Prevalence Of Psychological Problems Research Articles

Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based intervention for reducing anxiety among adolescents in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka: cluster randomized controlled trial

Anxiety disorders are found to be the most prevalent psychological problems among children and adolescents. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) was found to be effective at reducing anxiety. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a universal school-based intervention for reducing anxiety among Grade 9 schoolchildren. A randomized controlled cluster trial was conducted by randomly assigning 36 schools in the Colombo district in Sri Lanka into study and control arms, each comprising 18 schools with 360 students. The levels of anxiety, self-esteem and depression status were assessed using the validated Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) tool and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, respectively, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) at baseline, after intervention, and after 3 months. A CBT-based universal intervention package was administered weekly by a trained teacher for eight weeks with a one-month self-practice period to a randomly selected Grade 9 class in each school in the study arm. The control arm received routine care. Anxiety and self-esteem scores and depression status were compared between the two arms after the intervention and at 3 months of follow-up using the generalized estimation equation (GEE), controlling for confounding and clustering. The nonresponse and loss to follow-up rates were < 1%. When comparing the study arm with the control arm using GEE, anxiety levels were significantly lower [β = (-0.096), 95% CI = (-0.005) − (-0.186), p = 0.038] at follow-up but not postintervention [β = (-0.024), 95% CI = 0.006 − (-0.055), p = 0.115]. There were no significant differences in depression status after intervention (OR = 0.257, 95% CI =0.052–1.286; p = 0.098) or follow-up (OR = 0.422, 95% CI 0.177–1.008; p = 0.052), and self-esteem significantly increased after intervention (β = 0.811, 95% CI = 0.314–1.309; p = 0.001) but not at follow-up [β=0.435, 95% CI=(-0.276)-1.145, p=0.231]. This study revealed that the universal package based on CBT is effective at reducing anxiety and improving self-esteem among adolescents. The trial registration number and date were SLCTR/2018/018 and 19th of June 2018 respectively.

Self Identifying Mental Health Status and Get Guidance For Support Using AI

In recent years, an awareness has emerged about the importance of the individual in mental health and treatment. Mental health problems are common among college students around the world; Therefore, identifying at-risk groups will help provide services. Self-diagnosis of mental illness is an important step in recognizing and addressing personal health. Our goal is to develop a screening tool to identify students at risk for mental illness. Students are taught to use assessment tools to distinguish between those at reduced and increased risk of mental illness. Psychological services should be provided to students at risk. Despite the prevalence of psychological problems, problems such as fear of decision-making and lack of information often make it difficult for people to define themselves. The person may deny or ignore symptoms, which may delay the person's intervention and make the situation worse. Empowering people with mental health knowledge and resources can enable them to take part in their own health. As well as personal benefits, self-expression can promote understanding and acceptance and contribute to a culture of empathy and support. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology holds both great promise and potential pitfalls in transforming mental health. This article discusses the current limitations of artificial intelligence, areas where further research is needed, and how it can improve healthcare by considering the ethical fairness of intellectual technology. As AI technology continues to evolve and improve, it may be able to help psychiatrists reclassify mental disorders beyond what is currently specified in the DSM-5, identifying these problems in their early or prodromal stages so that interventions can be implemented. . Quality and personalized treatment based on individual characteristics. However, caution must be exercised to avoid overinterpretation of preliminary results, and more studies must be conducted to close the gap in scientific expertise on mental health and treatment.

Parental psychological control and children’s self-esteem: A longitudinal investigation in children with and without oppositional defiant problems

Oppositional defiant problems are among the most prevalent psychological problems among children and adolescents from China and across the world. Still little is understood about how self-esteem, in conjunction with parenting experiences, develops in children with oppositional defiant problems. We addressed this gap of knowledge in a two-year longitudinal study. Specifically, we explored how parental psychological control predicts children’s self-esteem levels over time, and in turn, how children’s self-esteem levels predict parental psychological control. We collected data in Chinese children (ages 8 to 13 at T1) with (N = 224) and without (N = 217) oppositional defiant problems, and tested three-wave cross-lagged panel models. Multigroup analyses showed that the associations between parental psychological control and children’s self-esteem were the same for children with and without oppositional defiant problems. Results for the total sample revealed bi-directional associations between maternal psychological control and children’s self-esteem. Children who perceived more psychological control from their mothers were likely to exhibit lower self-esteem over time, and vice versa, children with lower self-esteem were likely to perceive more maternal psychological control over time. Conversely, a unidirectional paternal effect was observed in father-child dyads. Our findings help understand the parent–child dynamics that shape the psychological development of children with oppositional defiant problems.

