Prevalence Rate Of Bipolar Disorder Research Articles

Prevalence of eating disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a scoping review of the literature.

Eating disorder (ED) and bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit certain phenomenological similarities rooted in eating behavior and emotional regulation. However, despite the growing body of research on the comorbidity of ED and BD, scientific data on the concurrent course of these disorders has remained poorly systematized. To conduct a scoping review of published data on the prevalence of various types of ED among patients with BD types I and II in the context of the sex and clinical features of the concurrent course of these disorders. The analysis was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE electronic database. Studies were included if they were focused samples of patients diagnosed with BD and ED, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth and fifth editions (DSM-IV, DSM-5), or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth Revision (ICD-10), were used for the verification of the ED and BD diagnoses. The descriptive analysis method was used to summarize the review findings. A total of 41 studies were selected for the review. Lifetime ED in patients with BD ranged from 2.2% to 31.1%, and the prevalence rates of BD among patients with ED varied from 11.3% to 68.1%. ED nominally had a higher prevalence among individuals with BD type II and females. Additionally, the presence of ED in patients with BD was associated with earlier onset of mood disorder, a higher number of depressive episodes, higher levels of atypical depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, as well as a higher frequency of comorbid obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders, addictions, and various metabolic disorders. Despite the high degree of volatility in the results, the prevalence rates of a concurrent course of ED and BD are rather high. For this reason, screening for ED in patients with BD and vice versa holds significant value in the accurate diagnosis and selection of the most effective therapy. The patterns of comorbidity among different types of ED and BD, depending on gender, need further exploration in future research.

Association of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis With Suicide Mortality Rates in Adolescents in Sweden

The association of early diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder with adolescent suicide mortality (ASM) is unknown. To assess regional associations between ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis frequencies. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between annual regional ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis rates in Swedish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2021. Aggregated data without exclusions reported at the regional level encompassed 585 suicide deaths, constituting 588 unique observations (ie, 21 regions, 14 years, 2 sexes). Bipolar disorder diagnosis frequencies and lithium dispensation rates were designated as fixed-effects variables (interaction term in the case of males). An interaction term between psychiatric care affiliation rates and the proportion of psychiatric visits to inpatient and outpatient clinics constituted independent fixed-effects variables. Region and year comprised random intercept effect modifiers. Variables were population adjusted and corrected for heterogeneity in reporting standards. The main outcomes were sex-stratified, regional, and annual ASM rates in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years per 100 000 inhabitants as analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Female adolescents were diagnosed with bipolar disorder almost 3 times more often than male adolescents (mean [SD], 149.0 [19.6] vs 55.3 [6.1] per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively). Median regional prevalence rates of bipolar disorder varied over the national median by a factor of 0.46 to 2.61 and 0.00 to 1.82 in females and males, respectively. Bipolar disorder diagnosis rates were inversely associated with male ASM (β = -0.00429; SE, 0.002; 95% CI, -0.0081 to -0.0004; P = .03) independent of lithium treatment and psychiatric care affiliation rates. This association was replicated by β-binomial models of a dichotomized quartile 4 ASM variable (odds ratio, 0.630; 95% CI, 0.457-0.869; P = .005), and both models were robust after adjusting for annual regional diagnosis rates of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. No such association was observed in females. In this cross-sectional study, lower suicide death rates in adolescent males was robustly associated with regional diagnosis rates of bipolar disorder at an estimated magnitude of approximately 4.7% of the mean national suicide death rate. The associations could be due to treatment efficacy, early diagnosis and management, or other factors not accounted for.

Bipolar disorder and maternity

IntroductionBipolar disorder can be a severe psychiatric disorder. The combined prevalence of bipolar I, bipolar II, and unspecified bipolar disorders according to DSM-IV is 1.8%. Mean age at first affective episode has been estimated to 20 years among out-patients in the United States (2).ObjectivesWe present the case of a 40-year-old patient, diagnosed with type I bipolar disorder. In her story, multiple admissions are recorded for both manic and depressive episodes. The patient showed a desire to be a mother and multiple therapeutic interventions were performed, de-escalation of stabilizers until she was withdrawn, which triggered generally manic episodes that required hospital admission.MethodsGiven the controversy in the decision to maintain or not drug treatment during pregnancy and the lack of clear criteria, in this case it was decided to try to gradually withdraw the treatment, which triggered several serious relapses. It was then decided to maintain the treatment at lower doses than usual or complete withdrawal, which in all cases precipitated relapses. Finally the patient reconsidered her wishes and abandoned the possibility of pregnancy.ResultsBipolar I DisorderConclusionsAlthough most studies have found similar lifetime prevalence rates of bipolar disorder between men and women, gender differences may be evident in the impact of reproductive life events on affected women. In addition to the controversy regarding the decision to maintain or not treatment during pregnancy, there is also the certainty that childbirth can be the specific trigger for a manic or hypomanic episode.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Gender and mental health service use in bipolar disorder: national cohort study.

