hospital or on-base, can reduce harmful alcohol consumption among ADF trainees.Methods/designThe study is a 3-arm randomized controlled trial, involving 953 Royal Australian Navy trainees from a single base. Trainees, aged 18 to 30 years, will be randomly assigned to the study arms: i. in-hospital P.A.R.T.Y.; ii. On-base P.A.R.T.Y.; and iii. Control group. All groups will receive the routine ADF annual alcohol awareness training. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants reporting an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of 8 or above at 12 months’ post-intervention. The secondary outcome is the number of alcohol related incidents reported to the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in the 12 months’ post-intervention.DiscussionThis is the first trial of the use of the P.A.R.T.Y. program in the military. If the proposed intervention proves efficacious, it may be a useful program in the early education of RAN trainees.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12614001332617, date of registration: 18/12/2014 ‘retrospectively registered’.

Innovative strategies to reduce traffic related injuries and deaths in youth

Introduction: Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among young people, aged 15-29 years (1). It is generally accepted that the high rate of adolescent injuries may be due to a variety of factors. Studies have shown young drivers are more likely to underestimate the probability of specific risks caused by traffic situations, as well as to overestimate their own driving skills making them more vulnerable to trauma. It has also been hypothesized that adolescents are more prone to motor vehicle collisions due to their risk-taking attitudes (2). There is consensus among experts in the field of road safety that the best road safety strategies and programs are based on research-driven and psycho-social theories of behavior (3). The P.A.R.T.Y. (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) Program is one of those programs. Developed in 1986, P.A.R.T.Y. is a one day, in hospital injury awareness and prevention program for youth aged 15 and older. The goal is to provide young people with information about trauma that will enable them to recognize their injury risks, make prevention-oriented choices and adopt behaviours that minimize unnecessary risks through vivid clinical reality. Attitudes towards risk taking in traffic have been correlated with aggressive driving behavior, speeding, and intention to commit traffic law violations. Thus, an effective intervention to increase road safety may be to change the attitudes that influence the driving behavior of adolescents. This is consistent with the cognitive dissonance theory, which states that changing the beliefs that underlie certain behaviors can cause a behavioral change (2). From these theories, one can expect that changing the risk taking attitudes of adolescents can lead to a decrease in the probability of collisions. A recent meta-analysis suggested interventions aimed at influencing attitudes might be the most effective measure to improve safety on the roads (2). Methods: Several research studies have been undertaken to determine effectiveness and changes in attitudinal risk behavior from youth attending the P.A.R.T.Y. A ten-year longitudinal study was conducted to determine whether students who attended P.A.R.T.Y. had a reduction in injuries compared with a matched control group of students based on age, gender and geographic area who did not attend the program. Students follow the course of injury from occurrence through transport, treatment, rehabilitation and community re-integration phases. Additionally by augmenting a didactic format through a technologically innovative approach including but not limited to vivid clinical reality, social media, interactive websites and simulators we see attitudinal and behavioural changes. Results: The 10 year longitudinal study showed P.A.R.T.Y. participants had a lower incidence of traumatic injuries than a control group of non-P.A.R.T.Y. participants of the same age, gender, residential area, and initial year in database, during the 10-year study (4). Conclusion: Research-driven, psycho-social theories of behavior and technologically innovative approaches have proven it is possible to influence behavior through the delivery of well-designed and well-executed road safety strategies, programs and campaigns. Providing students with real-life education to depict the vivid clinical reality of injuries was shown to be a compelling and effective method of education.

Let's not forget about injury.

Let's not forget about injury.

