Prevalence Of Third Molar Impaction Research Articles

Prevalence and Pattern of Tooth Impaction: A Radiographic Study in a Trinidadian Population.

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of impacted third molars in a Trinidadian population. A total of 1500 orthopantomograms (OPG) taken at the School of Dentistry, University of the West Indies, from 2008 to 2019 in patients between 15 and 67 years old were evaluated. From the data collected, the prevalence of third molar impaction, the parameters of gender, angulation, level of impaction, and associated pathologies were evaluated. Other types of impacted teeth were also recorded. Of the 1500 OPG viewed, 408 (27.2%) of the study sample presented with at least one impacted third molar. 161 (39.5%) were males and 247 (60.5%) were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.5. There was a greater incidence of mandibular third molars versus maxillary third molars, which had a frequency of 77.9% and 22.1%, respectively. The most common type of impaction (Winter's classification) was horizontal in the mandible and distoangular in the maxilla. The most common level of impaction in the mandible (Pell and Gregory classification) was level 1A. The total number of impacted teeth was 775, and of these, 75 (9.7%) showed other impacted teeth besides the third molars. Canines and second premolars were the most prevalent with 7.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Caries on the second molar (49.3%) and third molars (40%) were the most frequently associated pathologies identified. The prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth in this study was 27%. These results raise awareness and provide insight among dental professionals in Trinidad as to the prevalence of impacted third molars, their patterns, as well as commonly associated pathologies, and the need for screening within the population.

Relationship between the Position of the Mandibular Third Molar with Different Vertical Skeletal Dimensions on the Panoramic Images in Patients Referred to Isfahan (Khorasgan) University Dental School

Introduction: Due to the increased prevalence of third molar impaction and the complications and existence of disagreements regarding the predicting factors for the impaction of this tooth, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the position of the mandibular third molar with different vertical skeletal dimensions on the panoramic images.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on lateral cephalogram and orthopantomogram records of 130 orthodontic patients visiting to Isfahan (Khorasgan) University Dental School. Age range of the sample was 20-35 years. Various facial forms were determined with mandibular plane angle (SN-GoGn), jarabak index and Y-axis; S-GN– Frankfort plane. Beta angle; which is the angle between intersecting long axis of mandibular second molar and mandibular third molar was measured to determine the angle of eruption of mandibular third molar. Eruption pattern was classified as per Pell & Gregory and winter’s system. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test (p value < 0.05).Results: There was a significant difference in the frequency distribution of growth pattern on the left side of the jaw (p value = 0.048). There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of the eruption pattern in the right side of the jaw (p value = 0.11). There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of eruption surface in the right face between different facial forms (p value = 0.49) But on the left side of the jaw there was a significant difference between the three facial forms (p value = 0.049). Frequency distribution of mandibular third molar impaction was significantly different between the three facial forms (p value = 0.03). There was no significant difference between the three facial forms in terms of frequency of eruption angle in the right side of the jaw (p value = 0.25) and also in the left side of the jaw (p value = 0.15).Conclusion: The incidence of impaction was significantly more in patients with long face than in other two groups. The prevalence of surface and pattern of third molar eruption in only one side of jaw was significantly different between the three facial forms. There was no significant difference between the frequency of angle of eruption and facial skeletal types in both jaws.

Third Molar Impactions Prevalence and Pattern Among Adults Using 5923 Digital Orthopantomogram

Background: Third molars positions and eruption patterns tend to be unpredictable in most cases. Substantial diversity exists globally among modern human races in the prevalence of third molar impaction. Aims and Method: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of third molar impaction amongBangladeshi adults. Digital panoramic radiographs of 5923 patientswith the mean age of 35.90 ± 10.76 years olds were retrieved from database and evaluatedusingPlanmecaRomexis software.Demographics, gender and sidedifferences wereanalysed using SPSSversion 26.0. Result:Approximately, 46.2% of the adult population had third molar impaction where significant impaction occurred in the mandible compared to maxillary arch. However, no significant differences were observed among gender and side distribution. The most common type of third molar angulation in the maxilla and mandible was distoangular (55.9%) and mesioangular (36.6%), respectively.Comprehension of demographic and morphological variations in third molar impaction will lead to an understanding of third molar impaction assessment, which will aid in understanding the evolutionary origins of an important condition adversely affecting modern peoples. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 717-729

Pattern of third molar impactions in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia: A 10-year retrospective study.

