Prevalence Rate Of Diabetic Retinopathy Research Articles

Epidemiological investigation and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in Yunnan Province

To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Yunnan Province, explore its risk factors, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a large cross-sectional study, in all, 1 524 DM patients in 16 communities and villages of Yunnan Province who were registered in health service centers were included in this study from August to November 2019. All patients completed a uniform questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements, and auxiliary examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of DR. The prevalence rates of DR, mild non-proliferative DR (mild-NPDR), and referable DR (RDR) were 16.0% (244/1 524), 4.5% (69/1 524), and 11.5% (175/1 524), respectively. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)≥7.0% was the risk factor of mild-NPDR (OR=1.872, 95%CI 1.055-3.323) and RDR (OR=4.821, 95%CI 2.917-7.969). Blood pressure≥130/80 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was the risk factor of mild-NPDR (OR=1.933, 95%CI 1.112-3.358) and RDR (OR=1.505, 95%CI 1.063-2.130). In Yunnan Province, 16.0% DM patients had accompanying DR, wherein about 71.7% of them required an ophthalmology referral, and the high incidence of RDR in DM patients was associated with poor control of blood glucose and blood pressure.

Prevalence Rates of Diabetic Retinopathy and Undiagnosed Diabetes Among Delaware Nursing Home and Assisted Living Facility Residents.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and undiagnosed diabetes among Delaware nursing home and assisted care facility residents. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved the statistical analysis of comprehensive eye examination records of 2,063 nursing home residents residing in 18 facilities and 4 assisted living facilities in Delaware from 2005 to 2009. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to identify the rates of retinal dot and blot hemorrhages and existing systemic diabetes diagnoses. Results: The mean age of nursing home and assisted care facility residents was 77 years (range 9-104), and 64.4% were over the age of 80. Most residents were female (61.1%) and white (72.5%). 3.6% of the 2,063 nursing home residents had blot or dot hemorrhages in one or both eyes. 32.8% had a type 1 or type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Of the ones with a positive dot and blot hemorrhage finding, 56.8% had a diagnosis of diabetes, and 43.2% did not. Discussion: There was a high prevalence of dot and blot hemorrhages without a systemic diagnosis of diabetes, indicating a need for regular eye care among residents.

496-P: Diabetic Retinopathy in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes—Data from Three Academic Health Centers

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a major cause of vision loss worldwide. The TODAY study reported a DR prevalence of 51% among patients with youth onset T2D (average T2D duration 13.3 years, mean age of 26.4 years). Prevalence rates of DR in youth-onset T2D with shorter duration and younger age is unclear. In a multicenter analysis, eye exams or retinal images from patients with youth-onset T2D at Cincinnati Children’s, Johns Hopkins, and University of Wisconsin were assessed for presence of DR using t-tests and fisher’s exact test. The study included 228 youth (mean age 16.5±3.5years, mean T2D duration 3.0±2.6 years). Seven participants (3%) were positive for DR. Compared to youth negative for DR (n=221), those with DR (n=7) had a longer duration of diabetes (5.3±3.1 v. 2.9±2.6years, p=0.015) and higher hemoglobin A1c at the time of the diabetic eye exam (10.0±2.1 v. 7.5±2.6%, p=0.012). There were no differences in age, race/ethnicity, sex, or types of medication prescribed between those with and without DR. Of those with DED, when compared to all other ethnicities, NH Black youth had a higher rate of positive diabetic eye exams (p=0.04). Our study found a lower prevalence of DR in youth with T2D at younger age and shorter duration of diabetes. Further work is needed to determine the inflection point when the incidence of DR increases. Disclosure R.Channa: None. R.M.Wolf: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Inc. A.S.Shah: None. V.S.Shah: None. M.Bahrainian: None. E.A.Brown: None. T.Liu: None. B.Magella: None. H.Lehmann: None. M.D.Abràmoff: Board Member; Digital Diagnostics, Consultant; AbbVie Inc., NovaGo Therapeutics AG, Other Relationship; Digital Diagnostics, Stock/Shareholder; Digital Diagnostics. Funding National Eye Institute (R01EY033233, 5K23EY030911-03)

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in Basrah, Iraq

This study aimed to measure the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with diabetes mellitus aged 20 to 82 years attending the Faiha Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) in Basrah. A cross-sectional study was conducted at FDEMC, including 1542 participants aged 20 to 82 from January 2019 to December 2019. Both eyes were examined for evidence of DR by a mobile nonmydriatic camera, and statistical analysis was performed to measure the prevalence rates (95% CI) for patients with different characteristics. The mean age of participants was 35.9, with 689 males (44.7%; 95% CI: 42.2-47.2%) and 853 females (55.3%; 95% CI: 52.8-57.8%). The prevalence rate of DR was 30.5% (95% CI: 28.1-32.8%), and 11.27% of cases were proliferative retinopathy. DR significantly increased with age (p-value=0.000), it was higher in females (p-value=0.005), and significantly increased with a longer duration of diabetes (p-value<0.001), hyperglycemia (p-value<0.001), hypertension (p-value=0.004), dyslipidemia (p-value<0.001), nephropathy (p-value<0.001) and smoking (p-value<0.001). There was no statistical association between DR and the type of diabetes or obesity. One-third of the participants in this study had DR. Screening and early detection of DR using a simple tool such as a digital camera should be a priority to improve a person's health status.