P.A.R.T.Y. An initiative for more risk awareness among young road users

Accident prevention strategies aim to inform young people about risk-taking behavior and the consequences of trauma. The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) program is an accident prevention program that focuses on the prevention of road traffic accidents among young road users. Initial results of the program were evaluated to find out if the implementation of this prevention program is feasible in Germany. During a 1-day interactive course young road users were introduced to the work carried out in an accident trauma unit and were informed about injury mechanisms and about the consequences of trauma. A systematic evaluation was made by all participants. The results were analyzed to find out whether it is possible to implement the program and the impressions gained by the participants of the program in order to be able to make further adjustments. A total of 219 young road users participated in the P.A.R.T.Y. program between 2011 and 2013. All participants reviewed the structure of the program with the help of school grades. Of the participants 59 % (n = 129) rated the program as "very good" and 41 % gave the rating of "good". Overall, 70 % of all participants advocated that all people of the same age should participate in the program. The structure was described as being well-balanced with respect to the theoretical and practical stations. The P.A.R.T.Y. program is a standardized and well-established concept that can also contribute to accident prevention in Germany. It provides the possibility to implement an accident awareness program throughout Germany. Initial results show that the program can be implemented in German hospitals and that the program appeals to the target group of young road users.

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) Program: Evaluation Results From Saskatoon, Canada

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) Program: Evaluation Results From Saskatoon, Canada

370 The PARTY Program and Distracted Driving: Beliefs and Behaviors of Teen Participants

Study Objectives: Teen drivers account for the highest proportion of distracted drivers in fatal crashes. PARTY (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) is an interactive teen program with lectures, simulations and role-playing shown to reduce traumatic injuries. Classic PARTY focuses on alcohol-and drug-impaired driving, with less emphasis on other distractions. We sought to describe participant beliefs and behaviors concerning driving risks from impaired or distracted driving.Methods: Retrospective observational study of PARTY participants at an academic trauma center from August 2010 to July 2011. Sessions were free, with voluntary participation from students in the public school system. Participants completed anonymous, unmatched surveys before, immediately after, and one month after the program with the same multiple-choice questions. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to examine possible associations between student beliefs and behaviors with age, sex, survey version, and driver's license status.Results: Five hundred youth aged 12-20 years (median: 16) participated; response rates were 23% (before) 61% (immediately after) and 25% (one month after). Data were collected unmatched and treated as such with 547 total responses; 56% were female and 37% were licensed drivers. Students appeared more aware of risks related to alcohol- or drug-impaired driving than from texting or talking on a phone while driving. Similarly, more teens reported “never” riding with impaired drivers than “never” talking or texting while driving. In this sample, the PARTY program did not appear to have significant positive effects on beliefs or behaviors.Conclusion: Before PARTY, teens were already aware of the dangers of alcohol- or drug-impaired driving, while newer distractions such as texting and talking on a cell phone while driving were generally perceived as less likely to result in injury. This study was limited by the use of self-reported, unmatched data and low response rates. However, observed opinions related to the relative risks between distracted versus intoxicated driving and prevalence of distracted driving support the need for continued efforts to reduce all forms of impaired and distracted driving among teens. Study Objectives: Teen drivers account for the highest proportion of distracted drivers in fatal crashes. PARTY (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) is an interactive teen program with lectures, simulations and role-playing shown to reduce traumatic injuries. Classic PARTY focuses on alcohol-and drug-impaired driving, with less emphasis on other distractions. We sought to describe participant beliefs and behaviors concerning driving risks from impaired or distracted driving. Methods: Retrospective observational study of PARTY participants at an academic trauma center from August 2010 to July 2011. Sessions were free, with voluntary participation from students in the public school system. Participants completed anonymous, unmatched surveys before, immediately after, and one month after the program with the same multiple-choice questions. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to examine possible associations between student beliefs and behaviors with age, sex, survey version, and driver's license status. Results: Five hundred youth aged 12-20 years (median: 16) participated; response rates were 23% (before) 61% (immediately after) and 25% (one month after). Data were collected unmatched and treated as such with 547 total responses; 56% were female and 37% were licensed drivers. Students appeared more aware of risks related to alcohol- or drug-impaired driving than from texting or talking on a phone while driving. Similarly, more teens reported “never” riding with impaired drivers than “never” talking or texting while driving. In this sample, the PARTY program did not appear to have significant positive effects on beliefs or behaviors. Conclusion: Before PARTY, teens were already aware of the dangers of alcohol- or drug-impaired driving, while newer distractions such as texting and talking on a cell phone while driving were generally perceived as less likely to result in injury. This study was limited by the use of self-reported, unmatched data and low response rates. However, observed opinions related to the relative risks between distracted versus intoxicated driving and prevalence of distracted driving support the need for continued efforts to reduce all forms of impaired and distracted driving among teens.

