Prevalence Of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Research Articles

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders Among Dental Students of College of Dentistry-Hawler Medical University.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions affecting the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement, can cause pain and discomfort in the jaw, face, and neck, and affect a person's ability to speak, chew, and swallow. Aim: The present study aims to specify the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder among dental students of Hawler Medical University. Method: The research conducted involved a group of 120 dental students, with an equal number of males and females from Hawler Medical University. The required data were collected by developing a particular questionnaire by modifying Fonseca's questionnaire. The study was performed during a period of one month from January to February. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to determine the severity of the pain and dysfunction in the participant's muscles. Results: More than 75% of the participants had no deviation. In 65.8% of the students, class 1 occlusion was observed. Trauma was observed in just 12.5% of the participants. Bite and bruxism habits were observed in 24.2% and 10% of the students respectively. Moreover, 30% of students had disturbed sleep. Severe TMJ pain was reported in 4.2% and 0.8% of females and males respectively. Conclusions: The occurrence of TMD among males was less than among females. Most of the participants had mild TMJ pain. There was a significant association between symptoms of TMD and para-functional habits. Keywords: Temporomandibular disorder, Temporomandibular joint, Fonseca's questionnaire.

Examination-Related Stress Leads to Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Medical and Dental Students - An Institutional-Based Study

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Stress-related behaviors such as challenging academic atmosphere and rigorous examinations exert a negative impact on the normal function of temporomandibular joint. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and their association with examination-related stress among medical (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) and dental (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) students.</p>
 <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional survey was conducted at Fatima Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan, from June 2022 to November 2022 using the Fonseca’s Questionnaire. A total of 198 medical and dental students were included as study participants. They were required to select just 1 response for each of the 10 items mentioned in the adopted but customized and validated questionnaire. TMD was categorized as mild, moderate, severe, or no TMD based on the sum of these responses. The data were analysed using statistical software and a p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was set as significant.</p>
 <p><strong>Results:</strong> There were 52 (26.2%) males and 146 (73.7%) females with a mean age of 24.2 +1.22 years. Among 198 students, 104 were dental students while 94 were medical students. The prevalence of TMD was found to be 63.6% among all students. There was no TMD in 36.4% of students while 42.9% of students had mild TMD, and moderate and severe TMD was found in 14.1% and 6.6% of students, respectively. Mild (74%) and severe (6.7%) TMD were more prevalent in dental students than in medical students while moderate TMD was found more in medical students (16%). However, these differences were statistically not significant between dental and medical students (p > 0.005).</p>
 <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> TMD was found in both medical and dental students with no significant difference in severity between them. The study indicates the need to take on certain preventive and therapeutic strategies to address this disorder among anxiety-prone medical and dental students.</p>

Study of Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders among Undergraduate Students

Temporo-mandibular joint function has been extensively studied for more despite extensive investigation, the complicated etiology of TMJ dysfunction has remained a mystery for more than a century. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a sub - class of painful orofacial conditions characterized by complaints of pain in the region of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), difficulty concentrating craniocervicofacial muscles, especially mastication muscles, limitations of mandibular movement, and the presence of articular clicking. Emotional stress, occlusal interferences, tooth loss, postural deviation, muscles of mastication neuromuscular both internal and external dysfunction anomalies in Temporo-mandibular joint anatomy, and the multiple interrelationships between these factors all contribute to the complicated etiology of TMD.Aim: Determine the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder between college students. The sample for this sectional potential study consisted of 691 college students (339 male and 352 female). Self-reported questionnaires were used to determine the incidence and severity of TMJ disorders. By virtue of the quantity and frequency of notable replies, the rankings were upgraded to an intensity ranking. Results:56.6% of students reported some level of TMD, including 39.7% with mild TMD, 12.2% with moderate TMD, and 4.6% with severe TMD. Historically, no significant correlation between gender and TMD severity was observed.Conclusion: This student population exhibited a high prevalence of TMD; however, the majority of cases were mild. The statistical significance of the association between TMD severity and gender is no longer proven. Despite having TMD. The students had little knowledge of their conditions.

The association between chronotype profile and temporomandibular disorders among college students.