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type Two Diabetic Patients in Arab Countries

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetes causes many complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR) which affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have diabetes for more than 10 years or more. Objectives To estimate the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients in some Arab countries and to compare the difference in the prevalence rate according to different patient’s characteristics. Patients and Methods In recent years, several studies have indicated occurrence of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in the retina of diabetic patient. We reviewed the full articles of the extracted 17 different studies across 10 Arab countries that were captured through our search strategy. Through 25 years (1991– 2016), most of the studies re-ported were carried, we captured 17 studies through our systematic search. Results The prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 females is 19.848%. The prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 males is 18.559%. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in those with up - 5 years duration of the disease is 7.597%. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in those with 5-10 years duration of the disease is 24.418%. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in those with &amp;gt;10 years duration of the disease is 52.913%. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in those aged &amp;lt;45 years is 9.505%. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in those aged 45-55 years is 20.346 %. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in those aged &amp;gt;55 years is 25.297%. Conclusion We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of DR among Arab patients with T2D in 10 different Arab countries. Although our search strategy was broad, we were only able to find few reports compared to the scale of the problem in the Arab countries; our meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence is high (22.543 %) with significant variations among different Arab countries, even within the same country.

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai.

To investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in residents of Shanghai and analyze the risk factors of DR. This study involved 7233 patients with diabetes in 2016. The demographic data of the participants were collected using a questionnaire survey. Physical examination, laboratory tests, and ophthalmological examinations were conducted. Two professional ophthalmologists diagnosed and graded DR by fundus examination and then combined the results with fundus images. The unconditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors. In total, 6978 patients with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai with a mean age of 68.33±8.40y were recruited, including 2975 males (42.6%) and 4003 females (57.4%). Overall, 1184 patients were diagnosed with DR, with a prevalence rate of 16.97%. Regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes (OR 1.061, 95%CI 1.049-1.073), high systolic blood pressure (SBP; OR 1.071, 95%CI 1.037-1.106), increased glycosylated hemoglobin level (OR 1.234, 95%CI 1.162-1.311), high blood glucose level (OR 1.061, 95%CI 1.023-1.099), increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; OR 1.132, 95%CI 1.053-1.217) and mean platelet volume (MPV; OR 1.077, 95%CI 1.016-1.142) were risk factors of DR. Conversely, hematocrit (HCT; OR 0.971, 95%CI 0.954-0.988) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV; OR 0.980, 95%CI 0.965-0.994) were protective factors. The prevalence rate of DR in Shanghai is 16.97%. The duration of diabetes, high SBP, increased glycosylated hemoglobin, NLR, and MPV were determined as risk factors of DR.

Prevalence Trend of Diabetic Retinopathy in India

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy plays a vital role in the impact of long-term Diabetic patients in global humankind. The health of diabetic people determined by many factors, specifically the number of years of diabetic suffering. There is a positive relationship between the risk of diabetic retinopathy and the number of years of diabetic sufferings, which was identified by many researchers globally. In addition, patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus are suffering from diabetic retinopathy. However, there are few comprehensive reviews and studies focusing on its prevalence and the factors of prevalence. It is worthwhile to pay attention to diabetic retinopathy in Global, India and its region, given that the trend and structure of diabetic retinopathy from reviews. Method: Prevalence provides a cross-sectional snapshot of morbidity at that point or period. The study is a concurrent review of diabetic retinopathy in India and its region. It presents the findings from some national or regional camp data, interviews with key informants, reviews of relevant published papers and policy contents. Results and Conclusion: Approximately one in five people living with diabetes in India has some degree of DR (13 million in India) and one in ten (6.5 million) has the vision-threatening form of DR. Tamil Nadu is the topmost in the prevalence rate of Diabetic Retinopathy among the states of India with above 10.5 percentage based on the report of Amaltas 2019. Hence, a mass survey for diabetic retinopathy screening needed to be conducted in all districts to know the exact status and plan in the National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment (NPCB &amp; VI).

