Prevalence Of Thyroid Nodules Research Articles

Sex-specific associations between the developmental alterations in the pituitary-thyroid hormone axis and thyroid nodules in Chinese euthyroid adults: a community-based cross−sectional study

BackgroundPrevious studies have revealed the sex-specific features of pituitary–thyroid hormone (TH) actions and the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) in children and adolescents. However, it was unclear in adults. We aimed to investigate the features of pituitary–TH actions in women and men at different ages, and the associations of thyrotropin (TSH), THs, and central sensitivity to THs indices including the thyroid feedback quantile-based index by FT4 (TFQIFT4) and the thyroid feedback quantile-based index by FT3(TFQIFT3) with of TNs in Chinese euthyroid adults.Methods8771 euthyroid adults from the communities in China were involved. Demographic, behavioral, and anthropometric data were gathered through the questionnaires. Ultrasound was performed to evaluate the TNs. TSH and THs levels were measured. The multivariable logistic regression and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were conducted.ResultsTFQIFT3 among both genders, except women aged 43 to 59 years, where it increased slightly. Additionally, there was an age-related decline in TFQIFT4 levels in both women and men at ages < 50 and < 53, respectively, but a marked increase after that. Lower TSH levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence and lower odds of having fewer TNs using multiple nodules as the base category in both men and women (both P for trend < 0.05). Additionally, lower TFQIFT3 and TFQIFT4 levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of TNs in women (both P for trend < 0.05), and lower TFQIFT3 levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of TNs in men. Both higher TFQIFT3 and TFQIFT4 levels were significantly associated with higher odds of having fewer TNs using multiple nodules as the base category in women. However, the relationships between TFQIFT4 and the prevalence or number of TNs in men were not found.ConclusionsThe trends of THs, TSH, TFQIFT4, and TFQIFT3 at different ages were sex-dependent. Both TFQIFT4 and TFQIFT3 levels were negatively associated with the prevalence and number of TNs in women. The present results may lead to a better understanding of the sex-specific relationships between the development of the pituitary-TH axis and the formation of TNs.

Association Between Iodine Status and Prevalence of Hypothyroidism, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Thyroid Nodule: a Cross-Sectional Study in Shandong Province, China.

In this study, the aim was to investigate the correlation between varying levels of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in adults and the occurrence of thyroid diseases, with the additional objective of determining the optimal iodine status level for adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults from six areas with different drinking water iodine concentrations (WIC) without eating iodized salt in Heze and Jining counties, Shandong Province, China. A total of 1336 adults were included in this study, and drinking water samples, blood samples, urine samples, thyroid ultrasound, and a questionnaire were collected. UIC, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were detected. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) among the different median UIC groups (UIC < 100μg/L, 100-199μg/L, 200-299μg/L, ≥ 300μg/L). However, the detection rates of hypothyroidism were higher in the UIC < 100μg/L group (16.67%) and the UIC ≥ 300μg/L group (16.51%) compared to the other groups. The detection rate of TAI increased as UIC levels increased. The detection rate of thyroid nodule (TN) in the UIC < 100μg/L group was significantly higher than that in the UIC 200-299μg/L UIC group (χ2 = 10.814, P = 0.001). After adjusting confounding factors, it was found that low UIC (< 100μg/L) was a risk factor for TN (OR 1.83, 95% CI [1.04-3.22]). Meanwhile, there no statistical difference between UIC 200 and 299μg/L and UIC 100 and199 μg/L for OR of hypothyroidism, TAI, and TN. This study identified associations between different UIC levels and the prevalence of thyroid disorders, with low UIC (< 100μg/L) posing a risk for TN, and the detection rate of TN and hypothyroidism was the lowest in UIC (200-299μg/L) group. Therefore, the acceptable UIC range of 'adequate' iodine intake among adults can be widened from 100-199µg/L to 100-299µg/L.

Prevalence and risk factors of thyroid nodules in breast cancer women with different clinicopathological characteristics: a cross-sectional study.