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are common in young adults, and the link between chronotype profile and TMDs is unclear. This study examined TMD prevalence and chronotype distribution and explored the relationship between chronotype and TMDs in young adults. A total of 663 students from Sichuan University completed questionnaires. Chronotype profiles were assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and TMDs were screened using the Fonseca Memory Index. To validate the findings, 68 TMD patients and 136 controls were enrolled. The prevalence of TMDs was 69.7%, with significant differences among chronotype profiles. The intermediate profile was the most common chronotype. Eveningness profile was associated with higher TMDs prevalence and severity. Muscle pain and side movement difficulty scores were higher in eveningness and intermediate profiles. Female gender (OR 2.345; 95% CI 1.668-3.297) was a TMD risk factor, while morningness profile (OR 0.537; 95% CI 0.297-0.970) was protective. Validation with TMD patients and controls supported these findings, showing higher eveningness profile prevalence in the TMD groups. TMDs have a high prevalence in college students, chronotype profiles shown to be associated with TMDs. Morningness is the protection factor in TMDs and PT, eveningness is a risk factor for IT.

Prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders and associated factors among Iranian dental student

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders include a number of clinical signs and symptoms that involve the muscles, temporomandibular joint, and teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in dental students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 1400-1401. Method: In this study, 193 dental students were selected from the population under study by available sampling method. First, the necessary information was collected through interviews and completing the checklist. Male and female students were randomly selected and were subjected to a complete examination in terms of the health of the temporomandibular joint. After data entry in SPSS software version 19, the data was described with the help of frequency and percentage and chi-score test. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: 193 students participated in this study, of which 98 were male and 95 were female. There were 30 first-year students, 30 second-year students, 39 third-year students, 32 fourth-year students, 26 fifth-year students, and 36 sixth-year students. The average age of the students was 24.5 years. Occlusion of class 1, class 2 and class 3 was seen in 156 people (80.8%), 29 people (15%) and 8 people (4.1%), respectively. A history of trauma to the jaw was reported in 14 people (7.3%). 17 people (8.8%) mentioned headache. Bruxism was observed in 13 people. The results of chi square test showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between related variables to TMJ disorder and gender. Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder among dental students, further studies are recommended to investigate other related factors.

The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder and temporomandibular morphology among diverse chronotype profiles

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of chronotype on the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) and the morphology of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). According to the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire-Self-Assessment, the participants were divided into morning group (n = 30), intermediate group (n = 83), and evening group (n = 30). Thirty participants were randomly selected from the intermediate group for subsequent examination and measurements. The morphology of TMJs was investigated using questionnaire and clinical examination form in Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder. Meanwhile, the morphological results of TMJs were measured from cone-beam computed tomography images. The prevalence rate of TMD in the morning group (23%) was significantly lower than that in the intermediate group (56.7%), while there was no difference between the evening (53.4%) and intermediate groups. As to morphological measurements, there was no significant difference among three groups in mediolateral width of condylar process, anteroposterior width of condylar process, radius of condyle, medial joint space, lateral joint space, condylar stress angle, horizontal condylar inclination, width of glenoid fossa, depth of glenoid fossa, and posterior joint space, while there was a significant difference in horizontal condylar angle (p = 0.00490), articular eminence inclination (p < .0001), anterior joint space (p = 0.0163), and superior joint space (p = 0.0004). The morphology of TMJ in the morning group was better than that in the evening and intermediate groups. An association was found between TMD prevalence, temporomandibular morphology, and chronotype.

DIFFERENCES IN THE PREVALENCE OF SYMPTOMS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS IN FACULTY OF DENTISTRY UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI STUDENTS

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a common problem with various clinical signs and symptoms of the structures of the masticatory system, including the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint, often found in the age group of 20-40 years. People with TMD symptoms can show at least one symptom of the disorder. The prevalence of TMD was reported among dental students. This study aims to determine differences in the majority of symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder in students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Jenderal Achmad Yani University class of 2020 in 2021 and 2023. This research is an analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with 54 research subjects from the Faculty of Medicine class 2020. This study found that in 2021, there were 88.8% of students, while in 2023, 87% of students suffered from symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder with a score p=0.739. No significant difference in the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms in 2021 and 2023.

