Prevalence Rates Of Urinary Tract Infection Research Articles

Urinary Tract Infection among Adults Seeking Medicare at Kiambu Level 5 Hospital, Kenya: Prevalence, Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Possible Risk Factors

Urinary tract infections are among the most prevalent extra-intestinal infections, with high prevalence globally. This cross-sectional study established prevalence of bacterial aetiology causing urinary tract infection (UTI) and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. A questionnaire was used to capture socio-demographic data and possible UTI risk factors among the 206 consented adults seeking medicare at Kiambu Level 5 Hospital. The collected midstream urine samples were subjected to dipstick analysis, microscopy and culture for UTI diagnosis. Results: The overall prevalence rate of UTIs was 27.6%, with women’s prevalence rate being significantly higher at 80.7% compared to men 19.2%. Pregnant women had UTI prevalence at 34% which was higher than other sets of participants. Women who did not frequently change their underpants daily had a higher UTI cases at 34.8%. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens at 38.5%, 21% and 19.3%, respectively. Antimicrobial sensitivity analysis revealed high resistances towards Sulfamethoxazole and Ampicillin at range between 50% - 85%, suggesting that these drugs are no longer effective for UTI empirical treatment. The resistance patterns towards Cefotaxime, Cefepime and Ciprofloxacin were below 40%. However, more resistance patterns at a range between 14% - 40% revealed towards Amoxicillin-clavulanic and Nitrofurantoin imply that these are drugs remain potent but there is the need to revise the current UTI management guidelines. In addition, to elude treatment failure, innovation of prophylactic measures is key to halt UTI contraction and offer support to pharmaceutical industries that have fewer new antibiotics in the pipeline.

PS-371 Respiratory Viruses Might Increase The Risk Of Acquiring Urinary Tract Infections

Background Clinicians often express concerns of serious bacterial infection when facing a child with acute bronchiolitis. Aims The goals of this study were 1) to estimate the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants and children with bronchiolitis, and 2) to evaluate the effect of demographic, clinical characteristics and other related factors on the prevalence rates of UTI. Materials and methods A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the only tertiary medical centre in the State of Qatar. Patients ages 0 to 36 months hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis from January 2010 to December 2012 were included in the study. The following data were collected: age at diagnosis, gestational age, nationality, sex, Direct Fluorescent Antibodies (DFA) and urine culture results. For the purpose of data analysis, we divided the patient population into three categories: RSV positive, RSV negative and other than RSV (influenza, Para influenza, parechovirus, etc). Results 836 paediatric patients with acute bronchiolitis were admitted in paediatrics department ward unit. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.61 ± 3.56 months ranged from 0.33 to 34 months. There were 39.2% girls, 68.8% boys; 61.4% Qatari and 38.6% were Non-Qatari nationals. The percentage of UTI was significantly higher among other than RSV (30/224; 13.4%) compared to RSV-positive (11/224; 4.9%) and RSV-negative (8/100; 8%); p = 0.007. Conclusions Infants and young children with might have a higher risk of UTI if presented with bronchiolitis triggered by a respiratory virus other than RSV.

Urinary tract infections among pregnant women in Mosul city

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women in Mosul city and to classify the infected women according to their trimesters of pregnancy. The sensitivity of isolated organisms to various antibiotics was also examined. Patients and methods: Sample of 154 pregnant women attending Al-Batool Maternity Hospital in Mosul city from Feb-April 2007 was taken. Information on age, gestational age, gravidity, parity, level of education and residence were collected for each woman. Clean midstream urine samples were examined for UTI microscopically and culture, and sensitivity tests were done for the organisms isolated using a range of antibiotics. Results: Prevalence rate of UTI among the studied subjects was 47.4%. Eschirishia coli was the most frequently isolated organism (73.5%) which was highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, ceftriaxone and amikacin. Amoxicillin, cotrimoxasole, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin are the effective antibiotics to half of isolated Gram positive bacteria. Of the variables examined, 79.5% of the infected participants were in the age group 20-35 years, 53.0% were in their third trimester, 41.0% had 1-4 children, 30.1% were primigravidae, 63.0% attended the antenatal care unit on need, and 71.2% were urban at 6-12 years schooling. Conclusion: UTI is still a major health problem among pregnant women especially during their third trimester. Escherichia coli is the predominant pathogen causing UTI. All detected bacteria were sensitive to amikacin. Urinalyses with culture and sensitivity tests are mandatory for all pregnant women during the different trimesters. Health education with regular antenatal care share greatly in reducing the incidence of this infection.

URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT

Little attention has been focused on the identification of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young febrile children in the emergency department, despite recent information that suggests both a high prevalence and significant associated morbidity in this population. Most UTIs that lead to scarring or diminished kidney growth occur in children younger than age 4 years, especially babies in the first year of life. Overall, prevalence rates of UTI in febrile infants in the emergency department are approximately 3% to 5%, with higher rates for white girls, uncircumcised boys, and those without another potential source for fever. Prevalence and risk factors are given so that clinicians may identify those febrile children at particularly high or low risk of UTI for selective management. Culturing methods, urine screening tests, and culture interpretation are reviewed and management strategies based on these results are suggested.