Prevalence Of Unhealthy Lifestyles Research Articles

Unhealthy lifestyles and clusters status among 3637 adolescents aged 11–23 years: a school-based cross-sectional study in China

BackgroundUnhealthy lifestyles are risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and tend to be clustered, with a trajectory that extends from adolescence to adulthood. This study investigated the association of diets, tobacco, alcohol, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST) and sleep duration (SD) in a total of six lifestyles, separately and as cumulative lifestyle scores, with sociodemographic characteristics among school-aged adolescents in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou.MethodsIn the aggregate, 3,637 adolescents aged 11–23 years were included in the study. The questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles. Healthy and unhealthy lifestyles were identified and scored, depending on the individual score (0 and 1 for healthy and unhealthy lifestyles respectively), with a total score between 0 and 6. Based on the sum of the dichotomous scores, the number of unhealthy lifestyles was calculated and divided into three clusters (0–1, 2–3, 4–6). Chi-square test was used to analyze the group difference of lifestyles and demographic characteristics, and multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the associations between demographic characteristics and the clustering status of unhealthy lifestyles.ResultsAmong all participants, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles was: 86.4% for diet, 14.5% for alcohol, 6.0% for tobacco, 72.2% for PA, 42.3% for ST and 63.9% for SD. Students who were in university, female, lived in country (OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.241–2.398), had low number of close friends (1–2: OR = 2.110, 95% CI: 1.428–3.117; 3–5: OR = 1.601, 95% CI: 1.168–2.195), and had moderate family income (OR = 1.771, 95% CI: 1.208–2.596) were more likely to develop unhealthy lifestyles. In total, unhealthy lifestyles remain highly prevalent among Chinese adolescents.ConclusionIn the future, the establishment of an effective public health policy may improve the lifestyle profile of adolescents. Based on the lifestyle characteristics of different populations reported in our findings, lifestyle optimization can be more efficiently integrated into the daily lives of adolescents. Moreover, it is essential to conduct well-designed prospective studies on adolescents.

Esensi Gaya Hidup Minimalis: Studi Living Qur’an Surah Al-Furqan ayat 67 Perspektif Generasi Milenial di Kota Medan

The background of this research is the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among millennials lifestyles of extravagance wasting money flaunting wealth. Even though there are lifestyles that have a myriad of benefits when applied, they are none other than following a minimalist lifestyle. But sadly, minimalist life is not something that is coveted among millennials. In fact, in Surah Al-Furqan: 67 it is explained that we should not waste wealth excessively and should not be stingy with the assets we have. The formulation of the problem and the purpose of this study is to find out how contemporary classical scholars interpret Surah Al-Furqan: 67 and what is the essence of the minimalistic lifestyle according to millennials in Medan. The method used is phenomenology and interview qualitative method. The results of this study show the view of contemporary classical scholars that actually a minimalist lifestyle is that we can have and use it, but it is forbidden to overdo it. The nature of qanaah and zuhud really needs to be applied in living a lifestyle. Meanwhile, the application of a minimalist lifestyle in millennial society is still limited, because at the same time there are still many millennials who are competing to implement a hedonic lifestyle, but not a few are also starting to adopt a minimalist lifestyle by not following their passions to exaggerate in living life.

Prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle among children and adolescents of Han nationality in China

Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics and geographical distribution of unhealthy lifestyle among children and adolescents of Han nationality in China and obtain evidence for proposing the related strategies to improve the well-being of this population. Methods: Students aged 6-22 years old were selected from the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2019. The prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles (physical inactivity, lack of outdoor activity, sedentary behavior, excessive screen time, sleep insufficiency, unhealthy eating behavior) between sex, residence, and age groups was calculated and compared. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of unhealthy lifestyle. Results: The prevalence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity less than 1 h/d or 30 min/d were 82.06% and 54.69%, respectively. The prevalence of less than 2 h/d or 3 h/d of outdoor activities were 95.20% and 83.26%, respectively. The prevalence of more than 2 h/d or 3 h/d of sitting time were 50.64% and 31.92%, respectively. The prevalence of more than 2 h/d or 3 h/d of screen time were 42.02% and 27.79%, respectively. The prevalence of sleep insufficiency, excessive sugary beverages consumption (≥ 1 time/d), and insufficient consumption of eggs, milk, and breakfast (<7 d/week) were 66.49%, 20.97%, 83.36%, 70.71%, and 34.34%, respectively. The prevalence of severe sleep insufficiency, excessive sugary beverages consumption (≥ 3 times/d), and insufficient consumption of eggs, milk, and breakfast (≤2 d/week) were 27.77%, 8.21%, 47.21%, 32.36% and 9.73%, respectively. Conclusion: In 2019, unhealthy lifestyle is common among Han students aged 6-22 years in China. It is of importance to propose policies to strengthen the health education and initiatives to support healthy behaviors in Han children and adolescents. Jointly promotion on the creation of a healthy environment for Han children and adolescents, and formulation of targeted improvement measures in accordance with the epidemic characteristics in various regions are essential to improve the healthy lifestyle of this population.