Despite evidence of gender differences in bipolar disorder characteristics and comorbidity, there is little research on the differences in treatment and service use between men and women with bipolar disorder. To use routine data to describe specialist mental health service contact for bipolar disorder, including in-patient, community and support service contacts; to compare clinical characteristics and mental health service use between men and women in contact with secondary services for bipolar disorder. Cross-sectional analysis of mental health patients with bipolar disorder in New Zealand, based on complete national routine health data. A total of 3639 individuals were in contact with specialist mental health services with a current diagnosis of bipolar disorder in 2015. Of these 58% were women and 46% were aged 45 and over. The 1-year prevalence rate of bipolar disorder leading to contact with specialist mental health services was 1.56 (95% CI 1.50-1.63) per 100 000 women and 1.20 (95% CI 1.14-1.26) per 100 000 men. Rates of bipolar disorder leading to service contact were 30% higher in women than men (rate ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.22-1.39). The majority (68%) had a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. Women were more likely to receive only out-patient treatment and have comorbid anxiety whereas more men had substance use disorder, were convicted for crimes when unwell, received compulsory treatment orders and received in-patient treatment. Although the prevalence of bipolar disorder is equal between men and women in the population, women were more likely to have contact with specialist services for bipolar disorder but had a lower intensity of service interaction.

A closer look at the nosological status of the highs (hypomanic symptoms) in the postpartum period.

Studies from several countries have reported occurrence of the highs (hypomanic symptoms) immediately after childbirth; however, questions remain about the relationship of the highs with mood disorders. This systematic review aims to clarify this relationship, critically review important aspects of the highs, and make treatment recommendations and suggestions for future research. The electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR) were searched using the keywords and their combinations: postpartum, euphoria, hypomania, and baby pinks. Reference lists of articles identified were also searched. Using the Highs scale, studies have found that 9.6-49.1% of postpartum women have hypomanic symptoms. Some but not all of the studies found an association of the highs with later depression. Symptoms of hypomania or mania are also common among women referred to specialized perinatal clinics for mood disorders. Depending on the instrument used, 12-30% of these women have symptoms of hypomania or mania after childbirth. The methodological limitations of current studies do not permit any definitive conclusions about the nosology of the highs. The discrepancy between the reported prevalence of the highs in non-clinical populations and the prevalence rates of bipolar disorder in the general population implies that the highs may be analogous to the baby blues in some women. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether the highs are limited to the postpartum period or whether there are some women who continue to have recurrences of the highs outside of the postpartum period.

Comorbid alcohol dependence disorder may be related to aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) in bipolar II disorder, but only to ALDH2 in bipolar I disorder, in Han Chinese.

A high prevalence rate of bipolar disorder (BP) comorbid with alcohol dependence (AD) (BP+AD) in Western patients with BP has been reported, but whether this is true for Han Chinese with BP is uncertain. We explored the prevalence of BP+AD in a Han Chinese population with BP, and investigated the effect of alcohol-metabolizing genotypes on bipolar I disorder (BP-I) + AD and bipolar II disorder (BP-II) + AD. Healthy controls (HCs) (n=672) and 18- to 65-year-old patients with BP (BP-I: n=530; BP-II: n=788) were recruited. Patients with any other major or minor mental illnesses, neurological disorders, or organic mental disorders were excluded. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine genotypes for alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), two alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. AD comorbidity rates were 11.7% with BP-I and 17.1% with BP-II. Significantly fewer patients with BP not comorbid with AD (BP-AD) carried the AHD1B*1 allele than did the HCs. Logistic regression analysis showed a main effect of ALDH2*1/*1 only in the BP-I-AD group. In BP+AD patients, logistic regression analysis showed main effects of ALDH2*1/*1 and ADH1B*1/*1 only in the BP-II+AD group. Having BP-II+AD may be related to ALDH2 and ADH1B, but having BP-I+AD may be related only to ALDH2. We conclude that ALDH2 and ADH1B have different effects in Han Chinese patients with BP-I+AD and BP-II+AD.

Is bipolar always bipolar? Understanding the controversy on bipolar disorder in children.

Dramatically increasing prevalence rates of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in the United States have provoked controversy regarding the boundaries of manic symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatry. The serious impact of this ongoing debate on the treatment of affected children is reflected in the concomitant increase in prescription rates for antipsychotic medication.A key question in the debate is whether this increase in bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is based on a better detection of early-onset bipolar disorder—which can present differently in children and adolescents—or whether it is caused by an incorrect assignment of symptoms which overlap with other widely known disorders.So far, most findings suggest that the suspected symptoms, in particular chronic, non-episodic irritability (a mood symptom presenting with easy annoyance, temper tantrums and anger) do not constitute a developmental presentation of childhood bipolar disorder. Additional research based on prospective, longitudinal studies is needed to further clarify the developmental trajectories of bipolar disorder and the diagnostic status of chronic, non-episodic irritability.