Association between breast cancer (BC) and thyroid nodules (TNs) is still unclear. This research was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of TN in Chinese BC women at initial diagnosis. 1731 Chinese early-stage BC women at initial diagnosis underwent thyroid ultrasound and 1:1 age-matched Chinese healthy women underwent health examination in corresponding period were enrolled for analysis. Prevalence of TN and TI-RADS ≥ 4 TN in BC patients (56.27% and 9.76%) were higher than healthy people (46.04% and 5.49%), respectively, P < 0.001. Among BC patients, prevalence of TN and TI-RADS ≥ 4 TN in hormone receptor (HR)-positive patients (59.57% and 11.81%) were higher than HR-negative patients (48.77% and 5.10%), respectively, P < 0.001, while without difference between HR-negative patients and healthy people. After adjusting for age and BMI, HR-positive patients had higher risk of TN (OR = 1.546, 95%CI 1.251-1.910, P < 0.001) and TI-RADS ≥ 4 TN (OR = 3.024, 95%CI 1.943-4.708, P < 0.001) than HR-negative patients. Furthermore, the risk of TI-RADS ≥ 4 TN was higher in patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive (OR = 2.933, 95%CI 1.902-4.524), progesterone receptor (PR) positive (OR = 1.973, 95%CI 1.378-2.826), Ki-67 < 20% (OR = 1.797, 95%CI 1.280-2.522), and tumor size < 2cm (OR = 1.804, 95%CI 1.276-2.552), respectively, P < 0.001. Prevalence of TN, especially TI-RADS ≥ 4 TN, in Chinese early-stage BC women was higher than healthy people. HR-positive patients had higher prevalence and risk of TN, while without difference between HR-negative patients and healthy people. The increased risk of TN was correlated with ER-positive, PR-positive, lower Ki-67 expression, and smaller tumor size.

Establishment and validation of a multivariate logistic model for risk factors of thyroid nodules using lasso regression screening.

This study aims to analyze the association between the occurrence of thyroid nodules and various factors and to establish a risk factor model for thyroid nodules. The study population was divided into two groups: a group with thyroid nodules and a group without thyroid nodules. Regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) was applied to the complete dataset for variable selection. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between various influencing factors and the prevalence of thyroid nodules. Based on the screening results of Lasso regression and the subsequent establishment of the Binary Logistic Regression Model on the training dataset, it was found that advanced age (OR=1.046, 95% CI: 1.033-1.060), females (OR = 1.709, 95% CI: 1.342-2.181), overweight individuals (OR = 1.546, 95% CI: 1.165-2.058), individuals with impaired fasting glucose (OR = 1.590, 95% CI: 1.193-2.122), and those with dyslipidemia (OR = 1.588, 95% CI: 1.197-2.112) were potential risk factors for thyroid nodule disease (p<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the Binary Logistic Regression Model is 0.68 (95% CI: 0.64-0.72). advanced age, females, overweight individuals, those with impaired fasting glucose, and individuals with dyslipidemia are potential risk factors for thyroid nodule disease.

Exploring salivary iodine concentration as a biomarker for iodine status and thyroid nodules in females from different water iodine areas: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIt is unclear whether salivary iodine concentration (SIC) can assess iodine status in females from different water iodine regions. ObjectiveThrough a cross-sectional study, we explored the feasibility of SIC as a biomarker to assess iodine status in females and develop optimal cut-off values. MethodsA total of 1991 females were analyzed in this cross-sectional study from the coastal iodine-deficient areas (CIDA), inland iodine-deficient areas (IIDA), iodine-adequate areas (IAA), iodine-excess areas (IEA), and iodine extra-high areas (IEHA). SIC, spot urine iodine concentration(SUIC), and daily total iodine intake (TII) were assessed, and ultrasonography was performed in all subjects. ResultsThere was a positive correlation between SIC and SUIC (r = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.64-0.69, P < 0.001), and TII (r = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.43-0.50, P < 0.001). The prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN) showed an upward trend with SIC increasing (Z = -2.83, P for trend =0.005). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for SIC to assess iodine deficiency was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.60-0.65, P < 0.001) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.73-0.77, P < 0.001) for iodine excess. The cut-off values were: SIC<93.32 μg/L, iodine deficiency; 93.32-224.60 μg/L, iodine adequacy; >224.60 μg/L, iodine excess. When SIC>224.60 μg/L, the odds ratio (OR) for UIC>300 μg/L, excessive TII, and the prevalence of TN were 6.44, 3.68, and 1.27 (95% CI: 4.98-8.31, 2.83-4.79, 1.02-1.56, respectively; P < 0.05); when SIC<93.32 μg/L, the OR for UIC<100 μg/L and insufficient TII were 2.34, and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.73-3.14, 1.33-2.83; P < 0.05). ConclusionsUsing SIC as a biomarker, females in CIDA exhibited mild iodine deficiency, those in IIDA and IAA demonstrated moderate iodine deficiency, and those in IEA and IEHA exhibited an excess of iodine, consistent with SUIC to assess iodine status. SIC can be used as a good biomarker to evaluate the iodine status in population.

