Prevalence Of Transfusion-transmissible Viral Infections Research Articles

Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among hemodialysis patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in a developing country.

Background:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in hemodialysis patients varies geographically, both within and between countries. High prevalence of these infections in dialysis patients reflects the increased presence of common risk factors for their acquisition, including transfusion, transplantation, history of drug abuse, plus susceptibility to nosocomial transmission during dialysis.Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence and clinical profile of HIV, HBV, and HCV patient's on hemodialysis.Materials and Methods:Clinical and epidemiological data of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the dialysis unit of a teaching institution were obtained and analyzed over a 5 years' period.Results:A total of 127 males and 69 females were studied. Their mean age was 50.45 years. Out of the total 196 dialysis-dependent patients, 2 (1.02%) were seropositive for HIV antibodies, 6 (3.06%) were hepatitis B surface antigen positive, and 30 (15.30%) were anti-HCV antibody positive. There was no coexistence of HIV, HBV, and HCV markers. The major primary renal diseases in hemodialysis patients included diabetes mellitus (42%), hypertension (22%), chronic nephritis (15%), urologic diseases (6%), cystic renal diseases (4%), and others (11%).Conclusion:Prevalence of transfusion-transmissible viral infections was higher among hemodialysis patients, especially HCV infection which was an alarming situation and therefore strict adherence to infection control strategies, barrier precautions, and preventive measures, including routine hepatitis B vaccination and regular virological follow-up were recommended along with regular education and training programs of technical and nursing personnel's involved with dialysis patients.

Transfusion-transmissible viral infections among blood donors at the North Gondar district blood bank, northwest Ethiopia: A three year retrospective study.

BackgroundTransfusion-transmissible viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), remain a major public health problem in developing countries. The prevalence of these viral infections among blood donors may reflect the burden of these diseases among populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmissible viral infections among blood donors.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using data obtained from registration books of blood donors from the Ethiopian North Gondar District Blood Bank from 2010 to 2012. Descriptive statistics, such as percentages, medians and interquartile ranges were computed. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with each viral infection. The odds ratio with a 99% confidence interval was calculated. A p-value < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.ResultA total of 6,471 blood donors were included in the study. Of these, 5,311 (82.1%) were male, and 382 (5.9%) were voluntary blood donors. Overall, 424 (6.55%) of the blood donors were sero-reactive for at least one transfusion-transmissible viral infection. Of all study participants, 233 (3.6%) were sero-reactive for HBV, 145 (2.24%) were sero-reactive for HIV, and 51 (0.8%) were sero-reactive for HCV. Four (0.062%) of the study’s participants were co-infected: 3 (75%) with HBV-HCV and 1 (25%) with HIV-HBV-HCV. Being a farmer, unemployed or employed donor was significantly associated with transfusion-transmissible viral infections compared to being a student donor.ConclusionThe prevalence of transfusion-transmissible viral infections is substantial and has increased overtime. Hence, it demands more vigilance in routine screening of donated blood prior to transfusion. Further community-based studies to identify societal risk factors are necessary.

Seroepidemiology of Some Transfusion Transmissible Viral Infections in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

Background: Despite current efforts and availability of advanced technology such as nucleic acid amplification testing and Immunoassays, the risk of Transfusion Transmissible viral Infections (TTVIs) continues to exist. In low resource economies, where periodic large scale serosurveillance is impracticable; the use of donor seroprevalence to monitor the trends of epidemiologically significant TTVIs in adult population becomes imperative. This study therefore aimed to determine blood donor profile and seroepidemiology of HIV, HBV and HCV infection status in Jos North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study in which 510 prospective blood donors were recruited as they presented for donation at the National Blood Transfusion Service centre and Plateau Specialist Hospital Jos. Their blood samples were tested for HbsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV, using a third generation ELISA. Data analyzed with SPSS version 20, associations between categorical variables tested using Chi-square (χ2) test and P<0.05 was considered significant. There were 510 respondents, aged 18 to 65 years. Mean age ± SD was 30.20 ± 9.10. The overall prevalence of TTVIs was 15.5%. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV were 7.5%. 3.1% and 2.7% respectively, while that of co infection HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HBV/HCV were 1.6%; 0.2%; and 0.4% respectively. Conclusion: There is a decline in the prevalence of TTVIs in Jos, North-central Nigeria, and there is a significant association between educational level and blood donation (P<0.05). We recommend a need to sustain the present policies, and efforts, donor education, implementation of stringent donor eligibility criteria and use of more sensitive viral genome detection methods to further minimize the risk

Prevalence and trends of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among blood donors in Iran, 2004 through 2007

Evaluation and monitoring the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible viral infections in blood donors is a valuable index of donor selection and blood safety. This study analyzed the trends of blood-borne infections among Iranian blood donations during 4 years. Viral screening results of 6,499,851 allogeneic donations from 2004 through 2007 were analyzed. All donations were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections per 100,000 donations and 95% confidence interval was calculated. The p value was estimated by chi-square test. The prevalences of HBV, HCV, and HIV decreased during the 4-year study from 2004 through 2007. The overall prevalence was 0.56% for HBV, 0.004% for HIV, and 0.13% for HCV. There was a significant and impressive decrease in hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence from 0.73% in 2004 to 0.41% in 2007. The prevalence of HIV appeared to have decreased from 0.005% in 2004 to 0.004% in 2007 although the decrease was not significant. HCV prevalence showed a slight decline in blood donations from 0.14% in 2005 to 0.12% in 2007. The trends of transfusion-transmitted infection prevalence in Iranian blood donations suggest that most of the safety measures employed in recent years in Iran have been effective.

The risk of transfusion-transmissible viral infections in the Niger-Delta area of Nigeria

Background and objectives: Million\'s of lives are saved each year through blood transfusion. Nevertheless people have increased risk of becoming infected with transfusion - transmissible viral infections through transfusion of blood and blood products that have not been tested correctly. This study was undertaken to determine the risk of transfusion- transmissible viral infections through transfusion of unscreened blood and blood products. Methodology: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) screening was performed on 1500 consecutive blood donors in the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. Results: Of the one thousand five hundred blood donors screened, 15 (1%), 17 (1.1%) and 7 (0.5%) of donors had HIV, HBsAg and anti-HCV respectively. 12 (0.8%) had HIV-1 infection, 2 (0.1%) had HIV-2 while 1(0.07%) had dual HIV 1 and 2 infection. Two (0.1%) had co-infection of HIV and HBV. The highest HBsAg and anti-HCV burden occurred in the 18-27 years age group, 12/1026 (1.2%) and 7/1026 (0.7%) respectively, while the 28-37 years age group accounted for the highest infection burden for HIV 7/362 (1.9%). Males accounted for the highest infection burden for HBV 17/1481 (1.1%) and anti-HCV 7/1481 (0.1%) while female donors had the highest HIV prevalence 1/19 (5.3%). Commercial remunerated donors showed the highest HIV, HBsAg and anti-HCV infection rates (1.4%), (1 .7%) and (0.8%) respectively. Conclusion: This study confirms a high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible viral infections among blood donors and describes the groups that are at risk. This calls for the immediate implementation of a mandatory universal donor screening policy for screening all blood donor units intended for transfusion, the setting up of a national blood transfusion service, run on the basis of voluntary non remunerated, low risk blood donors, and health eduction of the entire Niger Delta area aimed at behavioural change from high risk behaviour that makes people vulnerable. Keywords : blood donors, transfusion, viral infection, Niger-Delta, Nigeria Sahel Medical Journal Vol. 8(1) 2005: 16-19