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in Germany: national trends in the rates of inpatients, 2000–2007

Increasing admission and prevalence rates of bipolar disorder (BD) are a matter of controversy in international child and adolescent psychiatry. We seek to contribute to this discussion by presenting data obtained in a population of German children and adolescents. Nationwide, whole population changes in inpatient admissions of BD and other psychiatric disorders between 2000 and 2007 were analyzed in individuals aged up to 19 years using registry data from the German Federal Health Monitoring System. Inpatient admissions for BD in individuals aged up to 19 years increased from 1.13 to 1.91 per 100,000 or 68.5% between 2000 and 2007 (odds ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.41-2.02), with a nonsignificant decline in children less than 15 years and the largest relative increase in adolescents aged 15-19 years. Inpatient rates for depressive disorders increased by 219.6% and for hyperkinetic disorder by 111.3%. Conduct disorders increased by 18.1%, considerably less than the 38.1% general rise for all mental disorders in children and adolescents. The only significant decline in a diagnostic category occurred for psychotic disorders (-11.8%). BD inpatient admission represented only 0.22% of all mental disorder admissions in 2000 and 0.27% in 2007. An elevation of inpatient admissions of BD in Germany in adolescents was detected, exceeding the general trend for increased mental disorder admissions. The results may indicate a higher clinical awareness and appreciation of mood symptoms at earlier ages and, in part, a reconceptualization of previously diagnosed psychotic disorders in youth. However, a diagnosis of BD in youngsters is still extremely rare in Germany. Diagnoses were based on the judgment of the treating physician. A correction for multiple admissions in the data set is not possible.

Impact of remitted substance use disorders on the future course of bipolar I disorder: Findings from a clinical trial

Given the high lifetime prevalence rates of bipolar disorder and comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs), the aim of the study was to examine the effect of a remitted SUD on the future course of bipolar I disorder in patients taking part in a clinical trial. Patients with bipolar I disorder were enrolled in a larger study examining the effects of pharmacotherapy plus family interventions. These patients were recruited during an acute mood episode and their mood symptoms and substance abuse were assessed longitudinally for up to 28 months. Patients with a remitted SUD showed a poorer acute treatment response, a longer time to remission of their acute mood episode, and a greater percentage of time with subthreshold but clinically significant depression and manic symptoms over follow-up compared to those without this comorbidity pattern. Subsequent substance abuse during follow-up could not fully account for the poorer course of illness. As remitted SUDs appear to negatively predict treatment outcome, current findings have implications for both clinical trials of bipolar patients as well as clinical practice.

Cross-National Comparisons of Seafood Consumption and Rates of Bipolar Disorders

The authors sought to determine if greater seafood consumption, a measure of omega-3 fatty acid intake, is associated with lower prevalence rates of bipolar disorder in community samples. Lifetime prevalence rates in various countries for bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia were identified from population-based epidemiological studies that used similar methods. These epidemiological studies used structured diagnostic interviews with similar diagnostic criteria and were population based with large sample sizes. Simple linear and nonlinear regression analyses were used to compare these prevalence data to differences in apparent seafood consumption, an economic measure of disappearance of seafood from the economy. Simple exponential decay regressions showed that greater seafood consumption predicted lower lifetime prevalence rates of bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and bipolar spectrum disorder. Bipolar II disorder and bipolar spectrum disorder had an apparent vulnerability threshold below 50 lb of seafood/person/year. The absence of a correlation between lifetime prevalence rates of schizophrenia and seafood consumption suggests a specificity to affective disorders. These data describe a robust correlational relationship between greater seafood consumption and lower prevalence rates of bipolar disorders. These data provide a cross-national context for understanding ongoing clinical intervention trials of omega-3 fatty acids in bipolar disorders.

Bipolar disorder

The EBMH Notebook summarises key messages about bipolar disorder, sourced from: Clin Evid Concise2003;10:208–9.[OpenUrl][1] For this review, Clinical Evidence Concise searched and appraised material published until April 2002. Bipolar disorder...

Treated Prevalence Rates of Severe Mental Illness Among HMO Members

The authors examined the extent to which health maintenance organizations (HMOs) enroll and provide services to people with severe mental illness. The automated pharmacy system of a large HMO identified members who had received a prescription for an antipsychotic drug or lithium during the two-year study period (1986 and 1987). These data, combined with data from a 2 percent random sample of HMO members and from medical records, were used to identify members who satisfied DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Treated prevalence rates derived from these data were compared with estimated treated prevalence data obtained in the National Institute of Mental Health's Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) survey. Although methodological complications and small sample sizes precluded a detailed comparison, the study found a significantly lower treated prevalence rate of schizophrenia among HMO members than in the ECA survey. The treated prevalence rate of bipolar disorder was also lower than the ECA rate, but the difference was not significant. The differences in treated prevalence rates seemed to be the result of different study methodologies and factors influencing HMO membership. The results underscore the need for a comprehensive study of the course of severe mental illness among HMO members.