Serum progesterone and retinopathy in male patients with type2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Aims/IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum progesterone (P) and retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate whether P is associated with its progression.Materials and methodsA total of 1,376 male participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University (Qingdao, China). Through logistic regression analysis after adjusting the potential confounding variation, the odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval related to the quartiles of progesterone were obtained.ResultsAccording to the quartiles of P levels, the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the last quartile is obviously greater to other quartiles (52.5–34.9%, 31.9%, 37.5%, P < 0.001). Compared with those in the first quartile, the prevalence of DR for the last quartile had an OR of 1.85 in the non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy group, while the OR was 8.35 in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (P < 0.001, unadjusted model). When adjusted for age, body mass index, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure and other variables, the ORs for DR in the fourth quartile were 2.13 (95% confidence interval 1.49–3.06) in the non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy group and 8.44 (95% confidence interval 2.69–26.43) in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (P < 0.001). The positive association between P and DR risk was independent in adjusted logistic regression.ConclusionsHigh levels of serum progesterone are significantly associated with DR in male hospitalized patients. This could mean that a higher P level in men is a potential clinical factor to identify DR, and the causality remains to be further explored.

Long-Term Tea Consumption Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Elderly Chinese from Rural Communities.

Aim To investigate the association between variables related to tea consumption (duration, frequency, and type) and the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A rural community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Weitang Town, Suzhou, China. People aged 60 years or above were invited to complete the survey. All eligible patients underwent detailed eye examination. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was diagnosed and graded based on the retinal fundus imaging. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose concentrations of ≥7.0 mmol/L or self-reported diagnosis of diabetes. Information about tea consumption such as duration, type, and frequency, together with demographics and lifestyle characteristics, were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire interview. The association between tea consumption and the risk of DR was determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Among the 5,281 participants, 614 had diabetes mellitus (prevalence of 11.63%). The prevalence rate of DR was 10.38% in the diabetic population and 1.04% in the general population. Compared with non-tea consumers, the crude OR values for DR in subjects with long-term and short-term tea consumption were 0.34 (95%CI = 0.14‐0.82, p = 0.016) and 1.64 (95%CI = 0.74‐3.64, p = 0.221), respectively. When adjusted for age, gender, and other confounders, consumption of tea for ≥20 years was associated with reduced odds of DR (OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.09‐0.97, p = 0.044). Thus, long-term tea consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of DR. There was no statistical significance between frequency or type of tea consumption with DR (p > 0.05). Conclusion Elderly diabetic Chinese residents who consumed tea for more than twenty years had a lower risk of DR compared to non-tea consumers. The long-term tea consumption may be an independent protective factor for DR. However, further studies are warranted to examine the association.

Rationale, Design, Methodology and Baseline Data of Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT)

ABSTRACTPurpose: To describe the rationale, design, methodology and baseline characteristics of Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), a community-based prospective cohort study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in northeast China.Methods: Patients with T2DM, aged 30 years and above from communities of Fushun city, Liaoning province, China, were recruited. The presence and severity of the diabetic retinopathy (DR) were determined by a modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy scale of 6 fields fundus photographs. Detailed ocular examinations and questionnaires were collated, in addition to blood and urine sample collection.Results: Of the 2224 subjects eligible for the FS-DIRECT, 2033 (91.4%) participated in the study. The majority of participants were female (58.9%), the average age was 62.1 ± 9.1 years. The overall prevalence rates of DR, non-proliferative DR, proliferative DR, diabetic macular edema, and vision-threatening retinopathy were 44.3%, 40.0%, 4.3%, 15.2%, and 12.3%, respectively. Compared to the patients without DR, patients with DR had lower income, an earlier onset of diabetes, a longer duration of diabetes, higher proportion of insulin use, higher fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein, as well as a higher level of urine protein (all P < .05).Conclusion: The baseline data of FS-DIRECT showed a high prevalence of DR in a community of northeast China. Further investigation will provide key information about the risk factors, impact, and trends of DR in this region.

Higher pulse pressure, systolic arterial hypertension, duration of diabetes and family history of diabetes in Central Africans

