Prevalence Of Violent Behavior Research Articles

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR ABILITY AND THE FORMATION OF SOME POSITIVE BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Many times children, especially at the age of puberty and adolescence, show their feelings of fear, upset, anger through specific behavior and challenging attitudes that the family and the school must manage and change from bad to good. The lessons of physical education and sports will address topics about behavior, information will be presented about relationships between peers, about the state of health and sexual behavior of girls and boys, about examples of conflicts that can end tragically or, on the contrary, can end positively. Students will have to receive knowledge about the prevention of violent behavior, about the consequences of violating the law, lack of interest, giving them examples of victims and aggressors. Assumption. In this study we try to find out if once a violent behavior has been improved we can correct it for the better by decreasing the potential for impermissible actions. The formation of these skills is developed at school in the lessons of physical education, civic education, management, by participating in extracurricular actions, by training physical, mental and social skills.

Antecedents and Outcomes of Intimate Partner Violence Against Married Afghan Women Living in Iran

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most frequent forms of violence observed by one member of the family, particularly the dominant member, to control the other member of the relationship. This study aimed to investigate the antecedents and consequences of IPV in couples’ relationships from the perspective of married Afghan immigrant women living in Iran. The participants included 253 married Afghan women living in Iran between 18 and 57 years old who participated in the study via an online survey and answered questions about the four forms of IPV experienced measured by Conflict Tactic Scales-Revised (CTS-2), Symptoms of Depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder Scale, Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Social Support Scale. According to the findings, Afghan immigrant women experienced psychological, physical, sexual, and controlling behaviors and any kind of IPV of 54%, 41%, 23%, 61%, and 71% prevalence, respectively, in the last 12 months. Age, self-education and partner education, economic status, type of marriage (love or traditional), and the number of children also have a significant association with IPV (p< .01). The results showed that women who experienced IPV significantly reported lower levels of social support and marital satisfaction and higher symptoms of depression and PTSD than women who did not experience IPV (p< .01). Considering the prevalence of violent behavior in Afghan immigrant women who have less access to the support network in the country of origin, empowering them and creating supportive conditions for them can control the negative consequences of violence and provide a basis for psychological interventions by specialists.

Violent behavior in primary education: Evolution from 9 to 12 years old as a function of gender

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to establish the frequency of violent behaviors present in primary education (PE), to determine differences based on students' grade and gender, and to assess the evolution of behaviors between the fourth and sixth grades of PE. The research design was a cohort longitudinal ex post facto study with three measures. Data was collected at three different moments across fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of PE. The sample was composed of all the students of three public centers located in three localities of Autonomous Community of Navarra (Northern Spain). The centers had to present similar characteristics to each other and to the population of Navarra. The first three centers contacted agreed to participate. The sample was composed of 236 students (110 girls) in PE. Students completed the instrument School Violence Questionnaire‐Revised. A descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis, and a logistic regression model were performed. A gradual increase in the perception of different violent behaviors with differences between boys and girls was found. In fourth grade, there was hardly any perception of information and communication technology‐related violence; it then increased until sixth grade. Boys perceived more violence from teachers toward students and among peers. Girls perceived more violent behavior between fourth and fifth grade. Preventive interventions targeting digital violence should be developed at this stage. Considering the differences found according to gender and age, it is highlighted the need to train the educative community in different areas, such as emotional competencies, school coexistence, and the detection and prevention of violent behavior.

Evolution of impulsivity levels in relation to early cannabis use in violent patients in the early phase of psychosis.

Prevention of violent behaviors (VB) in the early phase of psychosis (EPP) is a real challenge. Impulsivity was shown to be strongly related to VB, and different evolutions of impulsivity were noticed along treatments. One possible variable involved in the relationship between VB and the evolution of impulsivity is cannabis use (CU). The high prevalence of CU in EPP and its relationship with VB led us to investigate: 1/the impact of CU and 2/the impact of early CU on the evolution of impulsivity levels during a 3-year program, in violent and non-violent EPP patients. 178 non-violent and 62 violent patients (VPs) were followed-up over a 3 year period. Age of onset of CU was assessed at program entry and impulsivity was assessed seven times during the program. The evolution of impulsivity level during the program, as a function of the violent and non-violent groups of patients and CU precocity were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Over the treatment period, impulsivity level did not evolve as a function of the interaction between group and CU (coef. = 0.02, p = 0.425). However, when including precocity of CU, impulsivity was shown to increase significantly only in VPs who start consuming before 15 years of age (coef. = 0.06, p = 0.008). The precocity of CU in VPs seems to be a key variable of the negative evolution of impulsivity during follow-up and should be closely monitored in EPP patients entering care since they have a higher risk of showing VB.