Third molar impaction, if left untreated, has the potential to cause several complications. The evaluation of surgical difficulty of impacted third molar extraction aids in better formulation of treatment plan by minimizing surgical complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of third molar impaction and related pathologic conditions in a cohort of patients living in North-eastern Peninsular Malaysia. In this retrospective study, 490 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of patients who were referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department between January 2010 and December 2019 were assessed. Data including age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of third molar impactions, their angulations and levels of eruption, retromolar space, and associated pathologic conditions were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The significance level was set to P < 0.05. A total of 490 patients with a mean age of 28.87 years (range: 20-64) demonstrated 1957 impacted third molars (1022 mandibular + 935 maxillary). Impacted third molars were more likely present in females than males (1:2.20) (p < 0.05); and in Malay-ethnic (44.49%) patients followed by Chinese (34.45%) and Indians (21.02%). Mesioangular was the most common angulation of impaction both in the maxilla (24.68%) and mandible (18.34%). The most common pattern of third molar impaction was IIA (61.67%), and the retromolar space was significantly larger in males (13.6 mm; P < 0.05) than females (11.6 mm). The most frequently occurring pathological condition associated with third molars impaction is dental caries in the second or third molar (15.38%). This study highlights mesioangular impaction with their occlusal plane at the same level as the occlusal plane of the adjacent tooth being the most prevalent pattern of third molar impaction in North-eastern Peninsular Malaysia.

Radiographic evaluation of third molar impaction: A digital panoramic stud

Background: The impaction of third molar can compromise adjacent teeth by increasing the risk of developing dentoalveolar lesions. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of impacted third molar in association to patients' demographics and its angulation among patients who visited dental clinics at the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Settings and Design: Retrospective radiographic study of patients visiting Dental Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the dental records and digital orthopantomogram (OPG) of included study sample. Statistical Analysis: The Chi-square test was used to determine the association of impacted third molars with sex and nationality, whereas another two methods, analysis of variance, and Tukey post hoc test were applied, respectively, to establish the association of impacted third molars with the age of the patients. Results: A total of 1286 OPGs were collected and analyzed for the suitability of the study. Of these 1068 patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study, among them, 206 (19.3%) had at least one impacted third molar. Female population had a significantly high prevalence of third molars compared to male (P = 0.02). Similarly, the age of the patients was found to be significantly associated with impacted teeth (P < 0.001); also, the vertical and mesioangular impactions were found in 46.5% and 32.2% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: The study found a low female predilection for the prevalence of third molar impaction with highest inclination at the young age that decreases with the growing age. Vertical impaction had the highest prevalence followed by mesioangular angulation.

Prevalence of impacted third molars among orthodontic patients in different malocclusions.

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of third molar impaction and missing third molars in patients over 18 years in different anteroposterior skeletal patterns among central Indian populations. The study reviewed 357 orthopantomograms of patients attending the Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Patients were evaluated to determine the prevalence of third molar impaction, angulation, and level of eruption in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients using Winter's classification to determine angulation of third molars and Pell and Gregory classification for level of impaction. Out of 357 patients, 187 (52.3%) were present with at least one impacted teeth. The third molar impaction was most commonly present in Class II malocclusion (60.65%). Overall, the most common angulation of impaction in both genders was the mesioangular (39%), and the most common level of impaction in both arches was Level B. In Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion vertical angulation was the most common finding in the maxillary arch and mesioangular angulation in the mandibular arch. No significant association was observed between different types of malocclusion and third molar impaction (P > 0.4648). This study found that almost half of the adult patients above 18 years had at least one impacted third molar. The anteroposterior relationship does not have any significant role for the third molar impaction.