Current State of Molecular Cytology in Thyroid Nodules: Platforms and Their Diagnostic and Theranostic Utility.

The high prevalence of thyroid nodules and increased availability of neck ultrasound have led to an increased incidence of diagnostic thyroid fine needle aspirations, with approximately 20% yielding indeterminate results. The recent availability of molecular tests has helped guide the clinical management of these cases. This paper aims to review and compare three main commercially available molecular cytology platforms in the U.S.-Afirma GSC, Thyroseq GC, and ThyGeNEXT + ThyraMIR. Sequential improvements of the Afirma GSC and Thyroseq GC tests have increased positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity. Comparative studies revealed similar diagnostic performance between these tests, with considerations for factors such as cost and processing time. Thyroseq GC provides detailed genomic information and specific management recommendations. ThyGeNEXT + ThyraMIR, though less studied, presents promising results, particularly in miRNA analysis for weak driver mutations. Challenges in interpreting results include variations in reporting and the evolving nature of testing platforms. Questions persist regarding cost-effectiveness and the utility of ultrasound characteristics in selecting candidates for molecular testing. While molecular testing has primarily served diagnostic purposes, advancements in understanding genetic alterations now offer therapeutic implications. FDA-approved options target specific genetic alterations, signaling a promising future for tailored treatments.

Relationship Between Urinary Iodine Concentration and the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

The aim of the study was to investigate the iodine intake in the resident population in Xi'an and analyze the relationship between iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules (TNs). A total of 2507 people were enrolled in Xi'an. Venous serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and thyroid ultrasonography were collected. Patients with abnormal TSH were checked for free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3). Adults in Xi'an had median UICs of 220.80 μg/L and 178.56 μg/l, respectively. A sum of 16.78% of people had subclinical hypothyroidism. Both iodine excess and iodine deficit increased the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism. The lowest was around 15.09% in females with urine iodine levels between 200 and 299 μg/l. With a rate of 10.69%, the lowest prevalence range for males was 100-199 μg/l. In Xi'an, 11.37% of people have TNs. In comparison to other UIC categories, TN occurrences were higher in females (18.5%) and males (12%) when UIC were below 100 μg/l. In conclusion, iodine intake was sufficient in the Xi'an area, while the adults' UIC remains slightly higher than the criteria. Iodine excess or deficiency can lead to an increase in the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients with iodine deficiency are more likely to develop TNs.

Prevalence, Molecular Landscape and Clinical Impact of DICER1 and DGCR8 Mutated Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Nodules.