Research progress on risk factors related to intracranial artery, carotid artery, and coronary artery stenosis.

In recent decades, with the rapid development of economy, the acceleration of social aging and urbanization, and the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, the number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has shown an increasing trend year by year. It has also become one of the important causes of disability and death in all ages and groups. Atherosclerosis is the main pathological change of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which mainly invades the large and medium arteries of the body circulation. In particular, cerebral artery and coronary artery lesions have the most significant impact on life. There is the same pathogenic mechanism between intracranial and extracranial arteries and coronary atherosclerosis, so there is a certain relationship between the degree of atherosclerosis. In this paper, the risk factors related to intracranial and extracranial arteries and coronary artery stenosis were reviewed. It provides a theoretical basis for early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of intracranial and extracranial artery and coronary artery stenosis to reduce the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Comparison between early versus late pulmonary vein isolation in the management of atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia. The health burden of AF keeps increasing with the rising incidence of AF caused by the aging population and the high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of invasive rhythm control treatment in AF. Randomized controlled trials have shown superiority of an PVI strategy compared to conservative treatment. However, the best timing to perform a PVI to achieve the most optimal outcome is still unknown. Purpose To investigate whether the timing of performing PVI has consequences for the AF management in terms of medical cost, the number of repeated electrical cardioversion and hospitalisations and mortality. Methods In this monocentric retrospective observational study, all patients who underwent an electrical cardioversion and PVI between January 2012 and January 2020 were included using a hospital administrative data record. Follow-up data were collected up to a maximum of 67 months. Early PVI is defined as patients receiving a PVI after a first electrical cardioversion; late PVI is defined as patients receiving PVI after more than one electrical cardioversion. We compared the two groups for the mean medical cost, the number of repeated electrical cardioversions performed, any unplanned hospitalization associated with AF and mortality. Results A total of 407 patients were included in this analysis. Respectively, in the early versus the late PVI strategy groups, the mean age was 64.5 vs. 66.3 years (p=0.105) and the mean follow-up was 1630±843 vs. 2039±781 days (p&amp;lt;0.001). The mean medical cost since the first cardioversion was €8533 vs. €8987 (p=0.503), the number of additional electrical cardioversion performed was 0.4 vs 3.0 (p&amp;lt;0.001) and mortality rate was 2,8% vs. 0% (p=0.116). The Log-rank analysis showed a significant difference (p&amp;lt;0.001) between both groups in the time to first unplanned hospitalisation on cardiology ward after PVI in favor of early PVI strategy. Conclusions An early PVI tends to be superior to a late PVI strategy in the management of AF with less need for repeated electrical cardioversion and lower hospitalisation rate. Total medical cost and mortality rate were comparable in both approaches. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Инсулинорезистентность: фокус на патогенез кардиомиопатии

Insulin resistance is the main link of pathogenesis of a lot of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The combination of insulin resistance – associated disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, refers to metabolic syndrome. The increase in the number of patients with metabolic syndrome is due to a prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle and inappropriate di-etary pattern in the modern world, and is also partially associated with the trend of population aging in most developed countries. In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize the relevance of the link between insulin resistance and the development of a specific complication – metabolic cardiomyopathy. Given that the triggering event in pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy is alterations in substrate balance with following accumulation of lipotoxic metabolites in cardiomyocytes, the term “lipotoxic cardiomyopathy” has been proposed. This cardiomyodystrophy is associated with myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, which thereafter result into chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. Although the link between the lipotoxic cardiomyodystrophy and insulin resistance–associated disorders is quite close, till now all therapeutic strategies involving only complex therapy with antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs have not led to a decrease in the risk for cardiomyopathy. There is a need in searching for effective therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of both lipotoxic cardiomyody-strophy and associated chronic heart failure.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЖИЗНЕДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ И ЗДОРОВЬЯ УЧАЩИХСЯ ПОДРОСТКОВОГО ВОЗРАСТА (ПО ДАННЫМ МНОГОЦЕНТРОВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ)

The social and hygienic features of life and health of adolescents living in four regions of the Russian Federation (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Omsk and Pskov regions) have been studied. The regional features of life on the peculiarities of the family, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, and satisfaction with the organization of training and professional orientation of students, employment, as well as indicators of health and quality of life associated with health were studied. The best indicators of health and quality of life associated with health were observed in adolescents of Omsk region, with the best characteristics of living conditions. The importance of the development of comprehensive regional prevention programs to reduce the risks to the health of adolescents is substantiated.