Objective: to assess the prevalence and the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in urban diabetics from Kinshasa, DRC. Methods: this is a community-based cross-sectional survey and a case-control study on diabetic retinopathy in Kinshasa, the capital of DRC. The medical charts of all diabetics (n=3010) ≥ 20 years were studied to estimate the prevalence of DR during November 2004. 10% (n=301) of these were randomly selected to reveal 95 diabetics with DR and 206 diabetics without DR (control). Both groups were matched for primary care centre, sex, age, body mass index, and waist circumference, attending the primary care centres between December 2004 and December 2005, and were screened for DR using stereo color photography and ophthalmoscopy. Results: the overall prevalence rate of DR in the population was 31.6% (n=950 95% confidence interval [CI]:26.3 – 36.9). Delayed diagnosis of diabetes (≥55 years) in the study sample in women, men with high socioeconomic status, and pregnancy onset after the diagnosis of DR among women, were identified as variables for Univariate analysis and for significant risk factors of DR. Logistic regression analysis showed that longer duration of diabetes (≥4years) (LDD), systolic arterial hypertension (SAH), higher pulse pressure (≥60 mmHg, clinical pre-atherosclerosis/arterial stiffness), and family history of diabetes (FHD), were the significant and independent determinants of DR in the sample study. The multivariate risk of DR conferred by these determinants is enhanced among female diabetics (y=2.679 + 1.528 SHT + 1.080 LDD + FHD; p<0.01) and patients with type 2 diabetes (y=2.725 + 1.316 SHT + LDD + 1.246 FHD; p<0.05). The adjusted odds-ratio for DR conferred by higher pulse pressure was 5 (95% CI 2 – 12.8; p<0.05. Conclusion: Longer duration of diabetes, arterial systolic hypertension, and higher pulse pressure (arterial stiffness) were the most significant independent risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. However, a population-based study is warranted to identify the risk factors, as well as the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy.

First diabetic retinopathy prevalence study in Portugal: RETINODIAB Study—Evaluation of the screening programme for Lisbon and Tagus Valley region

Background/aimsIn Portugal, so far, there is no study or even accurate data on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), based on a large representative sample and on a long-term follow-up....

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Mainland China: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundAlthough diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered to be a major cause of blindness, this is the first meta-analysis to investigate the pooled prevalence of DR in mainland China.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted a search of all English reports on population-based studies for the prevalence of DR using Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, Google (scholar), and all Chinese reports were identified manually and on-line using CBMDisc, Chongqing VIP database, and CNKI database. A meta-analysis was carried out. The fixed effects model or random effects model was used as a statistical test for homogeneity. Nineteen studies were included. The prevalence of DR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the pooled general population was 1.3% (95%CI: 0.5%–3.2%), 1.1% (95%CI: 0.6%–2.1%), and 0.1% (95%CI: 0.1%–0.3%), respectively, but was 23% (95%CI: 17.8%–29.2%), 19.1% (95%CI: 13.6%–26.3%), and 2.8% (95%CI: 1.9%–4.2%) in the diabetic group. The prevalence rate of DR in the pooled rural population was higher than that in the urban population, 1.6% (95%CI: 1.3%–2%), and the diabetic population, 29.1% (95%CI: 20.9%–38.9%). The prevalence of DR was higher in the Northern region compared with the Southern region.Conclusions/SignificanceThe prevalence of DR in mainland China appeared a little high, and varied according to area. NPDR was more common. This study highlights the necessity for DR screening in the rural areas of China.

Epidemiology study on the prevalence rate and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in rural residents in Shandong Province

Objective To estimate the prevalence rate and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rural residents in Shandong. Methods A total of 16 330 residents in 8 counties in Shandong province underwent the screening of diabetes by multi-stage randomized cluster-sampling; while the standard of diagnosis of diabetes was in accordance with the WHO standard (1990). Diabetes was diagnosed in 707 residents who then underwent questionnaire survey and examinations of fasting blood-glucose, urine protein, visual acuity, slit-lamp microscope, and direct opthalmoscope. The standard of DR screening was drawn according to the international DR classification (2002). The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software. Results In 16 330 residents, 707 were with diabetes (4. 33%), 26.30% of them (181 cases) had DR (1.11% of all the residents). Multivariable analysis showed that kidney damage, hypertension and high blood glucose were the risk factors for DR; while the age, sex, and family history were not related much to DR. Conclusion The prevalence rate of DR in rural residents of Shandong is high. Kidney involvement, hypertension and high blood glucose are the risk factors of DR. Key words: Diabetic retinopathy/epidemiology; Diabetic retinopathy/diagnosis; Epidemiologic methods

Diabetic Retinopathy in Native and Nonnative Canadians

High prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes are being observed in native Canadian communities. It is believed that native populations have a higher prevalence rate of vascular complications than nonnatives. The Southern Alberta Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) examined the prevalence and incidence of DR and associated metabolic abnormalities in native and nonnative subjects. Prevalence rates of DR in type 2 diabetic native and nonnative subjects were identical, with a prevalence rate of 40%. Native subjects with retinopathy, however, tended to have more advanced changes of retinopathy compared to the nonnative subjects. Key factors such as A1c, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, and lipid values were not significantly different between the two cohorts. These data indicate that ethnicity does play a role in the development and severity of DR but potential risk factors that may affect the development of retinopathy are not significantly different between native and nonnative groups.