Dentists Role in Psychological Screening and Management of Head-and-neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy - Narrative Review.

Head-and-neck cancer management primarily involves surgery and chemoradiotherapy. Recurrent radiotherapy (RT) sessions are often linked to social, physical, and psychological burdens. Oral physicians are part of the palliative care team and play a pivotal role in decimating the physical side effects associated with disease and its treatment. There is a need to familiarise dentists with the psychological aspect of the treatment. Various libraries were searched from the year 2012 to 2022. A total of nine studies that had head-and-neck RT patients exclusively were included in the study. Anxiety and depression are patients' most prevalent psychological problems during and after the RT regimen. A few most used psychological screening tools were identified. Dental professionals are uneducated about the holistic approach to managing RT patients. The current narrative review details the various psychological screening tools and care measures that can be incorporated into the dental setup to help these patients.

Association of stress, depression and anxiety with periodontal health indicators: A clinical study in adult population of Rishikesh

: Chronic periodontitis is a condition that causes inflammation in the tissues that support teeth, gradual attachment loss, and bone loss. Stress is the body's feedback towards detrimental forces, diseases, and additional atypical circumstances that are determined to distress its routine physiological equilibrium. On the other hand, the most prevalent psychological problems connected to periodontitis are anxiety and sadness.: This study intends to assess the relationship between stress, depression, and anxiety with indices of periodontal health.: A total of 171 patients were assessed &amp; divided into 2 groups. Gingival index, modified sulcus bleeding index, community periodontal index for treatment needs, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were evaluated. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21 questionnaire used as the basis for the psychometric evaluation.: The statistical analysis made use of the student 't' test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. When compared between the two groups, Group A had significantly higher values for each metric. The psychometric parameters and the periodontal parameters had a weakly positive connection (p&amp;#60;0.0001).: According to the current study, people who are stressed, depressed, or anxious are more likely to develop periodontal disease. Therefore, stress, depression &amp; anxiety could be viewed as a significant periodontal disease risk factor.

Mental health status of healthcare providers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study across India.

Background From the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, studies have observed an increased prevalence of psychological symptoms in the general population and healthcare providers. We studied the prevalence of psychological symptoms among the latter. Methods We did this study using a self-administered questionnaire among healthcare providers across India who were involved in caring/treating patients. The questionnaire collected information on demographics, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and semi-structured questions related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Results A total of 612 healthcare providers participated in the study; 254 were doctors of various specialties and 358 were nursing care-providers. According to the DASS-21 assessment, the prevalence of depression was 12.4%, anxiety was 19.1% and stress was 10.8%. The prevalence of psychological problems was more among nursing staff compared to doctors (depression risk ratio [RR] 2.4, anxiety RR 1.73 and stress RR 2.93) and they were equal among both genders (depression RR 1.05, anxiety RR 1.06 and stress RR 1.21). Conclusions Our study shows that there is a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare providers, particularly among nursing care-providers. We suggest psychological interventions to nursing care-providers and also those who are vulnerable among doctors, to improve their mental health status.

Psychological health, wellbeing and COVID-19: Comparing previously infected and non-infected South African employees.

Most COVID-19 and work-related well-being research is centred around the adverse effects on employees' psychological well-being and is not focused on the work-related well-being of those infected by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, COVID-19 and work-related well-being research is generally aimed at healthcare workers. The current study focused on investigating the difference in the level of burnout, anxiety, depression and stress between previously infected and uninfected participants. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and non-probability quota sampling to collect data. A retrospective pre-post design was used to determine the difference between the level of burnout of the participants before and after infection. Working adults in South Africa were targeted and divided into those previously infected (n = 245) and those not yet infected with COVID-19 (n = 221). Participants completed questionnaires relating to burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress. A comparison of means revealed a significant increase in burnout after being infected. Infected participants had significantly higher burnout, anxiety, depression, and stress levels than their non-infected counterparts. Emotional exhaustion, withdrawal, and stress were the most prevalent psychological ill-health problems. The results of this study indicated that a SARS-CoV-2 infection has a detrimental impact on participants' psychological well-being and mental health compared to their own initially reported levels of burnout before infection, as well as compared to the levels of burnout, depression, anxiety and depression of the non-infected participants. Based on the findings, specific recommendations to industrial psychologists were made to manage the psychological impact of COVID-19 on employees.