An injury awareness education program on outcomes of juvenile justice offenders in Western Australia: an economic analysis

BackgroundInjury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity of young people and the cost-effectiveness of many injury prevention programs remains uncertain. This study aimed to analyze the costs and benefits of an injury awareness education program, the P.A.R.T.Y. (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth) program, for juvenile justice offenders in Western Australia.MethodsCosts and benefits analysis based on effectiveness data from a linked-data cohort study on 225 juvenile justice offenders who were referred to the education program and 3434 who were not referred to the program between 2006 and 2011.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 8869 hospitalizations and 113 deaths due to violence or traffic-related injuries among those aged between 14 and 21 in Western Australia. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.6 days, a total of 320 patients (3.6%) needed an intensive care admission with an average length of stay of 6 days. The annual cost saved due to serious injury was $3,765 and the annual net cost of running this program was $33,735. The estimated cost per offence prevented, cost per serious injury avoided, and cost per undiscounted and discounted life year gained were $3,124, $42,169, $8,268 and $17,910, respectively. Increasing the frequency of the program from once per month to once per week would increase its cost-effectiveness substantially.ConclusionsThe P.A.R.T.Y. injury education program involving real-life trauma scenarios was cost-effective in reducing subsequent risk of committing violence or traffic-related offences, injuries, and death for juvenile justice offenders in Western Australia.

Effectiveness of the P.A.R.T.Y. (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) Program in Preventing Traumatic Injuries: A 10-Year Analysis

The P.A.R.T.Y. (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) program is a 1-day injury awareness and prevention program for youth aged 15 years and older. The goal is to teach adolescents to recognize their injury risks and make informed decisions to reduce them. This study assessed the effectiveness of the P.A.R.T.Y. Program in preventing traumatic injuries during a period of 10 years (1992-2004). P.A.R.T.Y. participants (STUDY) were matched with subjects having the same age, gender, residential area, and initial year in database, who did not attend the P.A.R.T.Y. Program (CONTROL). Data from hospital discharge database, and provincial health claims, were searched to determine the incidence of traumatic injuries in both groups. Statistical comparisons were made for the two groups, gender, calendar year, and before and after the graduating driver licensing system was implemented, using the χ and conditional logistic regression analysis with a p<0.05 considered significant. Of 3,905 P.A.R.T.Y. participants, 1,281 were successfully randomly matched on the above 4 variables with 1,281 controls. The most frequent injury was injury by other or homicide 373 of 2,562 (14.8%). There were fewer traumatic injuries in the STUDY group than in the CONTROL group (43.3% vs. 47.4%; p=0.02; OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03-1.45). This difference was stronger in females (44.4% vs. 49.0%; p=0.04) and before the graduating driver licensing system implementation (60.1% vs. 67.2%; p=0.04). The P.A.R.T.Y. Program effectively reduced the incidence of traumatic injuries among its participants. This effectiveness was stronger among females and before the driver licensing system was implemented.

Effectiveness of the Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program in preventing traumatic injuries: a Ten-year analysis

ObjectiveThe Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program is a 1-day injury awareness and prevention program for youth ages 15 and older, with the goal to educate adolescents...

The development of the educational theme of the trauma prevention at Japanese high school students

In Japan, the cause of death between the age of 15 and 19 due to suicide and incidents were 60.2% in 2008. Even though high school students tend to be...

Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth program

IntroductionThe Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program is a 1-day injury awareness and prevention program for youth ages 15 and older, developed in 1986 at Sunnybrook...