Theories that underlie the prevalence of third molar impaction: New theory

IntroductionThe purpose of this review was to introduce a new theory being the mechanical theory which hypothesizes that modernization is related to a reduction in the functional activities of the jaw which in turn negatively impacted the structure of the jaw, mandibular teeth line. A secondary aim was to briefly review the evolution and growth theories. Based on the information that were reviewed, it was found that modern societies possess higher prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Materials & methodsThe proposed mechanical theory is an added value to explain the impact of modernization on the prevalence of impacted third molar. During this transition societal factors and peoples’ quality of life changes people’s eating behavior and the associated activities of the mastication apparatus, jaw activities. The aim of this review was to introduce a new theory being the mechanical theory which hypothesizes that modernization is related to a reduction in the functional activities of the jaw which in turn negatively impacted the structure of the jaw, mandibular teeth line. A secondary aim was to briefly review the evolution and growth theories. ConclusionBased on the information that were reviewed, it was found that modern societies possess higher prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The proposed mechanical theory is an added value to explain the impact of modernization on the prevalence of impacted third molar.

Is There a Possible Association between Skeletal Face Types and Third Molar Impaction? A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Objective: Third molar impaction is seen much more than impaction of any other tooth as they are the last teeth to erupt. Inadequate retromolar space and the direction of eruption may be contributing factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between third molar impaction and different skeletal face types. Subjects and Methods: Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 158 orthodontic patients (aged 19–25 years) were retrieved from the archived records of the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. Third molar impaction was classified on the basis of Winter’s classification. The skeletal facial type was determined by a measure of the angle created by the lines Ba-Na and Pt-Gn. The mean was 90 ± 2 and this value was regarded as mesofacial. An angle of > 93° was regarded as brachyfacial and an angle of < 87° as dolichofacial. Results: The overall presence of mandibular and maxillary third molar impactions was 65.2 and 38.6%, respectively. Although there was a statistically significant difference between different skeletal facial types and mandibular third molar impaction (p < 0.05), no statistically significant differences were observed between different skeletal facial types and maxillary third molar impaction (p > 0.05). Brachyfacials demonstrated a lower prevalence of third molar impaction than dolichofacials. Conclusions: Different skeletal face types were associated with mandibular third molar impaction. Brachyfacials, who have a greater horizontal facial growth pattern than dolichofacials, showed a lower prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars.

Prevalence and Pattern of Third Molar Impaction among Residents of District Panchkula, India

valence varies from one geographic location to another.AIM: To assess the prevalence of third molar Impaction among residents of District Panchkula, IndiaMATERIALS AND METHODS: The study adopted a cross-sectional study design and impacted molars that were observed during routine diagnostic procures that required the taking of an IOPAR were selected, after which, the patients were advised to go for an OPG to determine the number of impacted teeth as well as the angulation of those teeth.RESULTS: The study comprised of 306 study subjects, with a majority of them being males (194, 63.4%); The most frequent number of third molar impactions were of one teeth (163, 53.3%), followed by two teeth (96, 31.4%). Mesioangular impaction (170, 55.5%) was the most common type, followed by vertical impactions (82, 29.8%). A significant difference was observed upon comparison of location and gender (p=0.04%). Odds’ Ratio (OR) analysis also found that males were 1.6 times more prone of having impactions as compared to females.CONCLUSION: Upon suspicion of having the presence of impacted molars, dentists of Panchkula region are advised to take an OPG and manage the same accordingly so that complications arising from an impacted tooth can be avoided.