COVID-19 and Its Association with Psychological Health of Children, Adolescents and Young Adults

The COVID-19 pandemic has been causing a severe threat to multiple sectors, including people's psychosocial health. The main objective of this review is to identify the association of COVID-19 pandemic with the psychological health of children, adolescents and young adults. Total 18 primary studies, including most of the studies being cross sectional descriptive studies, were included in the review. The review found that the prevalence of anxiety levels among children ranges from 23.87 % to 38%. Similarly, in adolescents, it ranged from 29.27% to 31% and depression level ranges from 22.28% to 44.5 %. The prevalence of depression in young adults was found to be nearly 82 % while the prevalence of anxiety was found to be nearly 88 %.Most of the studies identified COVID-19 as major factor contributing to anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in children, adolescents and young adults. In the review, almost half of the papers described the factors associated with mental health status due to COVID-19 pandemic. The major factors to increase anxiety and depression were found to be restriction on movement, social distancing, closures of schools, little interaction with peers, educational status, smartphone and internet addiction, frequent watching, listening, or reading news related with COVID-19. Thus, efforts must be initiated to improve services within the country to overcome the increasing mental health problems in these groups. The findings of this review would be relevant for all health professionals, medical persons, and educational institutions to sensitize them about the prevalence of psychological problems among children, adolescents and young adults in terms of overcoming and addressing this pressing issue.

Morbidity Patterns and Health Needs of the Geriatric patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: The aged population of the world is increasing. Old age is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This puts burden on health services, both financially and in terms of workload. Aim: To determine the morbidity patterns and health needs of this age group. Methods: A descriptive cross¬-sectional study was conducted among the geriatric patients presenting in the outdoor department of services hospital Lahore. The sample size was 220, calculated using the WHO statistical software S size. Nonprobability convenient sampling technique was used. The confidence interval was 95% and relative margin of error was 10%. Chi-square test was used to check the statistical significance. Results: Out of 220 study subjects, 13 had only 1 morbid condition and 137 were suffering from more than 3 morbidities. Hypertension was the most prevalent morbidity (65.9%), followed by eye cataract (61.18%). Other morbid conditions in descending order were diabetes mellitus (47.27%), osteoarthritis (43.63%), coronary heart disease (38.18%), obesity (35.45%), respiratory diseases (30.90%), hearing impairment (25%). Significant association of morbidities with body mass index was observed. Almost 37.7% of respondents reported feeling of loneliness. Most of the geriatric patients were involved in religious activities (88.2%). Spectacles (55%) were the most frequently used supporting aids followed by walking sticks (26.4%). Conclusion: A high proportion of geriatric patients have more than 3 morbidities with hypertension being the most common. Body mass index and smoking were significant risk factors. Geriatrics showed prevalent psychological problems. Keywords: Geriatrics, Morbidity, Pattern, Health needs.

Psychological Status and Job Burnout of Nurses Working in the Frontline of the Novel Coronavirus in China During the Delta Variant Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

