Prevalence Rate Of Dental Fluorosis Research Articles

A Sampling Survey of the Oral Health Status and Awareness among Primary School Students in Lhasa

Objective To investigate the oral health status and awareness of urban children in Lhasa,aiming to provide a data basis for the prevention and treatment of children's caries and the promotion of oral health education. Methods A total of 504 Tibetan students were selected by cluster sampling from 2 primary schools in Chengguan District of Lhasa.All the participants were required to take oral health examination and complete a questionnaire about oral health awareness and behavior. Results The caries prevalence rate and mean decayed-missing-filled tooth(DMFT)of permanent teeth were 75.00% and 2.18±1.91,respectively.The rates of pit and fissure sealant and filling of permanent teeth were 3.77% and 6.81%,respectively.The caries prevalence rate of first permanent molars was 47.62%.The mean DMFT of permanent teeth and caries prevalence rate of first permanent molar were significantly higher in female group(P=0.001 and P=0.007,respectively).The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 61.51%,and the detection rate of dental calculus was 71.83%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prevalence of caries was influenced by many independent factors including gender,oral health awareness,intention of dental intervention,and dental experience. Conclusion High caries prevalence rate,low filling rate,and poor oral hygiene and health awareness were found among the primary school students in Lhasa,which require continuous dentistry investment and oral health education for the local students and their parents.

A national cross-sectional study on effects of fluoride-safe water supply on the prevalence of fluorosis in China

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of provided fluoride-safe drinking-water for the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in China.DesignA national cross-sectional study in China.SettingIn 1985, randomly selected villages in 27 provinces...

Coal-burning roasted corn and chili as the cause of dental fluorosis for children in southwestern China

To find the pathologic cause of the children's dental fluorosis in southwestern China, diet structure before the age of 6 and prevalence rate of dental fluorosis (DF) of 405 children were investigated, and the fluorine and arsenic content of several materials were determined. The prevalence rate of DF of children living on roasted corn before the age of 6 is 100% with nearly 95% having the mild to severe DF; while that of children living on non-roasted corn or rice is less than 5% with all having very mild DF. The average fluorine and arsenic concentration are 20.26 mg/kg and 0.249 mg/kg in roasted corn, which are about 16 times and 35 times more than in non-roasted corn, respectively. The average fluorine concentration is 78 mg/kg in coal, 1116 mg/kg in binder clay and 313 mg/kg in briquette (coal mixed with clay). The average arsenic concentration of coal is 5.83 mg/kg, the binder clay is 20.94 mg/kg, with 8.52 mg/kg in the briquette. Living on roasted corn and chili is the main pathologic cause of endemic fluorosis in southwestern China. The main source of fluorine and arsenic pollution of roasted corn and chill is the briquette of coal and binder clay.

Report on the surveillance results of endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province in 2007

Objective To investigate the fulfillment of improved water measures for endemic fluomsis and to find out the trend of prevalence in Qinghai Province in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the government to formulate control strategies for endemic fluorosis.Methods Usage and management of reforming water facilities in Huzhu County were generally surveyed.Yanya Village,Caijiabu Town,Huzhu County was chosen as the surveillance spot.The household drinking water was surveyed.The dental fluorosis and urine fluoride content of children aged 8-12 years and adult above 16 years were examined.Skeletal fluorosis of adult was checked.The fluomsis content in drinking water and urine was determined with F-ion selective electrode method.The dental fluowsis was examined with Dean index.Skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to eountry standard(GB 16396-1996.WS 192-1999).Results The rate of water-improving was 60%(36/60)in Huzhu County.The mean of fluoride content in drinking water Was 1.25 mg/L The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 90.20%(46/51);that of adult was 88.89%(48/54).The dental fluorosis index of children was 1.77,that of adult was 2.95.The prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 98.15% indicated by clinical data,18.87% by X-ray.The ufine fluorosis content of children was 2.27 mg/L,that of adult was 2.00 mg/L.Conclusion The disease condition of endemic fluorosis in Qinshai is serious,defluofidation is slow in effect. Key words: Endemic disease; Fhioresis; Epidemioiogieal surveiHance; Outcome assessment