Evaluation and Co-Relation of Temporomandibular Disorders Concerning Dental Anomalies in Adolescents and Early Adulthood

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a complex, multi-factorial etiology. TMDs in the pediatric populationmay go unreported in most cases and can negatively impact their quality of life and their learning ability. To evaluate andcorrelate parafunctional habits in the causation of temporomandibular disorder in adolescents and early adulthood. 340 subjectswith adolescents and early adulthood from 6-18 years were included in the present study. Detailed parameters relevant to TMJdisorder, including the clinical examination findings, were recorded in the structured case sheet. Further, these subjects werecategorized into symptomatic and asymptomatic TMDs. Of the 340 study population, 194 (57%) were identified as suffering fromTMD. A significant difference was recorded in diet practice and oral habits with the patients suffering from TMDs (p&lt;0.05).There was a significant difference in the habits of symptomatic patients. A high prevalence of TMDs in adolescents and earlyadulthood was found in women with bruxism and nail-biting oral habits. Active screening of children with various predisposingfactors is recommended to aid in the early recognition and treatment of TMDs.

Association of Stress with Prevalence of TMJ Dysfunction in Undergraduate Dental Students

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) refers to persistent medical conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and related structures. Studies showed that stress was closely linked to the development of TMD. Furthermore, healthcare students are particularly susceptible to stress compared to the general population. This can have a negative impact on their quality of life and mental health during their training. The increased prevalence of TMD has also been reported among the same cohort of the population. However, there is a lack of literature published highlighting the prevalence of TMD and their association with increased levels of stress in dental students. This study aims to explore whether increased stress levels are associated with the prevalence of TMD in undergraduate dental students. A total of 218 dental students participated. Two online self-reported questionnaires consisted of structured case history on past medical and dental history with a Fonseca Amnestic Index (FAI) questionnaire used to identify the prevalence of TMD and DESS questionnaire for stress prediction were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with a p-value less than 0.05. It was reported that about 48% of students had various TMD with no significant association found between the year of study and gender. However, a significant association was reported between stress gender. A positive correlation was also found between stress and TMD among participants. This study revealed a significant association between stress and the prevalence of TMD in undergraduate dental students. Educational institutions must adopt coping strategies to help trainees manage their psychological stress, which could reduce the incidence of TMD.

Impact of different types of temporomandibular disorders on jaw functional limitation and psychological distress in orthodontic patients.

Some orthodontic patients are associated with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), and the differences between jaw function and psychological states in orthodontic patients with different types of TMDs remain unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different types of TMDs in orthodontic patients and to evaluate the relationship between different types of TMDs and jaw functional limitation and psychological distress in orthodontic patients. A questionnaire was sent to patients willing to participate in this survey, which included questions about the demographic characteristics of the participants, the five TMD symptoms (5Ts) of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs, the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8 (JFLS-8) and the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4). The subjects were divided into three groups: painful TMDs (PT), non-painful TMDs (NPT), and TMD-free according to whether they had TMDs and its subtypes. A total of 670 valid questionnaires were collected from 182 males and 488 females. The prevalence of TMDs was 35.4%, of which the prevalence of PT was 11.8% and the prevalence of NPT was 23.6%. The median JLFS-8 score of TMD patients was significantly higher than TMD-free, and PT patients were significantly higher than NPT (p = .026). After adjusting for confounding factors, the jaw function and psychological states of PT patients and NPT patients were worse than those of the TMD-free group. Among the orthodontic patients surveyed, more than one-third had TMDs and the prevalence of PT was lower than NPT. Having TMDs is associated with more severe jaw functional limitation, and PT patients were more serious than NPT patients. At the same time, the psychological states of TMDs patients were also worse.