PurposeInvestigating psychological status and job burnout of nurses working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus in Zhangjiajie city in China during the Delta variant outbreak, comparing differences and analyzing factors of these two variables between the nurses from different nucleic acid testing (NAT) sites.Patients and methodsThis survey was conducted from August 1 to 31, 2021. The participants were 512 nurses, 198 nurses of whom were from temporary NAT sites in communities/towns in Zhangjiajie city, and the rest were from NAT sites inside hospitals. The psychological status and the job burnout were measured by the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS).ResultsThe prevalence of the SCL-90 positive result and job burnout were 49.4% and 61.1%, respectively. The factors influencing the psychological status of nurses included the contact with COVID-19 patients or their body fluids and specimens, working seniority and the duration of working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus. The independent risk factors of nurses’ job burnout included the following four factors. Firstly, the contact with COVID-19 patients or their body fluids and specimens (OR=150.95, 95% CI=(44.87,507.77), P<0.001). Secondly, five to nine years of working seniority (OR=8.91, 95% CI=(3.59,22.14), P<0.001). Thirdly, 10 to 19 days (OR=2.63, 95% CI=(1.19,5.82), P=0.017), 20 to 29 days (OR=161.31, 95% CI=(49.48,525.9), P<0.001). Lastly, more than 30 days (OR=92.05, 95% CI=(33.88,250.14), P<0.001) of working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus.ConclusionThe prevalence of psychological problems and job burnout were at a high level among nurses working in the frontline of the novel coronavirus in different NAT sites. The nurses from NAT sites inside hospitals and temporary NAT sites in communities/towns in Zhangjiajie city had an equal risk of developing psychological problems and job burnout. Interventions need to be immediately implemented to promote psychological well-being and decrease job burnout of nurses.

Anxiety and depression in post-Menopausal women: A short review

Anxiety, Depression and stress are one of the most prevalent psychological problems witnessed in post-menopausal women. These complaints are mostly neglected by the females and ignored due to social stigmas and lack of awareness amongst the elderly population regarding the same. It often affects the quality of life and is thus essential to diagnose and treat on time. Reduced Vitamin D and estrogen levels are one of the proposed culprits behind these psychological disorders in post-menopausal women which will be discussed in this review.Systematic literature review was done with the help of data search domains such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of science and google scholar. Case reports, observational studies and cross-sectional studies were included in this review.Depression and anxiety are common problems for the post-menopausal women. Various factors such as reduced Vitamin D levels and Estrogen levels as well as increased stress can contribute to development of these psychological complaints. Though these problems might look benign to the patients, they can severely impact the mental health and require more awareness amongst the patients to improve the mental as well as physical health in post-menopausal women.Women in the post-menopausal stage have increased predisposition towards developing psychological disorders and hence the assessment of mental health is essential in these females which should be a vital part of the evaluation done of these females.

Problematic Internet Use and Psychological Problems among University Students with Disabilities.

Problematic internet use (PIU) among people with disabilities has received very little attention in scientific literature. The objective of this work is to study PIU among Spanish university students with disabilities, and determine whether it is related to the presence of psychological problems and discomfort. A total of 432 Spanish university students with disabilities from six universities participated in the study (35% motor disability, 22.7% sensory disability and 42.1% other disabilities, excluding psychical or intellectual disability). PIU in the sample was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), while psychological problems were assessed using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). PIU prevalence was 6.3%, and significant differences were found by age (<22 had a PIU prevalence five times higher), onset of disability (prevalence was 3.7 times higher in those with congenital disability) and main type of internet use (recreational). There were no differences by sex, level of education or type of disability. In all the dimensions measured by CORE-OM (psychological problems, subjective well-being, life functioning and risk of self-harm and harm to others), the prevalence of psychological problems was significantly higher among problematic internet users. In conclusion, university students who are disabled from birth (regardless of their type of disability and sex), under the age of 22, and use the internet mainly for social networking and recreational purposes are at greater risk of psychological distress and are more vulnerable to problems like anxiety and difficulties with social relationships.