台湾省中興新村におけるＦｌｕｏｒｉｄａｔｉｏｎ中止後の歯科的影響

In 1972 water fluoridation was begun in Chung-Hsing New Village, Taiwan and it was discontinued in 1986. At the first stage, fluoride concentration was 0.6ppm, and was changed to 1.0ppm in 1978. Chung-Hsing New Village is located about 20km south-east of Taichung city and the mean temperature is 73.4 degrees Fahrenheit.In July 1991, to survey the dental effects in the 5 years after the water fluoridation discontinued, we conducted a dental survey in Chung-Hsing New Village and in Tsao-Tun as a control area. Two dentists examined dental caries with the criteria of WHO and one dentist examined dental fluorosis with Dean's criteria. The subjects in Chung-Hsing New Village were 93 schoolchildren aged 10-12 who had been drinking fluoridated water from birth to 5-7 years of age and 80 schoolchildren aged 14 or 15 who had been drinking from birth to 9 or 10years of age. In Tsao-Tun, the control group was 99 schoolchildren aged 10-12 and 78 schoolchildren aged 14 or 15. In the 10-12-year old schoolchildren, the mean DMFT was 1.19 (SE=0.17) in Chung-Hsing New Village and 2.55 (0.26) in Tsao-Tun. The difference was 53.3% (p<0.001). In 14 or 15-year-old schoolchildren, the DMFT was 2.38 (0.35) and 3.39 (0.34), respectively. The difference was 29.8% (p<0.05). The mean DMFS for each tooth type in Chung-Hsing New Vlliage was smaller than in Tsao-Tun. We found more effectiveness in the 1st molars and the incisors than in the other teeth. High caries preventive effects were produced by fluoride exposure not only in the calcification period, but also in the post-eruptive maturation period.In both areas, we could not find moderate or severe dental fluorosis. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was low and the difference between Chung-Hsing New Village and Tsao-Tun was not significant. CFI varied from 0.05 to 0.15. The present study proved that the water fluoridation produced caries preventive effects and the favorable effects remained for 5 years after discontinuation of the projects. In addition, there was no public health problem of dental fluorosis.

中国広州市のｆｌｕｏｒｉｄａｔｉｏｎ中断後のう蝕予防効果持続と歯牙フッ素症歯所有状況

In China, water fluoridation was begun in Guangdong province in Guangzhou in 1965 and in Dongguan in 1974, and was stopped in 1983 and 1986, respectively. There is at present no fluoridation being practiced in China. Both cities are located north of Hong Kong and belong to the subtropical zone (mean temperature=71.1°F). According to Minoguchi's formula, an optimal fluoride concentration is 0.6-0.7ppm. The fluoride concentration was unstable for the first 10 years, when annual fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.8ppm to 0.9ppm, higher than the optimal fluoride concentration. After that the concentration was about 0.7ppm. The fluoride concentration of drinking water in Guangzhou may have been sometimes higher than the optimal fluoride concentration. In December 1990, seven years after fluoridation was discontinued, a dental survey of schoolchildren aged 15 was made in Guangzhou, and also in Fushan (0.2ppm) as a control area. Two dentists examined dental caries and one dentist examined dental fluorosis with Dean's Index, and other enamel defects were also recorded. Subjects were 62 students in Guangzhou and 71 students in Fushan. The mean DMFT was 0.44 (SE=0.10) in Guangzhou and 2.20 (0.33) in Fushan. The percent difference was 80% (p<0.001). The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 21% in Guangzhou and 2.8% in Fushan and the CFI was 0.42 and 0.08, respectively. Many dark brown teeth, not caused by fluoride, were found. They may have been caused by tetracycline or exanthematous fevers. The present study proved that water fluoridation produced high caries-preventive effects and the favorable effects remained for seven years after discontinuation of water fluoridation without serious dental fluorosis in Guangzhou.