Mutations in micro-RNA (miRNA) regulators DICER1 and DGCR8 have recently been uncovered, revealing a potential novel mechanism driving thyroid tumor development. However, the true frequency of these hotspot mutations in follicular-patterned thyroid tumors (FTs) and their relation to established driver gene events remains elusive. A total of 440 FTs from two institutions were interrogated for DICER1, DGCR8, and RAS family hotspot mutations using Sanger sequencing. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was also performed to identify additional driver gene aberrations in DICER1/DGCR8-mutant cases. Subsets of cases were further analyzed using miRNA expression profiling, and key dysregulated miRNAs were validated as markers of DICER1 mutations using qRT-PCR analysis. The TCGA database was also probed for DICER1/DGCR8 mutations and miRNA dysregulation. 14 (3.2%) and 4 (1%) FTs harbored DICER1 and DGCR8 hotspot mutations respectively in the combined cohort, and no cases with normal tissue available were found to exhibit a constitutional variant. Two DGCR8-mutant cases also harbored oncogenic RAS mutations. WES analysis did not identify additional driver gene events in DICER1/DGCR8-positive cases. Comprehensive miRNA expression profiling revealed a unique pattern of dysregulated miRNAs in DICER1/DGCR8-mutant cases compared to wild-type lesions. Moreover, DICER1-mutant cases showed a remarkable reduction of 5' arm miRNAs, findings which were corroborated in the TCGA cohort. DICER1 and DGCR8 hotspot mutations are rare in unselected cohorts of FTs, and mutated cases exhibit a specific miRNA profile. While DGCR8 mutations may co-exist with established RAS gene alterations, FTs with DICER1 variants were devoid of other driver gene events.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Thyroid Nodules Among 52,003 Chinese 'Healthy' Individuals in Beijing: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

The prevalence of thyroid nodules has been increasing, and there are few research data on the risk factors of thyroid nodules in the Chinese population. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of thyroid nodules by retrospectively investigating the physical examination records of a cohort of "healthy" individuals in Beijing, China. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The database of a Medical Examination Centre (MEC) was searched. Physical examination data, blood test data, and ultrasound examination data, etc., from 2015 to 2017 were accessed. Only those that recorded a thyroid ultrasound were included. Chi-square test and t-test were used to compare clinical features of individuals' age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, uric acid, and presence of fatty liver. Risk factors for thyroid nodules were determined using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 52,003 records, which included 19,901 cases with thyroid nodules, were examined. The overall prevalence rate was 38.3% (19,901/52,003): 30.2% (6,726/22,305) and 44.4% (13,175/29,698) in men and women, respectively. Of 52,003 cases, only 35,420 cases had records of all nodule-related metabolic abnormalities and were selected for cross-sectional determination of related risk factors of thyroid nodules. In male, relationships were found between thyroid nodules and increased age (p < 0.001), impaired fasting glucose (p = 0.044), diabetes (p = 0.047), decreased HDL-C (p = 0.018) and prostatic hyperplasia (p < 0.001). And in female, relationships were found between thyroid nodules and increased age (p < 0.001) and decreased HDL-C (p < 0.001). Thyroid nodules are common in China. This study found that thyroid nodules are associated with several metabolic indicators or metabolic diseases, although the mechanism is unclear. Further research is needed.

[Study on the correlation between thyroid nodule and metabolic index in physical examination population].

Objective: By analyzing the prevalence and influencing factors of thyroid nodules (TN) among a population undergoing physical examinations in Nantong region, this study aims to provide theoretical basis for early prevention and intervention of TN. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 6 950 participants who underwent physical examinations at the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2017 to April 2020. All participants underwent high-resolution ultrasound examination of the thyroid, and measurements of height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid (UA), homocysteine (HCY) and other metabolic indicators were detected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The numerical variables with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation (x¯±s), and the t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Numerical variables with non-normal distribution were expressed as median (interquartile range), namely M (Q1, Q3). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between multiple groups. Results: The prevalence of thyroid nodules among the 6 950 participants was 53.97% (3 751/6 950), with a rate of 47.08% (2 218/4 711) in males and 68.47% (1 533/2 239) in females, which was significantly higher in females than in males (χ2=278.575, P<0.001). The prevalence of TN increased with age both overall (χ2=552.145, P<0.001), in males (χ2=304.086, P<0.001), and in females (χ2=202.178, P<0.001). The prevalence of TN was higher in females than in males across different age groups (P<0.05). In the comparison between males in the TN and non-TN groups, significant differences were found in terms of alcohol consumption history, BMI, blood pressure, HCY, and FBG (all P<0.05). In the comparison between females in the TN and non-TN groups, significant differences were found in terms of BMI, blood pressure, HCY, FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C, and UA (all P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression model showed that FBG<6.1 mmol/L (P<0.001) and TC<5.2 mmol/L (P=0.013) were protective factors for TN. Normal UA (P=0.013) was a risk factor for TN. After adjusting for gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, and blood pressure, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that FBG<6.1 mmol/L (OR: 0.713, 95%CI: 0.621-0.817, P<0.001) was a protective factor against TN. Conclusion: The prevalence of TN is relatively high in the Nantong region. Gender, age, blood pressure, BMI, and FBG are important influencing factors for TN. Health screening and management should be strengthened for the physical examination population with abnormal indicators.