P645 Mental health, work presenteeism and exercise in IBD patients

Abstract Background IBD has been shown to increase the rates of anxiety and depression amongst diagnosed individuals, with a prevalence rate of approximately 15- 20%. Chronic diseases such as IBD can have a significant impact on productivity at work (presenteeism). This can lead to emotional distress, poor quality of life and cost effects on employers. The primary aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of psychological problems, exercise levels and presenteeism at work among IBD patients. Methods This was a multicentre international study whereby IBD patients (&amp;gt;18 years) in clinical remission over the last year, were asked to answer an anonymous questionnaire. Demographic data, type of IBD, current and previous medication, admissions to hospital, history of psychiatric referrals, Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6), Godin Score (exercise related score) were collected. Exclusion criteria included patients with IBD flares requiring corticosteroids in the previous 12 months. Results 573 patients (CD: n=318) from 8 European Centres and Israel participated in the study. The mean patient age was 39.9 years (SD+/- 13.0). 21.6% were smokers and 48.5% were non-smokers. The rest were ex-smokers. 10.9% of patients had a diagnosis of depression/anxiety prior to the diagnosis of IBD, whereas this increased to 20.6% post-IBD diagnosis, this being significantly commoner in the CD cohort (23.0%, p&amp;lt;0.05) and in females (55.8%, p&amp;lt;0.05). 37.7% of patients had been to a psychiatrist or a psychologist (41% of CD, p&amp;lt;0.05) with 11.7% of patients being on psychiatric medication (14.5% of CD, p&amp;lt;0.05). Low presenteeism at work was evident in 34.7%, with no statistically significant difference between UC and CD patients (p=0.5). 39.9% had a Godin Exercise Score being in the active range, 38.8% had a sedentary/insufficient exercise score. The rest were moderately active. Patients diagnosed with depression/anxiety had a more sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion In our study 37.7% of patients were referred for psychological help. This can have several effects including poor presenteeism at work (34.7%) and reduced efficiency. These issues are commoner in patients with CD than in UC. Active involvement of a psychologist/ psychiatrist as part of the IBD team should be routine as to improve the patient’s quality of life.

Psychological Problems of the Nursing Staff in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Background: Given the fact that nurses are at the frontier of taking care of COVID-19 patients, they are directly or indirectly faced with many psychological problems. Objectives: The present research used a systematic review approach to explore the psychological problems of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Cochran Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases until May 21, 2020. These databases were searched using some keywords and the papers with a focus on the psychological problems of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected. Results: Primarily, the academic papers were searched using their titles, abstracts, and full texts. In total, 10 articles were selected for the final analysis; nine of them were cross-sectional in type and one of them was qualitative and phenomenological. Moreover, seven studies were carried out in the Chinese context and were followed by other similar studies performed in Italy, Pakistan, India, and Singapore. Based on the findings, the most prevalent psychological problems were panic, anxiety, stress, sleep disorders, discomfort, depression, lack of self-control, overstimulation, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: During the epidemic and pandemic of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, a wide range of psychological problems arise among the healthcare staff, especially nurses. As nurses are at the frontier of taking care of and treating COVID-19 patients, they need to be fully supported. Healthcare policymakers should devise educational and psychological supporting protocols to improve the mental health of nurses.

The Most Psychological Impacts of Coronavirus Epidemics: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a considerable psychological stressor that has a significant impact on every facet of people’s life. Since 2002 that the first Coronavirus epidemic has emerged, many pieces of researches have indicated several psychological problems during this period. In circumstances such as COVID-19, researchers could deploy previous resources to identify the most prevalent psychological effects of Coronavirus diseases. We aim to systematically review and quantitatively assess the psychological problems during Coronavirus epidemics to identify the most prevalent psychological problems. Method: A systematic review of the literature will be conducted on psychological problems during previous and the new Coronavirus epidemics. Electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO/ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar will be systematically searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant articles published from January 1, 2002 to June 20, 2020. Two authors independently identify papers that reported the prevalence rates of the psychological problems during Coronavirus outbreaks. The outcomes will include the most prevalent psychological problems during Coronavirus outbreaks. To ensure we have gathered all the evidence, we will conduct another search on the specific psychological problems revealed in the previous search. Study selection will follow the Cochrane library guideline. Afterward, data synthesis will be performed via the meta-analysis of the prevalence rates using the random effect model. Conclusion: The findings can allow identifying the most prevalent psychological problems since the first Coronavirus epidemic in 2002. This can help health policymakers and clinicians to be informed of the priorities of the psychological problems related to COVID-19.

Prevalence of Psychological Problems Among Adolescent Students of Selected Private School at Itahari Sub-Metropolis of Eastern Nepal

Background: Adolescence is the second decade of life, the crucial period demanding significant adjustment in physical, psychological and social dimensions. The main aim of this study was to access the psychological problems of adolescents in Itahari sub-metropolis.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study design and consecutive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study was conducted in selected schools of Itahari Metropolitan city. From the selected schools, students of class 7 to 12 with the age range of 11-19 years were included in the study. Sample size was calculated considering the prevalence of Psychosocial Problem of similar setting. The instrument for data collection was self-administered pediatric checklist for youth, an internationally valid tool, which was divided in three parts. Part I related to socio-demographic information, part II consisted of questions regarding family and school related factors and part III was the standard tool to measure psychosocial problem.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of psychological morbidity on the basis of total difficulties score was found to be 23.9% (11) in male whereas 31.5% (17) was abnormal in female. Among males, 76.1% (35) was found to have normal scores as compared to 68.5% (37) in females although the difference was found to have no statistical significance.&#x0D; Conclusions: The adolescent age groups have to face various psychological problems and are likely to be very common. School mental health and social services have the potential to affect the prevalence of these and other psychological disorders by assisting in the assessment, referrals and management of the affected students.