Moral Development in Adolescents as A Key Indicator for The Prevention of Violent Behavior in Their Couples’ Relationships

Dating violence is a multidimensional and cross-cultural problem that in the last decade has extended worryingly to teenage age. The consequences are so serious and lasting over time that they cause serious psychological, educational, family and social implications. Knowledge of predictive indicators and the consequences that these aggression and victimization processes cause, can offer an important guide for the design of prevention and intervention protocols that contribute to decrease the prevalence of cases, to facilitate their identification, to give an answer faster and more efficient. This study emphasizes the moral development of adolescents as a key indicator and, specifically, in the level of moral disengagement they present. The aims are: a) Analyze the level of moral disengagement of adolescents, as well as the mechanisms they use to accept and normalize violent behaviors; b) Know what mechanisms of moral disengagement predict certain forms of aggression in dating relationships. The sample consists of 2029 adolescents (55.4% girls) with ages between 14 and 18 years (M = 16.2; SD = 1.2). The results indicate that adolescents have a moderate level of moral disengagement (M = 2,562; SD = 0.4362) and the most commonly used disengagement mechanisms coincide with the diffusion and displacement of responsibility for the damage caused. As the level of disengagement increases, the mechanisms that adolescents use to validate and approve aggressive behaviors committed and suffered are diversified. Finally, it is found that the use of mechanisms such as dehumanization and euphemistic language are strong predictors of certain forms of victimization.

Gender differences and the correlates of violent behaviors among high school students in a post-conflict area in Indonesia.

Adolescent violence is a public health problem worldwide. Studies show that challenging environments, such as poverty and war, increase the risk of adolescent violence. This paper aims to assess gender differences in violent behaviors among adolescents in a post-conflict area in Indonesia. The other aim of this study is to investigate the correlates of adolescents' violent behaviors using the socio-ecological framework. This is a school-based study involving 511 students from six randomly selected high schools in Kotamadya Ambon. Active and verbal violent behaviors and the potential correlates were measured and assessed using backward linear regression analyses. Boys were involved in more violent behaviors than girls. However, some of the boys and girls reported being involved in all types of violent behaviors. The most significant correlates of violent behaviors across genders were community violence exposure and some types of behavioral problems. This study highlighted the interconnectedness between community violence exposure and violent behaviors among adolescents living in a post-conflict area. The study also emphasizes the association between problem behaviors and violent behaviors. The results demonstrate the importance of both reducing community violence exposure and identifying adolescents with behavioral problems in the prevention of violent behaviors.

THE RELATION BETWEEN YOUTH SPORT AND THE REDUCTION OF PEER VIOLENCE

This research was a part of a field study, within the SAVE project funded under the Erasmus+ European programme. The study aimed at providing answers about the benefits of practicing sports in the prevention and reduction of peer violence. Generally, the frequency of aggressive behaviour was low, and equal in both tested groups. The results revealed a significant relationship between physical activity and prosocial behaviour, group cohesion and satisfaction of participants with the group. Furthermore, the athletes had a lower level of aggression compared to the students. Although this difference is small, it is in line with some previous studies and it is an indicator of sport benefits in the suppression of peer aggression. This finding is very important for policy makers, because some research showed that regardless of SES, sport is seen as a favourite extracurricular activity among parents. The results of this research should contribute to the overall aim of the SAVE project, i.e. the prevention of violent behaviour among peers. Thus, it should be observed and targeted in such a way as to systematically reduce the exposure of children and youth to violence.

Violence on doctors. An observational study in Northern Italy.

Background:Violence in the workplace is now universally recognized as a significant global public health issue and is one of the most serious issues affecting the healthcare sector.Objectives:To assess the prevalence of workplace violence.Methods:We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire submitted to doctors from Northern Italy. The survey investigates socio-demographic information, the number of years of work in the health sector and the physical and verbal aggressions that occurred in the workplace in the last 12 months.Results:The sample consists of 4545 healthcare workers, of whom 2603 (57.27%) are females. The mean age of the sample is 49.79 years (SD ± 12.63). The risk of being victim of physical aggression at work in the last 12 months is significantly associated with the following independent variables: male gender (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.51-2.88), work in the public sector (aOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.72-3.85), being victim of verbal aggression at work in the last 12 months (aOR 22.52, 95% CI 10.97-46.20), work in the operational units of the Medical area (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.33-4.21) and the Territorial area (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-3.74).Discussion:The prevalence of violent behaviour is difficult to assess, because violent incidents are underreported or unreported. The results of the study suggest that increased awareness is necessary to develop effective control strategies at individual, hospital and national levels.