Thyroid Nodule Correlation with Serum Prolactin and TPO Antibody Levels: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: The prevalence of thyroid nodules poses a grave clinical concern as they may lead to malignancy. Prolactin has been found to have anti-cell death properties and stimulates the growth of breast and prostate cells, as has been discovered in exploratory examinations. In light of this, the current research was designed to investigate whether a possible relationship exists between thyroid nodules and serum prolactin levels. Material and Methods: Ninety participants were enrolled in this study, of which 60 presented with thyroid nodules (30 antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positive and 30 TPO-Ab negative) and 30 without thyroid nodules (control group). Patients' serum prolactin, TPO-Ab, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T4 values, and thyroid ultrasound reports were scrutinized. Statistically significant outcomes were determined by a P-value less than 0.05. Results: Serum TSH, prolactin, and TPO-Ab levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P=0.041, 0.050, and 0.000, respectively). The case group had more instances of hyperprolactinemia than the control group (35% vs. 13.3%) (OR=3.5, CI 95%=1.08-11.38, P=0.031). Furthermore, the TPO-Ab positive group demonstrated greater solidity than the TPO-Ab negative group (93.3% vs. 73.3%, P=0.038). Conclusion: The present study confirmed the presence of a positive correlation between thyroid nodules and increased serum TSH, prolactin, and TPO-Ab levels. Furthermore, TPO-Ab positive nodules exhibited greater solidity and elevated TSH levels.

Prevalence of thyroid nodule and its association with β-cell autoantibodies in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without thyroid dysfunction

Prevalence of thyroid nodule and its association with β-cell autoantibodies in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without thyroid dysfunction

THU587 High Prevalence Of Primary Aldosteronism Diagnosis In Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer And Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Case-control Study

Abstract Disclosure: A.W. Maciel: None. T. Freitas: None. D.L. Danilovic: None. G.F. Fagundes: None. F. Freitas-Castro: None. L. Santana: None. A. Guimaraes: None. A. Pio-Abreu: None. J. V. Silveira: None. F. Consolim-Colombo: None. L. Bortolotto: None. M.C. Fragoso: None. A. Latronico: None. L. Drager: None. B.B. Mendonca: None. A.O. Hoff: None. M.Q. Almeida: None. Introduction: Aldosterone excess can cause oxidative stress leading to DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Single case reports demonstrated a coincidence of primary aldosteronism (PA) with different malignancies. A higher prevalence of thyroid nodules and non-toxic multinodular goiter was described in patients with PA compared to those with essential hypertension (HT). A single study showed an association between PA and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but without a paired control group. Objective: To assess PA prevalence in a transversal cohort of patients with PTC and HT compared to a paired control group with HT. Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, PA was investigated in all patients with PTC and HT (n= 114), regardless of HT severity, under active surveillance at a cancer institute from 2019 to 2022. The control group included 228 (2:1) age-, sex- and body mass index (BMI)-matched individuals from a retrospective cohort of HT previously investigated for PA from 2011 to 2022. Serum aldosterone and plasma direct renin concentrations were measured by a chemiluminescent immunoassay. A positive PA screening was defined by aldosterone ≥10 ng/dL and aldosterone to renin ratio ≥2 ng/dL/μUI/mL. Results: Age, sex and BMI were not statistically different between PTC and control groups, respectively (age 59.8 ± 12 vs. 58.9 ± 12.3 yrs, p= 0.67; 79% vs. 81% women, p= 0.67; BMI 30.7 ± 5.8 vs. 30.8 ± 6.5 Kg/m2, p= 0.98). PA was diagnosed in 35 out of 114 PTC patients with HT. The prevalence of PA in the PTC group (30.5%, confidence interval (IC) 22.6%-40.1%) was significantly higher when compared to the paired control group with HT (11.84%, CI 8.08%-16.93%; p&amp;lt; 0.0001). Although PA prevalence was higher in the PTC group, only 20.2% had stage 3/resistant HT (vs. 38% in the control group, p= 0.003). The number of anti-hypertensive medications was lower in the PTC group compared to controls (2 drugs, 1 to 3 vs. 4 drugs, 3 to 5, respectively; p&amp;lt; 0.001). When analyzing only PA patients in both groups, frequency of stage 3/resistant HT and number of medications were lower in the PTC group (p&amp;lt; 0.001 and p&amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). Although HT was more severe in PA patients without PTC, aldosterone and renin levels were not different in PA patients from PTC and control groups, respectively (p= 0.15 and p= 0.34). Conclusion: PA prevalence was strikingly high among patients with PTC and HT, supporting the recommendation of PA screening in this patient group, regardless of HT severity. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