Temporomandibular joint disorders prevalence and health-seeking preferences among Al-Madinah community: A prospective cross sectional study

Background: Painful temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are of musculoskeletal origin and are considered the most common cause of non-odontogenic pain in the orofacial region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and awareness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in Almadinah Almunawwarah community. Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted. The patients were selected from the dental college and the hospital at Taibah University in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A translated Arabic version of Fonseca's questionnaire was employed. The questionnaire asked about the participant's personal information, if they thought they had TMDs, and who to visit for therapy if necessary. These were followed by 10 items from Fonseca's questionnaire, each with a three-point scale. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 518 people. Females made up 57.1% of the participants. TMDs were present in 61% of the population, with varying degrees of severity. Males (44.3%) were less affected than females (55.7%). The difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.354). Out of the 61% TMDs Positive patients, 74.1% had mild TMDs symptoms, while 20.8% and 5.1%, respectively, had moderate and severe TMDs symptoms (P = 0.05). The severity of the symptoms was unaffected by demographic data (P &gt; 0.05). Only 40% seek care, with 64.6% selecting for a dentist or orofacial pain specialists for their management and 24.6% preferring for an orthopaedic specialist (P= 0.008). Conclusions: Participants from Al-Madinah had a greater prevalence of mild TMDs. The majority of the participants had no idea who to go to for treatment. The findings of this study highlight the importance of educational activities to enhance public awareness

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder among Dental Students of the University of Baghdad

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder among Dental Students of the University of Baghdad

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Among Dental Students in Chennai.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12663-023-01866-y.

Assessment of the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder among vocalists and musicians using a questionnaire study

Assessment of the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder among vocalists and musicians using a questionnaire study

The prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder in female students from 17 to 30 years at Taibah University in all colleges

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD) and its association with anxiety, college, all-day activities, and stress among female students at Taibah University. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out to develop a consensus of female students at Taibah University in all colleges from ages 17 to 30 years. The data were obtained through a questionnaire survey. A Google Drive questionnaire template was used. The questionnaire was sent to the participants through WhatsApp, SMS, and emails. Results: The study included 205 female students, with the majority of the participants falling between the ages of 17 and 23 years (78%). According to the presented data, 29.3% of participants reported having or presently experiencing issues with their jaw joints. The most prevalent symptom among those reported was a crackling sound (72.4%). Around 43.6% participants said that exercises were the most effective treatment for jaw problems, whereas 40% believed that medications were the most effective treatment. There was a significant correlation between age and having or currently suffering from jaw joint problems (p-value = 0.031). Conclusion: The current study highlighted the high prevalence of jaw joint problems, which is known as temporomandibular disorders among female university students of different colleges. The current study also reported that there are different factors that might be associated with aggravation and development of the Temporomandibular joint including stress, sleep disturbance, and changes in daily routine.

TMJ &amp; Its role in Prosthodontia: A Systematic Review

Aim The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate importance of TMJ and assessing the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) among the general population. Methodology Five main electronic databases and three grey literature were searched to identify observational studies in which TMJD was diagnosed using the research diagnostic criteria (RDC/TMD) or diagnostic criteria (DC/TMD). The studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on eligibility criteria. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the “R” Statistics software was used to perform meta-analyses. Results From 2741 articles, 21 were included. Ten studies were judged at low RoB, seven at moderate, and four at high. The TMJD investigated were as follows: arthralgia, disk displacement (DDs) with reduction (DDwR), DDwR with intermittent locking, DDs without reduction (DDwoR) with limited opening, DDwoR without limited opening, degenerative joint disease (DJD), osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis, and subluxation. The main results from prevalence overall meta-analyses for adults/elderly are as follows: TMJD (31.1%), DDs (19.1%), and DJD (9.8%). Furthermore, for children/adolescents are as follows: TMJD (11.3%), DDs (8.3%), and DJD (0.4%). Considering the individual diagnosis meta-analyses, the most prevalent TMJD is DDwR for adults/elderly (25.9%) and children/adolescents (7.4%).

Temporomandibular joint disorders prevalence and awareness of appropriate clinical practices, among Al-Madinah community: A prospective cross sectional study