Sigurnost i zaštita na nogometnim utakmicama i ostalim sportskim priredbama prema rješenjima konvencije Vijeća Europe CETS br. 218

Encouraged by the violent behavior of certain football fans in Brussels at Heysel Stadium on 29 May 1985, the Council of Europe European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches i.e. Convention no. 120 (CETS no. 120) which entered into force on 1 November 1985. Convention no. 120 retained its original features until 2013 when the Council of Ministers concluded that it was outdated and that it was not in line with the experience gained since the entry into force. Consequently, the Standing Committee decided to draft a new text of the Convention and it resulted with Convention no. 218 (CETS no. 218) i.e. Council of Europe's Convention on an Integrated Safety, Security, and Service Approach at Football Matches and Other Sports Events. Safety measures, security measures and measures in the area of services, as a key part of Convention No. 218, aim to create a safe and secure environment at all sports events. An integrated approach to safety and security requires coordination at the international, national and local levels, and emphasizes the importance of effective co-operation with the police, emergency services and other partners not only in terms of guaranteeing physical security but also in preventing discriminatory and racist behavior. The importance of establishing a national football information point has also been established as a key mediator in the exchange of information on football matches with an international character as well as for the international cooperation of state bodies essential for the safety and security at football matches. Reasons for the emergence of Convention no. 218 is not only in the prevention of violent behavior at sporting events and in improving safety and security, but also in further development and better coordination of international cooperation in the prosecution of perpetrators of such inappropriate acts.

The Prevalence of Violent Behavior among Lebanese University Students: Association with Behavioral and Mental Health Factors.

We estimated the prevalence of 2 key violent behaviors (weapons carrying and physical fighting), determined the health risk correlates of violent behavior, such as current tobacco smoking, alcohol binge drinking, and having multiple sexual partners, and investigated the potential mental health factors related to violent behavior among Lebanese university students. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 450 Lebanese university students based on proportionate cluster sampling. Various health and behavioral risk factors were considered for the analyses. The overall prevalence of weapon carrying and physical fighting was reported at 12.7% and 19.1%, respectively. Males reported more violent behavior than females; weapon carrying (20.7% vs 5.2%, p < .001), and physical fighting (31.8% vs 7.3%, p < .001). Students who engaged in violent behaviors were more likely to have risky health behaviors than those who were not involved in violent behaviors. Religiosity had a significant protective effect against engaging in physical fighting after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. This study bridges the gap in the literature about violent behavior among emerging adults in Lebanon. There is a need to monitor weapon carrying by university students especially in a volatile setting like Lebanon.

Victimization Mediates the Longitudinal Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Violent Behaviors in Adolescence

Despite evidence of a positive link between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors, the pathways underlying this longitudinal association remain unknown. Depressive symptoms might drive and reinforce victimization which in turn could increase risk of individuals becoming violent towards others. Thus, we tested whether victimization mediated the link between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors using a 6-year longitudinal study of a community sample of adolescents. The sample included 682 Dutch adolescents (54% boys) from an ongoing longitudinal study RADAR (Research on Adolescent Development and Relationships). From ages 13 to 18 years, depressive symptoms, victimization experiences, and violent behaviors were annually assessed. We conducted longitudinal mediation analyses to test pathways to violence in adolescents with depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses revealed that victimization mediated the association between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors from early to late adolescence. As part of this, we found that adolescents’ depressive symptoms predicted victimization, and this victimization increased risk of subsequent violent behaviors. In conclusion, links between depressive symptoms and violent behaviors are potentially important to understand adolescent development. Decreasing the occurence of victimization is likely to be an important target for the prevention of violent behaviors in adolescents with depressive symptoms.

A Review on Violent Behavior among Patients Admitted in Psychiatric Setting

Introduction: Prevalence of violent incidents-physical or verbal directed to self or others, is a serious problem in psychiatric setting1. Violent behavior in psychiatric unit affects the safety of patients and any other team member working in that particular setting. There is evidence that majority of the nurses working in psychiatric setting have been attacked by patients at least one time in their career.2 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of aggression and violence among clients admitted in psychiatric units and also to find out the factors associated with aggressive and violent behavior. Materials & method: A comprehensive search was made on ProQuest, CINAHL, PubMed, Google scholar, and Cochrane databases for published original research articles between 1990 and 2016. We included all types of studies that reported about incidence or prevalence of violent behavior and factors associated with it in psychiatric ward. Result: Twenty one studies were eligible for meta-analysis and the overall pooled prevalence of violence among patients admitted in psychiatric ward is 16% (0.13. 0.19, CI 95%, i-squared=97.9%, p=0.000). The review also examined the causes accompanying with violent behavior. Conclusion: Violent behavior in psychiatric setting appear to be extremely variable between different settings. Assessing prevalence of violent behavior and to find out factors associated with violent behavior are a vital part of developing aggression management and violence prevention training program to safeguard clients and staffs from violent behavior.