SAT497 Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Cancer in A Patient With Steinert’s Disease

Abstract Disclosure: A.P. Solis Pazmiño: None. M. Arboleda Carvajal: None. R. Godoy: None. C. Garcia: None. Background: Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is a non-surgical, minimally invasive technique for benign or microcarcinoma thyroid nodule (TN); and it has emerged as an alternative option for patients deemed at high risk for surgery. Steinert’s Disease or Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic multisystem disease that affects almost all organs and tissues, including the thyroid. In these patients the prevalence of TN is increased, regardless they are benign or malignant. Patients with DM1 commonly have post-anesthetic complications such as cardiorespiratory arrest. Clinical Case: A young man diagnosed with DM1 and no other comorbidities came to the office for a TN. The patient was asymptomatic and had normal thyroid function. Nothing relevant was found on physical examination, and no cervical lymph nodules were found. The thyroid ultrasonography (US) showed a 12x11x13 mm solid isoechoic left lobe nodule, with microcalcifications, irregular borders and the color-flow Doppler US detected increased perfusion, classifying it as a TI-RADS 5 nodule, elastography score of 2.2, and Bethesda VI. Due to DM1 high risk of surgery, the patient underwent RFA with no complications and successful recovery. Results: At the first month follow-up after RFA, the thyroid nodule was fibrosed with a size of 10x14x15 mm and with a volume of 1,11 cc. The thyroid function was normal without late complications. Conclusions: RFA is a non-invasive and effective technique for the treatment of benign and malignant TN. It is safe and very useful in cases where surgery is contraindicated or in patients with a high probability of post-surgical or post-anesthetic complications. Data on a longer follow-up are needed to confirm long-term efficacy. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in Northeast China: a cross-sectional population-based study

ObjectivesThis study examined the association between anthropometric measurements, lifestyle factors and the prevalence of thyroid nodules among adults in Northeast China.DesignWe employed a cross-sectional approach involving a questionnaire survey, which...

Influence of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors on thyroid nodules in Chinese adult men: a cross-sectional study.

Given the high prevalence of thyroid nodules and the potential for malignancy, it is imperative to understand the various factors that contribute to their development. This study aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle, and thyroid nodules in adult men in southern China. This study enrolled a total of 183,990 subjects at a medical examination center in a general hospital in southern China between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle factors, and thyroid nodules. Furthermore, structural equation modeling elucidated the intricate relationships among these variables. The prevalence of thyroid nodules among Chinese adult males was 14.9%. Several factors were identified as risk factors for thyroid nodules, including advanced age, irregular meal time, smoking or quitting smoking, quitting drinking, heavy manual labor, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and centripetal obesity, and those belonging to ethnic minorities and drinking alcohol were found to be protective factors against thyroid nodules. Structural equation modeling highlighted metabolic syndrome's mediating role amidst lifestyle influences on thyroid nodules. The prevalence of thyroid nodules in Chinese adult males is relatively moderate to low. The factors identified in this study can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and develop targeted screening strategies for the timely detection of thyroid nodules. However, further mechanistic research and longitudinal studies are necessary to explore the underlying causes and establish causal relationships.