Background: Painful temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are of musculoskeletal origin and are considered the most common cause of non-odontogenic pain in the orofacial region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and awareness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in Almadinah Almunawwarah community. Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted. A translated Arabic version of Fonseca's questionnaire was employed. The questionnaire asked about the participant's personal information, if they thought they had TMDs, and who to visit for therapy if necessary. These were followed by 10 items from Fonseca's questionnaire, each with a three-point scale. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 598 people. Females made up 57.1% of the participants. TMDs were present in 61% of the population, with varying degrees of severity. Males (44.3%) were less affected than females (55.7%). The difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.354). Out of the 61% TMDs Positive patients, 74.1% had mild TMDs symptoms, while 20.8% and 5.1%, respectively, had moderate and severe TMDs symptoms (P = 0.05). The severity of the symptoms was unaffected by demographic data (P &gt; 0.05). Only 40% seek care, with 64.6% selecting for a dentist and 24.6% preferring for an orthopaedic specialist (P= 0.008). Conclusions: Participants from Al-Madinah had a greater prevalence of mild TMDs. The majority of the participants had no idea who to go to for treatment. The findings of this study highlight the importance of educational activities to enhance public awareness

TMJ and Pregnancy

Dramatic physiological changes of women body due to pregnancy may elicit temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Furthermore, decrease immunity and stresses of pregnancy contribute to provoke TMD. To limit and prevent TMD, small lifestyle changes can be employed during pregnancy to insure warding off joint affection. Similarly, treatment options are available and one of the basic and apparent options is the use of bite plates. Because of the prevalence and importance of TMD in pregnant women, this literature review suggests adding education on TMD and its prevention to any antenatal program. There is a real demand for more studies on incidence of TMD during pregnancy and prognosis after that.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundThis study sought to investigate which temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be expected in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to determine the combined impact of these conditions on the psychological status, chronic pain, and functional disability.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional study composed of 30 patients between 18 and 65 years with ankylosing spondylitis was performed. The research protocol considered the evaluation of outcomes related to the ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27 antigen, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Health Assessment Questionnaire – Spondylitis (HAQ-S)) and temporomandibular disorders (axis I and II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders – RDC/TMD). Descriptive analyses were applied to express the results.ResultsThe sample presented both AS and TMD, most of them (24) were diagnosed with conventional AS (HLA-B27 positive). The BASDAI was scored as 7.70 (2.30) (high activity of AS disease). Functional disability represented by high scores of BASFI [7.00 (2.63)] and HAQ-S [1.79 (0.62)] demonstrates the severe impact of the disease on the daily routine and quality of life. According to RDC/TMD diagnostic criteria, 17 (57%) share the three groups of TMD, and 9 (30%) share two groups of TMD (Group I and III). Over 73% of the volunteers scored high levels of chronic pain (Grade III and IV) associated with a high depression scale score. The sample scored the somatization scale (with and without pain) as severe.ConclusionPatients with ankylosing spondylitis presented a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorder, most of them having the degenerative forms of TMJ disease. AS and TMD cause moderate to severe chronic pain and a negative impact on psychological status and functional capacities.

Biomechanical impact of the porous-fibrous tissue behaviour in the temporomandibular joint movements. An in silico approach

The movement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a function of its complex geometry and its interaction with the surrounding soft tissues. Owing to an increase in the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), many computational studies have attempted to characterize its biomechanical behaviour in the last 2 decades. However, most such studies are based on a single computational model that markedly simplifies the complex geometry and mechanical properties of the TMJ's soft tissues. The present study aims to computationally evaluate in a wider sample the importance of considering their complex anatomy and behaviour for simulating both damping and motion responses of this joint. Hence, 6 finite element models of healthy volunteers' TMJ were developed and subjected to both conditions in two different behavioural scenarios. In one, the soft tissues' behaviour was modelled by considering the porous-fibrous properties, whereas in the other case they were simplified assuming isotropic-hyperelastic response, as had been traditionally considered. The damping analysis, which mimic the conditions of an experimental test of the literature, consisted of applying two different compressive loads to the jaw. The motion analysis evaluated the condylar path during the mandible centric depression by the action of muscular forces. From the results of both analyses, the contact pressures, intra-articular fluid pressure, path features, and stress/strain values were compared using the porous-fibrous and isotropic-hyperelastic models. Besides the great differences observed between patients due patient-specific morphology, the porous-fibrous approach yielded results closer to the reference experimental values and to the outcomes of other computational studies of the literature. Our findings underscore, therefore, the importance of considering realistic joint geometries and porous-fibrous contribution in the computational modelling of the TMJ, but also in the design of further joint replacements or in the development of new biomaterials for this joint.