La contribución de la escuela con la Ecología Social la prevención de la violencia

El proposito de este trabajo es contribuir a la reflexion sobre la manera en que la escuela primaria puede colaborar en la prevencion de las conductas violentas. A traves de la resena de dos programas propuestos para el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional, se concluye que la escuela debe y puede asumir un rol importante en la ecologia social.

You Do What You See

African American boys are more likely than same-aged counterparts to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods characterized by exposure to physical violence, lower socioeconomic status, poor parent education, and acts of violence. The current study used structural equation modeling to test the associations between witnessing violence, peer and parent expectations, peer behaviors, self-efficacy to avoid violence, and violent behavior as the outcome. Results suggest that African American boys who witnessed physical violence are more likely to engage in violence themselves. Peer and parent violence expectations, peer violence, and adolescent’s self-efficacy to avoid violence mediate this. These findings suggest potential for prevention of violent behaviors through modification of norms of male African American adolescents at risk for witnessing violence in their daily life.

Association of Breakfast Intake with Psychiatric Distress and Violent Behaviors in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN- IV Study.

To assess the relationship of breakfast intake with psychiatric distress and violent behaviors among Iranian children and adolescents. This national survey was conducted among 14,880 students, aged 6-18y. They were selected by stratified multistage sampling method from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Breakfast intake, psychiatric distress, and violent behaviors were assessed by a questionnaire prepared based on the Global school-based student health survey of the World Health Organization. The data were analyzed by the STATA package. The participation rate was 90.6%. The percentage of psychiatric distress among breakfast skippers, semi-skippers and non-skippers was 13.4-50.4, 10.1-41.9, and 7.0-33.3% respectively. The prevalence of psychiatric distress was significantly higher among breakfast skippers than semi-skippers and non-skippers (P value < 0.001). The frequency of psychiatric distress had a significant decreasing trend from breakfast skippers to non-skippers. The prevalence of violent behaviors was significantly higher among breakfast skippers than non-skippers. Students who skipped breakfast reported to be more victimized (29.2% vs. 26.7%, respectively, P = 0.04), bullied (21.0% vs. 16.2%, respectively, P < 0.001), and had more physical fight (42.6% vs. 38.5%, respectively, P = 0.0001) than their other counterparts. Students who regularly consumed breakfast were less likely to experience mental health disorders and violent behavior. Adhering to a regular and balanced diet, besides the awareness of parents on the importance of breakfast eating, may be an appropriate approach for preventing mental health problems and violent behavior in children and adolescents.

Rapid tranquillisation of acutely disturbed and violent patients: a retrospective cohort examination of 24 patients on a psychiatric intensive care unit

AbstractThe prevalence of violent behaviour within acute psychiatric services is about 10%.AimTo identify the pharmacological management of acutely disturbed behaviour in patients requiring rapid tranquillisation (RT) on a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were also identified in these patients.Method and objectivesA retrospective cohort examination was carried out of 24 patients receiving RT, average age of 38.8 years (7 women and 17 men), admitted to the PICU between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2011. Patient records and hospital incident reporting system were used to obtain relevant data for analysis.ResultsThe majority of patients were detained (95%); suffering from schizophrenia (45.8%); bipolar disorder (25%) and substance misuse disorders (12.5%). Verbal aggression (58.3%) and threatening behaviour (29.2%) were the most common factors leading to RT. Fourteen patients (58.3%) were medicated with a combination of haloperidol and lorazepam; nine (37.5%) with zuclopenthixol acetate only; and one (4.2%) with a combination of zuclopenthixol and promethazine.ConclusionHaloperidol in combination with lorazepam was the most common medication utilised for RT. Nevertheless, zuclopenthixol acetate alone, or combined with other drugs, was used in over 40% of cases. This finding is in considerable variation with recommended guidelines.

Does the socioeconomic status affect the prevalence of psychiatric distress and violent behaviors in children and adolescents? The CASPIAN-IV study.