Variant root morphology of third mandibular molar in normal and impacted teeth

The mandibular third molar poses a challenge to dental surgeons due to it’s unpredictable morphology which leads to increased difficulty during its extraction. The root morphology of the third molar is considered to be the most variable in the human dentition. The study aims to document these variations which will be useful while undertaking procedures on the third molar. Three hundred and fifty nine panoramic views of the mandible were obtained from the Radiology division for patients seeking treatment in the School of Dental Sciences since 2010. The prevalence of third molar impaction was found to be 27%, with mesioangular being the commonest at 21.9% using the Winter’s classification. Dilacerations of roots was recorded at 44%, with a ratio of normal to dilacerated of 1:1 seen in impacted teeth while, non impacted teeth had a ratio of 1.3:1. Most teeth had 2 roots (85.5%), with one root seen in 12.1%. Partially fused roots was also observed in 2.4% of cases with only one case showing three roots. The total mean distance from the tips of roots to the mandibular canal was -0.5mm. Higher negative means of -1.5mm was recorded in impacted teeth than in normal teeth (-0.2mm). Teeth with dilacerated roots also showed closer proximity to mandibular canal than straight rooted teeth. The left side of the jaw also showed higher negative means. Present findings suggest that careful considerations should be made on impacted teeth. In addition to the type of impaction, proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), number of roots and shape of the roots should be assessed. Similar considerations should also be made to non impacted teeth due to the high unpredictability observed in root morphology.Keywords: Third molar, root morphology, impaction

Prevalence of third molar impaction in patient with mandibular anterior teeth crowding

Introduction: Third molar impaction has been a controversial topic among clinician when it comes to mandibular anterior teeth crowding. The aim is to know the prevalence of third molar impaction in patient with mandibular anterior teeth crowding in Orthodontic Department, RSGM UNPAD, Indonesia. Methods: This was a descriptive research, with non-probability sampling obtained from a population with full arch 32 teeth. Totaling 54 samples from year 2011 to 2014 were obtained. The age of sample range from 15 to 25 years old. Also all panoramic radiographs taken from the year 2011 to 2014 were examined using a computer. The position of third molars were determined by Winter’s classification using angle formed between the intersected longitudinal axes of the second and third molars and anterior teeth status by using Little’s irregularities index. Results: This study obtained data that as much as 68.52% mesioangular third molar, 19.44% distoangular, 4.63% horizontal, 1.85% buccolingual and 0% others. In mesioangular impaction condition there was crowding 83.78%, in distoangular condition there was 100% crowding, in horizontal position crowding found 100%, while at buccolingual crowding found 100%.Conclusion: In all positions the third molar impaction was accompanied by crowding of the mandible anterior teeth, with the largest percentage of impaction was the mesioangular position

Prevalence of third molar impaction in orthodontic patients treated nonextraction and with extraction of 4 premolars

The purposes of this study were to confirm that premolar extraction treatment is associated with mesial movement of the molars concomitant with an increase in the eruption space for the third molars and to test the hypothesis that such treatment reduces the frequency of third molar impaction. Lateral cephalograms, panoramic or periapical radiographs, and study models made before (T1) and after (T2) treatment and a minimum of 10 years postretention (T3) of 157 patients were selected from the postretention sample at the Department of Orthodontics of the University of Washington, Seattle. Treatment for 105 patients included the extraction of 4 premolars; the other 53 were treated nonextraction. These patients represented all the extraction and nonextraction patients in the sample who had at least 1 third molar at T1 or T2 and who showed evidence of full eruption or closure of the root apex at T2 or T3. Student t tests showed higher scores for third molar impaction (P < .01), less mesial movement of the molars from T1 to T2 (P < .01), and smaller retromolar space at T2 (P < .001) in both arches of the nonex patients than in the ex patients. Similarly, molar movement was more mesial from T1 to T2 in the maxilla (P < .01) and in the mandible (P < .05), and the retromolar space was larger in both arches (P < .001) of the patients with eruption than in those with impaction of the third molars. Our results suggest that premolar extraction therapy reduces the frequency of third molar impaction because of increased eruption space concomitant with mesial movement of the molars during space closure. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:138-45)