Exploring the assessment of Adjustment Disorders: Differences between a general and a clinical sample.

Adjustment Disorders (AjD) are one of the most prevalent psychological problems in primary and hospital care. It is necessary to have evidence-based instruments to help professionals diagnose and better understand this problem, which has been little studied. This study presents an adaptation of the Inventory of Complicated Grief for the assessment of AjD symptoms, referred to as the Inventory of Stress and Loss (ISL), and explores the differences in the response to stressful situations between general and clinical Spanish populations. The general sample included 208 participants, and the clinical sample 91 patients with AjD. Results showed that the ISL has high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis showed one single factor, as in the original questionnaire. With respect to concurrent validity, the ISL correlated positively with the STAI-T. Finally, significant differences were found in the total score on the questionnaire between the clinical and general samples, and between men and women in the general sample. Results suggest that the ISL is a simple, useful assessment tool that exhibits good psychometric properties and makes it possible to differentiate normal reactions to a stressful situation from pathological reactions.

Indonesian Older Adults’ Mental Health: An Overview

There have been numerous investigations regarding the prevalence of common psychological problems among the older adults, but the majority of them are conducted in a Western setting. This study attempts to provide some data on the mental health of Indonesian older adults, specifically: stress, chronic pain acceptance, depression, and insomnia. The result shows that prevalence of psychological problems is high and comparable to result from the Western studies. Unfortunately, even though the rate of psychological problems cases is similar to the West, access to psychological services is still very far from Western standard. Keywords: Indonesian older adults; stress; chronic pain acceptance; depression; insomnia

A Study of Psychological Problem in Yazidi Children and Adolescents

Background: The so-called “Islamic State” slaughtered theYazidis in 2014 on Sinjar, when it was marked by utmost violence including genocidal acts against the Yazidis population. This study aims to investigate the resulting psychological problems in Yazidis children and adolescents. Methods: The present study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 - 2017. The population comprised of displaced Yazidi children (8 - 15 years old) in Khanak Camp of Dohuk. The sample included 100 children, from which 51participants were omitted due to their reluctance or to incomplete checklists. Finally, 49 subjects (30 females and 19 males) participated in the study. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and youth pediatric syndromes checklist-17. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS-22. Results: The results indicated that 65.3% of participants scored above the cut-off (15). Then, more than half of participants suffered from psychological problems. Since the PSY checklist is composed of three subscales, each subscale was also an analysis. Females scored higher than males in total scores, as well as in all subscales. Boys only scored higher in externalizing. The mean score also increased with age in all subscales. The result of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that, on the internalization scale which deals with the probability of anxiety and depression, the females were more vulnerable. Also, probability of psychological problems in ages 8–10 was less than for other participants. Conclusions: In line with previous studies, this study showed that psychological problems are common in displaced Yazidi children. In addition, with the prevalence of psychological problems there was a relationship between gender and age.

Prevalent Tendencies for Mental Disorders in Pakistan

Psychological problems and mental disorders are visibly prevalent all around the globe. The current survey intended to the latest situation of the prevailing variety of mental disorders in the ry by involving 3,500 participants from 5 major cities. The sample of the study was sufficiently rich to represent Pakistanis based on gender, age, education, profession, and income. Data was gathered through interviews and a self-reported questionnaire. The study revealed that 27% of Pakistanis possess tendencies for different mental disorders. Depression and sleep-related problems are the most prevalent psychological problems in the ry. Females, unmarried, people below 40 years of age, people with primary level of education, and people belonging to the upper-middle class possess significantly higher tendencies towards mental disorders as compared with their erparts. The findings will be helpful for researchers, mental health practitioners, and other stakeholders in assessing the state of mental health in the ry.