This nationwide study aims to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric distress and violent behaviors in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents according to the socioeconomic status (SES) of their living region. In this study, 14,880 school students, aged 6-18 years, were selected from 30 provinces in Iran. The World Health Organization Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire was used. Data were compared at national and subnational levels according to the SES of the living region. Overall, 13,486 students (49.2% girls) with mean (SD) age of 12.47 (3.36) years completed the study. At national level, the prevalence of psychiatric distress ranged between 9 to 38%; the most and least prevalent psychiatric distresses were angriness (37.73%, 95% CI: 36.5-38.99) and confusion (8.65%, 95% CI: 8.04-9.29), respectively. Students living in regions with highest SES experienced angriness (41.24%, 95% CI: 38.94-43.59) more than in those from the regions with lowest SES (31.18%, 95% CI: 26.71-36.02). The prevalence of bullying, being bullied and physical fight was 17.56% (95% CI: 16.73-18.42), 27.36% (95% CI: 26.34-28.42), and 39.94% (95% CI: 38.69-41.20), respectively. The prevalence of violent behavior did not differ significantly in various regions of Iran. The relatively high prevalence of psychiatric distress in Iranian children and adolescents necessitates paying more attention to mental health of this vulnerable age group. Differences in the prevalence of such disorders according to the SES of the living area should be considered in planning evidence-based preventive programs and in international comparisons.

Visual Participatory Approach to Violent Behaviour amongst Zimbabwean Students: Forms and Prevalence

This study investigated the perceptions of students on forms and prevalence of violent behavior in Gweru urban district of Zimbabwe. Visual participatory methodology premised on both qualitative and quantitative paradigms was used. Drawings with focus group discussions were the main data collecting instruments. Participants were fifteen conveniently selected students attending a typical urban high school (females = 7, age range 15-17, males = 8, age range 14-18). Data on forms and prevalence of violence were collected from the students. The majority of the participants portrayed physical violence, vandalism and sexual harassment. It was recommended that schools must develop clear policies in an endeavor to reduce or eliminate violence. Schools Psychological Services must provide psychotherapy to individuals concerned. Visual participatory methodology, a new body of knowledge in Zimbabwe, is a vital tool for future researchers.

Violence and duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode patients

Violent behaviour can be a presenting sign of first-episode psychosis. Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been a focus of attention because it is a potentially modifiable factor that may influence outcome. The aim was to review the literature addressing the following issues: prevalence of violence or aggression in the first episode of psychosis, violence or aggression during the periods before and after the initiation of treatment, the DUP and relation between DUP and the level of violence or aggression in first-episode psychosis. MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for articles using the combination of key words 'aggression' (limited to humans) and 'first episode' and 'psychosis'. Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of violent behaviour in the first episode of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia, is greater than during the later stages of the illness. First-episode psychosis is associated with an increased risk of homicide. There is some limited support for an effect of DUP length on serious violence or aggression. Violent behaviour frequently develops before the onset of first episode. Substance use disorders are additional factors that elevate the risk for violence in these patients. Earlier treatment of first episode psychosis might prevent some homicides. Personality factors and substance abuse may be more important than psychotic symptoms in the development of aggressive behaviour in patients with first-episode psychosis.

EPA-1279 - Pharmacological management of aggression and violent behaviour : audit of rapid tranquilisation of acutely disturbed service-users in the psychiatric intensive care unit

Prevalence of violent behaviour within acute psychiatric services is about 10%. To assess compliance of management of acutely disturbed patients with the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance for use of Rapid Tranquilisation (RT). A sample of 24 patients admitted to local Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) receiving RT during 2011 was assessed using retrospective analysis of records. 100% compliance was achieved in many of the criteria assessed, including recording the risk assessment and management plan appropriately. None of the patients had up-to-date advance directive detailing their preferred strategies in case of violent incidents. 50% of patients had their baseline blood pressure, pulse, temperature and respiratory rate recorded and 33% at regular intervals. 25% were debriefed and none offered an opportunity to write their account of RT. 38% had their medication reviewed following RT. 46% were suffering from psychotic disorders; manic episode accounted for 25% of all patients. 54% of all (65% of men) received Zuclopenthixol acetate for RT and 46% the combination of Haloperidol plus Lorazepam; however, the combination of Haloperidol plus Lorazepam was used in 71.4% of women and 35% of men. 12.5% required a short period of seclusion. All patients were detained under the Mental Health Act. Training of the PICU staff in the NICE Guidance: The short-term management of disturbed/violent behaviour in psychiatric inpatient settings and emergency departments.