Design and baseline characteristics of the PerfectFit study: a multicenter cluster-randomized trial of a lifestyle intervention in employees with increased cardiovascular risk.

BackgroundThe prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles and preventable chronic diseases is high. They lead to disabilities and sickness absence, which might be reduced if health promotion measures were applied. Therefore, we developed the PerfectFit health promotion intervention with a “blended care”-approach, which consists of a web-based health risk assessment (HRA) including tailored and personalized advice, followed by motivational interviewing (MI). We hypothesize that adding MI to a web-based HRA leads to better health outcomes. The objective is to describe the design and baseline characteristics of the PerfectFit study, which is being conducted among employees with high cardiovascular risk in the military workforce, the police organization and an academic hospital.MethodsPerfectFit is a cluster randomized controlled trial, consisting of two arms. Based on cardiovascular risk profiling, done between 2012 and 2014, we included employees based on one or more risk factors and motivation to participate. One arm is the ‘limited’ health program (control) that consists of: (a) an HRA as a decision aid for lifestyle changes, including tailored and personalized advice, and pros and cons of the options, and (b) a newsletter every 3 months. The other arm is the ‘extensive’ program (intervention), which is additionally offered MI-sessions by trained occupational physicians, 4 face-to-face and 3 by telephone, and is offered more choices of health promotion activities in the HRA. During the follow-up period, participants choose the health promotion activities they personally prefer. After six and twelve months, outcomes will be assessed by online questionnaires. After twelve months the cardiovascular risk profiling will be repeated. The primary outcome is self-reported general health. Secondary outcomes are self-reported work ability, CVD-risk score, sickness absence, productivity loss at work, participation in health promotion activities, changes in lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, stress management) and body mass index. Furthermore, a process evaluation and an economic analysis will be performed.DiscussionAdditional coaching using MI is expected to be a key factor for success of the web-based HRA in employees with increased cardiovascular risk. This “blended care”-approach may be an essential strategy for effective health promotion activities.Trial registrationDutch Trial Register by registration number NTR4894, 14/11/2014.

Prevalence of behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases among urban and rural population in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction The objective of the paper is to analyze and to assess prevalence of the major behavioral risk factors among adult population (25-64 years of age) in the rural and urban areas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBIH).Methods Data were taken from cross-sectional population survey on the health status population in the FBIH. To ensure a sample representative for the adult population in the FBIH it was applied the two-stage stratified systematic sample. The survey covered a total of 2735 adult population aged 25-64 years, of which 1087 in the urban areas and 1648 in rural areas.Results. The prevalence of smoking among men in rural areas is significantly higher than among men in urban areas (69% vs. 55%), while the prevalence of smoking among women is higher in urban than in rural areas (45% vs. 31%). There is no statistically significant difference in prevalence of obesity and physical activity according to the age groups among men and women in the urban and rural areas. The frequency of changes in behavior related to acquiring healthy living habits in the rural areas is statistically significant among men and women, while in the urban areas there is no statistical significance among the sexes.Conclusions. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in prevalence of factor risks in urban and rural areas. Prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles is high, and the results should be used to improve standard planning of health promotion-prevention programs.

Opioids for Back Pain Patients: Primary Care Prescribing Patterns and Use of Services

Opioid prescribing for noncancer pain has increased dramatically. We examined whether the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, psychologic distress, health care utilization, and co-prescribing of sedative-hypnotics increased with increasing duration of prescription opioid use. We analyzed electronic data for 6 months before and after an index visit for back pain in a managed care plan. Use of opioids was characterized as "none," "acute" (≤90 days), "episodic," or "long term." Associations with lifestyle factors, psychologic distress, and utilization were adjusted for demographics and comorbidity. There were 26,014 eligible patients. Of these, 61% received a course of opioids, and 19% were long-term users. Psychologic distress, unhealthy lifestyles, and utilization were associated incrementally with duration of opioid prescription, not just with chronic use. Among long-term opioid users, 59% received only short-acting drugs; 39% received both long- and short-acting drugs; and 44% received a sedative-hypnotic. Of those with any opioid use, 36% had an emergency visit. Prescription of opioids was common among patients with back pain. The prevalence of psychologic distress, unhealthy lifestyles, and health care utilization increased incrementally with duration of use. Coprescribing sedative-hypnotics was common. These data may help in predicting long-term opioid use and improving the safety of opioid prescribing.