Fully automated thyroid ultrasound screening utilizing multi-modality image and anatomical prior

There is a high prevalence of thyroid nodules in the general population. Early detection is essential for the treatment of malignant thyroid nodules. Ultrasound has the advantage of being non-invasive and radiation-free, and is sufficient for early diagnosis of malignant nodules. However, ultrasound image acquisition relies on manual manipulation of the probe by the sonographer, making it difficult to screen populations for malignant thyroid nodules. Robotic ultrasound systems (RUS) are expected to replace sonographers in ultrasound scanning and improve the standardization and reproducibility of ultrasound examinations. However, there is currently no RUS that can fully autonomously screen for thyroid nodules. In this paper, we propose a fully automated two-step search method that mimics a physician's thyroid scanning protocol. First, using the body surface structure observed by the RGBD camera, we use a bimodal detection network for the initial localization of the human neck. The bimodal detection network achieves an average accuracy of 0.986. Second, we designed a tracking strategy based on the anatomical prior of the human neck to navigate the probe for thyroid ultrasound acquisition. An network-based visual servoing method enables shadow prevention and target tracking to be performed uniformly. In vitro experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the protocol.

Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in patients with thyroid nodules: the impact of incidental diagnosis.

The prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN) in the general population has increased as screening procedures are implemented and an association with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the reason leading to the diagnosis of TN and to compare the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed incidentally with those of patients diagnosed for thyroid-related reasons. We designed a retrospective cross-sectional study including consecutive patients with TN from two high-volume hospital-based centers for thyroid diseases (Pavia and Messina) in Italy. Data regarding reason leading to TN diagnosis, age, sex, BMI, presence of cardio-metabolic comorbidities were collected. Among the 623 enrolled subjects, the US diagnosis of TN was prompted by thyroid-related reasons in 421 (67.6%, TD group) and incidental in 202 (32.4%, ID group) with a similar distribution in the two centers (p = 0.960). The ID group patients were more frequently males (38.6% vs 22.1%, p < 0.001) and significantly older (58.9 ± 13.7 vs 50.6 ± 15.5years, p < 0.001) than the TD group ones, and had a higher rate of cardiovascular comorbidities (73.8% vs 47.5%, p < 0.001), despite having a similar BMI (27.9 ± 5.2 vs 27.8 ± 13.5, p = 0.893). Stratification of patients with TN according to the diagnostic procedure leading to diagnosis allows a better epidemiological characterization of this inhomogeneous and large population.

Prevalence and incidence of thyroid nodule and its risk factors; a population-based prospective cohort study in iodine-sufficient area

Prevalence and incidence of thyroid nodule and its risk factors; a population-based prospective cohort study in iodine-sufficient area

Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Thyroid Morphology and Thyroid Function.

Few studies have evaluated the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on thyroid function and morphology, and how it correlates to inflammatory and metabolic markers. We aimed to evaluate all those parameters together. A longitudinal study included 70 patients with severe obesity. The bariatric group (BG) enrolled 40 patients who underwent BS, and the control group (CG) enrolled 30 patients who did not undergo BS. Both were submitted (pre- and 2nd-year) to thyroid ultrasound and laboratory analyses to determine the levels of thyroid hormones, inflammatory, and metabolic markers. Thyroid volume (TV) decreased after BS (-1.5 cm3), differing significantly from the CG (+0.6 cm3; p = 0.003). ΔTV was independently and positively correlated with ΔHOMA-IR (0.41 (0.11/7.16) p = 0.007) and ΔIL6 (0.02 (0.01/0.3) p = 0.016). A nonsignificant correlation between ΔTV and ΔBMI was detected (0.38 (-0.01/0.09) p = 0.152). We also observed a negative correlation between ΔTV and ΔTSH (-2.03 (-2.87/-1.19) p = 0.000) and ΔT3/T4 ratio (-0.06 (-0.09/-0.02) p = 0.001). TSH had a nonsignificant reduction with BS (-0.3872 vs. -0.2483 p = 0.128). The conversion of T4 to T3 had a significant increase after BS, as demonstrated by the T3/T4 ratio (+5.16 p = 0.01). Despite an increase in the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the BG, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.340). BS was associated with a reduction in TV and a nonstatistically significant reduction in TSH. The variations in TV were related to the metabolic markers and inflammatory changes. An increase in the conversion of T4 to T3 with BS was detected, possibly related to inflammatory improvement.